Abstract: A beam steering apparatus includes a first beam steering stage and at least a second beam steering stage arranged in-line with the first beam steering stage. The first beam steering stage includes a first polarization grating comprising a uniaxial birefringent material having a first periodic director pattern, and the second beam steering stage includes a second polarization grating comprising a uniaxial birefringent material having a second periodic director pattern. In nonmechanical embodiments, a polarization selector may be arranged to provide a circularly polarized input beam incident on the first polarization grating. In mechanical embodiments, at least one of the first polarization grating and the second polarization grating may be operable to be independently rotated about an azimuth thereof. Related methods of operation are also discussed.

Abstract: Adhesiveness between a wiring layer and a resin layer is improved by forming a nitrided resin layer by nitriding a surface of a substrate by plasma, and furthermore, thinly forming a copper nitride film prior to forming a copper film.

Abstract: The invention relates to use of the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 for preventing and treating diabetes, including type I diabetes (TID) and type 2 diabetes. In particular, the invention provides compositions comprising a fragment of the extracellular region of NKp46 for preventing the onset and progression of diabetes.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of modulating the level of an endocannabinoid in a subject in need thereof comprising administering an effective amount of an agent that inhibits the interaction of the endocannabinoid with an intracellular fatty acid binding protein (FABP). The invention also provides a method of identifying an agent for modulating the level of an endocannabinoid in a subject comprising testing the agent for its ability to modulate binding of the endocannabinoid with an intracellular FABP. The invention also provides a method of identifying an agent for modulating the level of an endocannabinoid in a subject comprising testing the agent for its ability to modulate expression of an intracellular FABP. The invention also provides a method of identifying an agent for treatment of a neurological disorder comprising testing the agent for its ability to modulate the interaction of an endocannabinoid with an intracellular FABP.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transformer control device and method based on a three-dimensional zone diagram policy. The method includes: setting transformers, including a transformer A and a transformer B; collecting three-phase voltage data and three-phase current data in a power system; rectifying the collected three-phase voltage data and the three-phase current data; transferring the data to the latches in a time-transfer method; transferring the data to an A/D converter of a processor to convert analog signals to digital signals; constructing a three-dimensional zone diagram in the processor; determining transformer operating conditions according to positions of points formed by voltage, reactive power factor and substation load; and adjusting the transformers.

Abstract: A rotary optical link joint having a small change in transmission loss during rotational use is provided. In order to realize this, the rotary optical link joint according to the present invention is an optical link joint that relatively rotatably holds, centering around an axis line (19, 29), a first optical fiber (11) and a second optical fiber (21), wherein a part or all of the first optical fiber (11) and the second optical fiber (21) are configured by a multi-core optical fiber having a plurality of cores, and wherein the plurality of cores is arranged in a circular or annular area that is sectioned by a concentric circle centered around the axis line (19, 29) of the multi-core optical fiber.

Abstract: A transceiver with wake up detection includes a primary control unit, a transmission unit and a receiving unit, the transmission unit comprises a first logic set, a second logic set, a third logic set, a first loop, and a second loop. The first loop outputs a first differential signal, and the second loop outputs a second differential signal. The receiving unit comprises a wake up detection circuit having a first comparator, a second comparator and a fourth logic set. When the first comparator and the second comparator receive a first predetermined level of the first differential signal and a second predetermined level of the second differential signal, the fourth logic set outputs an idle state signal and a data signal to the primary control unit to make an operation mode of the transceiver switched from a low power mode to a normal mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adaptive transmitting device using limited feedback information in a mobile communication system, and a method thereof. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when the base station transmits a pilot signal to the terminal, the terminal generates channel information by using the pilot signal, generates additional channel information from the channel information, and transmits the channel information and the additional channel information to the base station. The base station determines band allocation, power allocation, and modulation methods for each use by using received feedback information, and transmits modulated traffic data to the terminal according to the determined methods.

Abstract: This invention concerns pathological angiogenesis and cancer, related treatment methods, and related compositions. Also disclosed are related diagnosis kits and methods.

Abstract: The present application provides a system which transmits a request signal to a plurality of chips located within a communication range of an antenna, receives from a chip which has received the request signal an answer back including identification information and a plurality of error detection codes of the chip, generates a plurality of error detection codes from the identification information of the chip, detects match or mismatch of a plurality of error detection codes received and a plurality of error detection codes generated, and when, among a plurality of pairs of the error detection codes, match of a pair of error detection codes is detected and mismatch of another pair of error detection codes is detected, determines that the match of the pair of the error detection codes of the chip is misrecognition resulting from collision of a response signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to isolated Clostridium botulinum propeptides and neurotoxins, isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding Clostridium botulinum propeptides and neurotoxins, methods of expression, treatment methods, and methods of detecting neurotoxin trafficking. The isolated Clostridium botulinum propeptides have a light chain region; a heavy chain region, where the light and heavy chain regions are linked by a disulfide bond; an intermediate region connecting the light and heavy chain regions and comprising a highly specific protease cleavage site; and an S6 peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO:2 positioned upstream from, but not attached directly to, the N-terminus of the neurotoxin propeptide at the light chain region to enable site specific attachment of cargo.

Abstract: To cover a wide wavelength bandwidth, a spectroscopic apparatus uses three varied line spacing concave diffraction gratings G1 to G3, the corresponding energy ranges for G1, G2, and G3 being 50 to 200, 155 to 350, and 300 to 2200 eV, respectively. In the respective wavelength ranges, the diffraction conditions are satisfied. To provide a high throughput and a high resolution in the respective wavelength regions, the incident angles ?1 to ?3 for G1 to G3 measured from the normal line of the diffraction grating are specified to be ?1<?2<?3. Presupposing the normal lines of all diffraction gratings are superposed upon a common normal line, in order to meet ?1<?2<?3, the center positions ?1 to ?3 for G1 to G3 are set on the normal line (as ?1<?2<?3). From G1 to G3, one diffraction grating can be selected.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a multilayer surgical membrane. The surgical membrane can include a substantially fluid impermeable outer layer, an inner layer that includes a plurality of fenestrae, and a middle region disposed between the inner and outer layers. The middle region can include at least one channel that extends through the middle region. The middle region can have a first surface in contact with the inner layer. The at least one channel can imbibe fluid under a compressive or tensile load and the fenestrae can deform to exude fluid under the load.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to carbon nanostructures, e.g., carbon nanotubes, methods of covalently functionalizing carbon nanostructures, and methods of separating and isolating covalently functionalized carbon. In some embodiments, carbon nanotubes are reacted with alkylating agents to provide water soluble covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes. In other embodiments, carbon nanotubes are reacted with a thermally-responsive agent and exposed to light in order to separate carbon nanotubes of a specific chirality from a mixture of carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are, inter alia, methods for inhibiting Ire1 activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gaming machine that is capable of realistically informing a player of a payout rate, via an effective rendering of such a type in which the player is permitted to participate. In this gaming machine, when the routine migrates to a bonus game, a player makes an input operation via a first display panel to thereby advance a game in a second display panel that is provided upward of the first display panel. In this manner, as the bonus game, a game of such a kind in which the player is permitted to participate can be executed at a position that is easily seen from an upward periphery.

Abstract: A coupling structure between a screw head and a tightening tool includes a recess (3) with a curved concave surface on the free base of the head (1) of the screw (2) and a protuberance (6) with a curved convex surface finishing the end of the tool (5). The recess has axial projections (4) internally and the protuberance (6) has meridional grooves (7).

Abstract: A lipid membrane structure for delivering a substance into a nucleus of a cell, wherein lipid membrane is modified with (a) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and/or (b) a polypeptide consisting of an amino acid sequence comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, but including deletion and/or substitution and/or insertion of one or several amino acid residues, and having an activity of promoting migration of the lipid membrane structure into a nucleus of a cell, which can efficiently deliver a nucleic acid into a nucleus of an immunocyte such as dendritic cell.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating an accelerator driven sub-critical core. In one embodiment, a fission power generator includes a sub-critical core and a plurality of proton beam generators. Each of the proton beam generators is configured to concurrently provide a proton beam into a different area of the sub-critical core. Each proton beam scatters neutrons within the sub-critical core. The plurality of proton beam generators provides aggregate power to the sub-critical core, via the proton beams, to scatter neutrons sufficient to initiate fission in the sub-critical core.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, at least one sounding subchannel determining parameter is transmitted from a sounding signal receiving apparatus to a sounding signal transmitting apparatus. A sounding subchannel for the sounding signal transmitting apparatus is allocated according to the sounding subchannel determining parameter. A sounding signal is received from the sounding signal transmitting apparatus over the allocated sounding subchannel. The sounding subchannel determining parameter is determined for allocating a sounding subchannel considering a frequency correlation.