Abstract: Particle therapy systems and methods for particle dose imaging are provided. A particle therapy system includes a particle beam source for generating a particle beam; and at least one particle detector including an ionization chamber having a mesh electrode. The at least one particle detector is configured to receive the particle beam and to generate an ionization current responsive to the received particle beam. The ionization current may be used to characterize the particle beam.

Abstract: A circuit for selecting a row of memory cells of a memory device to be refreshed may include: a cold table suitable for storing as a cold row a row selected as a hammered row when the row selected as the hammered row is neither one of cold rows stored in the cold table nor one of hot rows stored in a hot table; and the hot table suitable for storing, as a hot row, the row selected as the hammered row when the row selected as the hammered row is one of the cold rows stored in the cold table.

Abstract: Measurement of mRNAs in urinary cells offers a noninvasive means of diagnosing fibrosis in kidneys. One aspect of the invention is a method that includes: (a) measuring quantities of vimentin mRNA, NKCC2 mRNA, and E-cadherin mRNA in a test sample of cells obtained from urine; and (b) determining whether the vimentin mRNA quantity is higher, the NKCC2 mRNA quantity is lower, or the E-cadherin mRNA is higher than in healthy urinary cells; and thereby detecting that the sample is a fibrotic kidney sample. Step (a) can also include measuring the quantity of RNA expressed by a housekeeping gene (e.g., 18S rRNA). The quantities of vimentin mRNA, NKCC2 mRNA, and E-cadherin mRNA can be normalized against the quantity of housekeeping gene RNA.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds comprising oligonucleotides complementary to an LRP8 transcript. Certain such compounds are useful for hybridizing to an LRP8 transcript, including but not limited, to an LRP8 transcript in a cell. In certain embodiments, such hybridization results in modulation of splicing of the LRP8 transcript. In certain embodiments, such hybridization results in an increase in inclusion of exon 19 in the LRP8 mRNA transcript. In certain embodiments, such compounds are used to treat Alzheimer's Disease.

Abstract: Provided are compositions for and methods of producing hydrogen. For example, the compositions comprise nanocrystals, a catalyst, a source of electrons, and an aqueous medium. The nanocrystals, catalyst, aqueous medium, and, optionally, the source of electrons are present as a mixture. The methods produce hydrogen by exposing the compositions to electromagnetic radiation (e.g., solar flux).

Abstract: We identified 17 transcription factor genes that regulate lipid production and activity in an organism. We subsequently detailed characterization of one of them (psr1). Constructs, methods and systems for enhancing or increasing lipid production in an organism are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for biosynthetically producing podophyllotoxin intermediates and derivatives including enzymes and their equivalents involved in the biosynthetic production of podophyllotoxin intermediates and derivatives.

Abstract: A method and system to identify an epitope unique to a misfolded form of a protein is provided. Sets of one or more amino acid residues are selected from a model representing the structure of the protein; the free energy of unfolding of each set is determined; and the epitope is identified from the sets having a total probability of unfolding above a minimum probability or a free energy of unfolding below a minimum energy. In other aspects, the invention provides for the use of epitopes identified by the epitope prediction methods, and related antibodies, to diagnose and treat disease and to screen samples for the presence of such epitopes.

Abstract: An axial flux magnetic geared machine includes a high speed magnetic rotor and a low speed magnetic rotor maintained in a spaced relationship from the high speed magnetic rotor. A modulating structure is disposed between the high speed magnetic rotor and the low speed magnetic rotor. A stator is disposed in a radially central bore of one or more of the high speed magnetic rotor, the low speed magnetic rotor, and the modulating structure.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds and methods for treating a disorder associated with aberrant A3 peptide levels, including Alzheimer's disease. Provided herein are compositions and methods for treating a disorder associated with aberrant A? peptide levels, including AD. Provided herein are compounds of Formula (A) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, L? is selected from the group consisting of C(O), C(R1)(R2), substituted or unsubstituted —C2-6 alkylene-, and substituted or unsubstituted —C3-6 cycloalkylene.

Abstract: A composition-of-matter comprising a plurality of particles is disclosed herein, the particles comprising a compound (e.g., an element or a mixture of elements) which forms an alloy with an alkali metal and/or an alloy of an alkali metal with said compound. The alloy is characterized by reversibly releasing the alkali metal and absorbing the alkali metal. Some or all of the particles are encapsulated within a volume enclosed by a shell or matrix which conducts cations of the alkali metal, wherein a volume of the alloy upon maximal absorption of the alkali metal does not exceed the volume enclosed by a shell or matrix. Further disclosed herein is a process of preparing a composition-of-matter, which is effected by coating particles comprising an alloy saturated with the alkali metal with a conductor of cations of the alkali metal, as well as electrochemical half cells and batteries including the composition-of-matter.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a nanostructure utilizes a templated monocrystalline substrate. The templated monocrystalline substrate is energetically (i.e., preferably thermally) treated, with an optional precleaning and an optional amorphous material layer located thereupon, to form a template structured monocrystalline substrate that includes the monocrystalline substrate with a plurality of epitaxially aligned contiguous monocrystalline pillars extending therefrom. The monocrystalline substrate and the plurality of epitaxially aligned contiguous monocrystalline pillars may comprise the same or different monocrystalline materials.

Abstract: Differing from traditional alloys often containing one primary elemental composition, the present invention reforms a conventional superalloy to a high-entropy superalloy by redesigning the elemental compositions of the conventional superalloy based on a mixing entropy formula. Particularly, this high-entropy superalloy shows advantages of light weight and low cost under the premise of containing a low amount of expensive metal composition. The proposed high-entropy superalloy of the present invention comprises a primary elemental composition and at least one principal strengthening elemental composition, wherein the primary elemental composition has a first element content of at least 35 at % and each of the principal strengthening elemental compositions have a second element content of over 5 at %.

Abstract: The various robotic medical devices include robotic devices that are disposed within a body cavity and positioned using a support component disposed through an orifice or opening in the body cavity. Additional embodiments relate to devices having arms coupled to a device body wherein the device has a minimal profile such that the device can be easily inserted through smaller incisions in comparison to other devices without such a small profile. Further embodiments relate to methods of operating the above devices.

Abstract: Coupling agents useful for preparing vulcanized composition with filers such as silica and carbon black are provided. The coupling agents include fluorine substituted styrene compounds and styrene compounds containing a hydrocarbyloxysilane functional group. The coupling agents may be grafted onto polydiene polymers or added into a vulcanizable composition as an oligomer. The use of one or both of fluorine substituted styrene compounds and styrene compounds containing a hydrocarbyloxysilane functional group may improve the strength, rolling resistance, and/or cure rate of a vulcanized polymer compared to a vulcanized polymer without a coupling agent.

Abstract: A delivery device that allows for the sustained release of an agent, particularly useful for the sustained release of a therapeutic agent to limited access regions, such as the posterior chamber of the eye and inner ear. The delivery device is minimally invasive, refillable and may be easily fixed to the treatment area. The delivery device includes a hollow body with an inlet port at its proximal end for insertion of the agent, a reservoir for holding the agent and a delivery mechanism for the sustained delivery of the agent from the reservoir to the patient.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to a device having a charge pump and a capacitor. The charge pump may be configured for coupling between first and second power sources. The capacitor may be configured for coupling between the first power source and an input of the charge pump. In an energy harvest mode, the charge pump may decouple from the first and second power sources, and the first power source may charge the capacitor with a first voltage while the charge pump is decoupled from the first and second power sources. In an energy transfer mode, the charge pump may couple to the capacitor and the second power source to transfer the first voltage from the capacitor to the second power source during discharge of the first voltage from the capacitor.

Abstract: The invention, in some aspects relates to compositions and methods for altering cell activity and function and the introduction and use of light-activated ion channels.

Abstract: A method of creating a three-dimensional model, based on two-dimensional (hereinafter “2D”) images is provided. The method includes acquiring a number of images of a number of physical locations, wherein each image is associated with one image group of a number of hierarchical image groups, the number of hierarchical image groups including a base image group, converting images within a group to a number of 3D models, wherein each 3D model is associated with one model group of a number of hierarchical model groups, the number of hierarchical model groups including a base model group, merging a number of the 3D models from the base model group and a number of 3D models from another 3D model group to create a multi-scale 3D model, and utilizing the multi-scale 3D model.

Abstract: A new variety of Pennisetum alopecuroides plant named ‘Tift PA17’ produces a reduced number of seeds, making it less invasive.