Abstract: A method is disclosed for collecting so-called residual coke from a coke oven chamber while the door of the coke oven chamber is being opened. A collecting device is moved up against a guide plate arranged under the door of the coke oven chamber before the door of the coke oven chamber is opened, and the coke that falls out of the coke oven chamber falls across the guide plate into a collecting device. The collecting device is moved to a horizontal position after the coke has been collected so that the upper edge of the collecting device is at the height of the bottom of the coke oven chamber. The push-out device of the coke oven operating machine moves over the collecting device between the suspensions so that the coke is pushed out of the collecting device back into the coke oven chamber.

Abstract: A method for removing high-boiling hydrocarbons from water-soluble solvent flows, wherein said solvent flows are produced in industrial processes which circulate a solvent as a part of the process, and the solvent must be periodically or permanently freed of high-boiling hydrocarbons which influence the quality or the desired properties of the solvent in an unwanted way, and water is added for carrying out the method in a phase separator, so that the high-boiling hydrocarbons are separated off because of their immiscibility with water, and then the water-miscible phase containing water and solvent is returned to the process. According to the invention, the proportion of high-boiling hydrocarbons in circulating solvents in an industrial process can be kept permanently low.

Abstract: A method for coking coals having high driving pressure properties in a “non-recovery” or “heat-recovery” coking oven, wherein a coking oven battery which is composed of coking oven chambers arranged side by side is used for cyclic coking of coal, and wherein an amount of coal preheated to a high temperature is admitted into the coking chamber that is to be filled at such a level that the driving pressure resulting from the coking can escape over the coke cake into the gas chamber, in such a manner that the coking oven chamber wall surrounding the coking oven chamber is relieved by the driving pressure resulting from the coking. Also disclosed is a device with which this method can be carried out.

Abstract: A cooling shield is to be made available, in particular within the pressure container, with conical regions for the exit of gas or slag, in a gasification reactor (1) for producing crude gas containing CO or H2, having a pressure container (2) and a reaction chamber (4) formed by a membrane wall (3) of cooling pipes, wherein an annular space is formed between the inner wall of the pressure container (2) and the membrane wall (3), wherein elements such as burners (17) or the like are provided, which elements horizontally pass through the pressure container wall in the membrane wall substantially on the same plane (18), wherein the suspension or connection between the cooling shield and pressure container (load removal) is optimized, while avoiding difference expansions. This is achieved in that, for removal of the load on the membrane wall (3), direct or indirect support takes place at the cooling inlet lines (5) or mixture outlet lines (14).

Abstract: A process for the removal of components to be separated from technical gases by way of an absorption and desorption processes using liquid absorbents, at least part of the laden solution leaving the absorption device being branched off before being heated and fed to the top of the heat transfer section. This laden part-stream being heated by the steam rising from the bottom part of the desorption device via heat exchange in the heat transfer section. The residual stream of cold, laden solution leaving the absorption device being pre-heated via heat exchange with the hot, regenerated solution leaving the desorption device, with the heat exchange being configured such that the total heat exchange surface required for the absorption and desorption process is reduced.

Abstract: A water distribution system in a gasification reactor for carrying out a slag-forming entrained flow process is disclosed having a water screen as a water distribution system with a concentric annular distributor used in conjunction with an axially symmetrical deflecting surface having a concavely curved cross-section. The annular distributor has a water intake and the annular distributor has openings for water to be discharged in jets directed onto the inside of the concavely curved deflecting surface. The water leaving the deflecting surface is conducted downward into the interior of the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an integrated process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons starting from a feed containing at least one fraction of biomass and optionally at least one fraction of another feed, said process comprising at least one pre-treatment step, a gasification step, a step for conditioning synthesis gas, a water scrubbing step, a step for eliminating acid gases, a final purification step, and a catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing nitrosamines, formed in removal of CO2 from off-gases by means of an aqueous amine solution. A substream of the aqueous amine solution, loaded with nitrosamines, is branched off from a washing fluid circulation and is concentrated by evaporating water and low-boiling constituents. The concentrated amine solution is retained at the boiling point in a unit in which a liquid phase and a vapor phase are in contact to establish a vapor/fluid equilibrium between the phases. The vapor phase is irradiated with UV light, which decomposes nitrosamines entering the vapor phase. Following decomposition of nitrosamines, the concentrated amine solution is recycled to the washing fluid circulation for further use in the scrubber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coke oven of a non-recovery horizontal type of construction, known as a non-recovery or heat-recovery coke oven, in which the coke oven floor is made up of at least two layers and each layer is formed of the same or different silica materials, wherein the first layer, seen from the oven space, is formed from a solid refractory material and the second layer comprises a multiplicity of openings, gaps, apertures or the like, the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, apertures or the like being in communication with the gas space of the flue gas duct running under them.

Abstract: Improved reactors for catalytic, exothermic gas-phase reactions having, viewed in the flow direction of a feed gas, an inlet zone (1), a reaction zone (2) containing at least one catalyst (4), and an outlet zone (3) for the product gas, are described. The reactors are provided in the inlet zone (1) or in the inlet zone (1) and the reaction zone (2) with an insulating liner (6) and/or apparatuses for the transport of cooling media and/or the interior walls of the reactor in the inlet zone (1) or in the inlet zone (1) and the reaction zone (2) consist of inert material. The insulating liner and/or cooling media reduce heat transport from the reaction zone (2) into the inlet zone (1) and thus reduce the risk of preignition of the feed gas mixture used or occurrence of undesirable secondary reactions in the inlet zone (1).

Abstract: With a method for discharging slag from a water bath of a reactor for synthesis gas production, whereby the slag is brought to a lower pressure level by means of a transfer container, a solution is supposed to be created, with which the components connected with transferring the slag out are subject to a low temperature, whereby immediate slag transfer without water exchange is supposed to be made possible, with a minimal required cooling power. This is accomplished in that a cooling water stream is passed to the slag stream in the outlet region of the slag from the water bath of the gas generator or the pressurized container that surrounds it, in a region having a greater cross-section than the cross-section of the entry connector of another system part, such as, for example, the transfer container, in such a manner that temperature stratification in the outlet region is made possible.

Abstract: In the case of a gasification reactor for the production of crude gas, containing CO or H2, by gasification of ash-containing fuel with oxygen-containing gas, at temperatures above the melting temperature of the ash, wherein a reaction chamber formed by a membrane wall through which coolant flows, within a pressure container, subsequently a transition region and a quench chamber are provided, with a slag/water bath following in the direction of gravity, a funnel-shaped slag collection container is provided in the slag/water bath, which container is equipped, in the inflow direction of the slag, with a second funnel-shaped insert as a precipitation cone, the funnel wall of which forms a circumferential ring gap to the slag collection container, and the free border edge of which is positioned above the free border edge of the slag collection container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for catalytic reformation of hydrocarbons with steam at elevated pressure, said reactor comprising a reaction space and a fire space, said reaction space comprised of a multitude of vertical tubes arranged in rows and suitable for being filled with a catalyst, and having facilities for feeding hydrocarbons and steam to be reformed to the reaction space, and furthermore comprising facilities for discharge of reformed synthesis gas from the reaction space, and furthermore comprising a multitude of firing facilities in the upper area of the firing space, said firing facilities being able to generate mainly downwardly directed flames that are suitable to heat the aforementioned reaction tubes, with the tube feeding air to the burner being equipped with a facility for adjusting and setting the air flow, and there being a secondary air feeder mounted additionally to this tube and branching-off from it and configured in various layouts and having an independently controllable facil

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a pure aromatics-containing product is disclosed. This product is obtained by extractive distillation of a gasoline rich in aromatics, in which olefins, diolefins and polyolefins are separated, and this extractive distillation is followed by a hydrogenation of the recovered aromatics-rich, olefin-lean product stream, in which the alkylated aromatics, especially toluene and xylene, are dealkylated and the paraffinic dealkylation products further converted into methane so that a significant portion of hydrogen can be saved by carrying out the hydrogenation subsequent to the extractive distillation, as the aromatics mixture is then free of olefins and no hydrogen is required for an olefin hydrogenation, with extractive distillation and recovery of the extracting solvent taking place in one column. An apparatus for carrying out the process described is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for keeping coke oven chambers hot during the stoppage of a waste heat boiler. The coke oven chambers are kept hot after emptying using externally heated burners, in which a flue gas low in pollutants is obtained from the burners. The waste heat boilers which, during normal operation, cool the flue gases can be shut off and overhauled, and a flue gas low in pollutants which can be dissipated directly into the atmosphere is obtained by the burner operation. Also disclosed is an apparatus for keeping coke oven chambers hot, the apparatus has a coke oven chamber bench, a flue gas collection line, a flue gas chimney, a waste heat boiler, a waste gas collection line and a waste gas purification system, wherein the flue gas chimney and the waste heat boiler can be shut off on the flue gas side and on the waste gas side.

Abstract: A gasification reactor for producing crude gas, containing CO or H2, by gasification of ash-containing fuel with oxygen-containing gas, at temperatures above the melting temperature of the ash, has a reaction chamber formed by a membrane wall through which coolant flows, within a pressure container, is provided, with a narrowing transition channel into a gas cooling chamber, and spin-reducing, cooled bulkheads in the transition channel. The, wall that carries the bulkheads makes a transition, below the bulkheads, into a cylinder wall that is reduced in diameter, by way of a step having a corrugated surface. The cylinder wall, which is reduced in diameter, is enclosed by a further cylindrical wall, which is enlarged in diameter, which wall forms a second slag drip edge at its end, in the direction of gravity. The further cylindrical wall is disposed to be adjustable in its vertical position, with reference to the first drip edge.

Abstract: A methane-rich gas from synthesis gas is made in a methane reactor with a row of methanation stages and, at an upstream end of the row of methanation stages, a CO conversion stage. An incoming stream of synthesis gas containing CO and H2 is split into a plurality of partial streams, one of which is fed to the reactor upstream of the CO conversion stage. Each of the other partial syngas streams is fed to the reactor upstream of a respective one of the methanation stages such that methanation takes place in each of the methanation stages and gas exits from the stages and mixes with the partial syngas stream being fed to the next downstream stage. A plurality of partial streams are diverted from a product-gas stream issuing from the furthest downstream stage and are each fed to the reactor upstream of a respective one of the methanation stages.

Abstract: A device for feeding and controlling secondary air from secondary air ducts into flue gas channels of horizontal coke oven chambers is shown. The flue gas channels are located underneath the coke oven chamber floor on which coal carbonization is realized. The flue gas channels serve for combustion of partly burnt coking gases from the coke oven chamber. The partly burnt gases are burnt with secondary air, thus heating the coke cake also from below to ensure even coal carbonization. Secondary air comes from the secondary air ducts connected to atmospheric air and to the flue gas channels. Controlling elements are mounted in the connecting channels between the flue gas channels and secondary air ducts which can precisely control the air flow into the flue gas channels. Thereby, it is possible to achieve a much more regular heating and heat distribution in coke oven chambers. The actual controlling devices in the connecting channels can be formed by turnable pipe sections, wall bricks, or metal flaps.

Abstract: A method for reducing the coking time in the oven area near the door or end wall and for improving coke quality and situation of emissions by compensating for radiation losses through coke oven chamber doors and end walls is described. This compensation is accomplished by varying the height of the coal cake in the environment of the frontal coke oven chamber doors. The variation is achieved both by increasing or decreasing the coal cake over part of the length or over the entire length of the coke oven chamber door. The reduction in the height of the coal cake can be generated by omission of coal or coal compacts, the increase in height can be accomplished by stacking of coal and pressing or adding of coal compacts, with it also being envisaged to omit the pressing cycle so as to obtain a recess with a lower coal cake density which also has less heat radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for simultaneously producing iron and a crude syngas containing CO and H2 by means of a blast furnace that is charged with iron ore and carbon-containing reducing agents. The amount of carbon-containing reducing agents fed to the blast furnace is greater than the amount of fuel required for producing the iron. Technically pure oxygen is fed into the blast furnace for the blast furnace process and for producing the crude syngas. In addition, CO2 and/or steam are fed to the blast furnace in order to control the ratio between CO and H2 in the crude syngas discharged from the blast furnace as top gas and/or moderate the temperature at which the oxygen is injected.