Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming method comprising a charging step of carrying out charging by applying voltage from the outside to a charging member which is brought into contact with an electrophotographic photoreceptor; an electrostatic latent image-forming step of forming a latent image; and a toner image-forming step of visualizing the latent image by using a developer, wherein the charging member is produced using a charging roll obtained by laminating an ionic conductive elastic material layer and a surface layer, in which an electroconductive material is dispersed, on a conductive support in this order; and the developer contains a toner which satisfies specific requirements.

Abstract: An imaging method utilizing an imaging member containing a supporting substrate, a layer of a charge carrier injecting surface, a hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a layer of a charge carrier transport material, a layer of an charge carrier generating material, an optional charge trapping layer, a crossed linked silicone rubber, and an electrically insulating overcoating layer. The member is first charged with electrostatic charges of a first polarity, charged a second time with electrostatic charges of a polarity opposite to said first polarity in order to substantially neutralize the charges residing on the electrically insulating surface of the member and exposed to an imagewise pattern of activating electromagnetic radiation whereby an electrostatic latent image is formed. The electrostatic latent image may be developed to form a visible image which may be transferred to a receiver member. The imaging member may be reused after erasure and cleaning.

Abstract: Coordinates in an image and its corresponding color-converted data are supplied to a control/operation portion for every pixel. Quantization is applied to each color. The quantization is carried out so that a kind of dot for at least one color is made different from kinds of dots for the others in one and the same pixel when dots for different colors are superimposed on the pixel. The control/operation portion refers to a two-dimensional matrix on the basis of the quantization result, determines an output dot for each color, and converts the data into data which can be processed by a printer. The printer records an image based on the quantization result while reciprocating a recording head. Thus, it is possible to reduce color shift caused by the difference of the ink landing order at the time of reciprocating the head for recording.

Abstract: An error diffusion method is provided where a plurality of n error values derived from processing one or more previous scanlines of input pixel values are sub-sampled without the n error values being stored in a buffer to derive m error values (m<n). In one example, a reduction factor R is used according to m=n/R. In another example, a two-dimensional reduction operation is performed. The m error values, rather than the original n error values, are used as input for subsequent error diffusion operations. This allows for storage of m error values rather than n error values and, thus, error buffer requirements are reduced. Image quality has been found to be comparable to conventional error diffusion operations when the reduction factor used is maintained within reasonable limits. The sub-sampling operation can be accomplished according to any suitable method.

Abstract: A xerographic charging device corona current is determined by forming a first signal across a sense resistor in series with the charging device power supply, forming a second signal using a resistive voltage divider network across the power supply, and forming a third signal using a resistor-capacitor charging circuit across the power supply, and then processing the first, second and third signals to form an output signal that is based on the corona current.

Abstract: A process including: providing a cylindrical substrate rotating about the long axis; applying at least one coating layer with a direct writing applicator on the outer surface of the rotating substrate; and curing the resulting coated layer or layers.

Abstract: An apparatus for developing a latent image recorded on an imaging surface with a custom color toner, including a developer housing for developing a portion of said latent image with the toner of custom color. The developer housing includes a donor member for transporting toner of the custom color to a development zone to develop the latent image. A replaceable reservoir unit is provided for mixing and supplying the custom color toner to the donor member. An array of toner dispensers is provided for supplying various primary color toners, as required, to achieve the custom color, and additional reservoirs having various colored toners therein to allow for faster convergence to a given point in the color space.

Abstract: A system for integrating services in a system includes a plurality of services, wherein each service includes a software component associated with the system and provides at least one functionality. A user interface, such as a web browser, displays the plurality of services, wherein each service has a link associated with it for accessing the service directly. A scripting shell, responsive to selection of a first service and a second service from the plurality of services, pipes the first and second services together to form a scenario such that output from the first service is provided as input to the second service. A link may be associated with scenario for accessing the scenario directly.

Abstract: Gallium nitride substrates are formed by etching a gallium nitride layer on a sapphire substrate or by selective area regrowth of a gallium nitride layer first deposited onto a sapphire substrate. The gallium nitride layers are bonded to a support substrate and a laser pulse directed through the transparent sapphire detaches the gallium nitride layers from the sapphire substrate. The gallium nitride layers are then detached from the support substrate forming freestanding gallium nitride substrates.

Abstract: A toner maintenance system for an electrophotographic developer unit, including a sump for storing a quantity of developer material a sump for storing a quantity of developer material comprised of toner material; a first member for transporting a mixture of developer material and toner particles from the sump, a viewing window, in communication with toner material, in the sump; an optical sensor, device for measuring reflected light off the viewing window and toner material, and generating a signal indicative thereof. A toner concentration controller is adapted to receive a signal from the sensor and to generate an “Add Toner” signal to replenish toner in the sump.

Abstract: An imaging system for effecting electrostatic printing of an image, wherein the imaging system includes an electrostatic printing engine operable in a novel fashion upon a copy substrate, for imaging and development of an electrostatic latent image representative of the image, and subsequently transfers the developed image to the copy substrate. A quantity of low solids content liquid developing material is subject to compression in a process nip such that the concentration of marking particles therein increases and the concentration of carrier fluid decreases. A toner cake layer is thereby formed in the process nip, and is used for development of the electrostatic latent image in a development zone situated in the process nip.

Abstract: An apparatus including:

Abstract: A coating method for a substrate defining a deposition region and an optional uncoated region, wherein the deposition region includes an intermediate region disposed between a first end region and a second end region, the method composed of: (a) dip coating a first layer of a coating solution including a liquid medium and a coating material only over the first end region; and (b) dip coating a second layer of the coating solution over the first layer, the intermediate region, and the second end region in the recited sequence.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes a boost circuit and a switch circuit. The boost circuit has rectifying elements and charge storage elements associated with the rectifying elements, and outputs a boosted voltage by sequentially cumulating charges in the charge storage elements in accordance with an AC input signal. The switch circuit switches a polarity of boosting in cumulating the charges in the charge storage elements. The boost circuit includes a circuit part that supplies charges to be sequentially cumulated in positive and negative directions in accordance with the AC input signal.

Abstract: In a CPU, a FET is turned off and power is not supplied to a power supply element of a transceiver for a period of time until predetermined initialization processing, which is implemented in a peripheral device when power is supplied via a cable from a host PC, has been concluded (i.e., a period of time until it becomes possible for the peripheral device to initiate data communication with the host PC). Thus, even if the peripheral device and the host PC are physically connected by a cable, data signals transmitted along signal lines are not relayed by the transceiver to a logic controller, whereby it in effect becomes possible to set the peripheral device in a pseudo-non-connected state with respect to the host PC.

Abstract: A developer composition having improved noise signal ratio in an optical toner concentration sensing system, including a toner having a first diffuse reflectivity and a carrier having a second diffuse reflectivity wherein the difference between the first diffuse reflectivity and the second diffuse reflectivity is substantially high.

Abstract: A universal voltage fuser heater lamp is described for use in either United States or European markets having different voltage standards. The fuser lamp comprises first and second filaments having equal resistance and a switching mechanism for connecting a power supply to the fuser lamp. The switching mechanism connects the first and second filaments in a parallel configuration when the voltage is 120 Volts and connects the first and second filaments in series when the voltage is 240 Volts from the power supply.

Abstract: An image collating apparatus comprises a device for setting a plurality of predetermined paths in a reference image and accumulating pixel values in the paths with respect to the plurality of paths to obtain a projected waveform or histogram of the reference image; a device for setting the plurality of predetermined paths in a check image and accumulating the pixel values in the paths with respect to the plurality of paths to obtain the projected waveform or histogram of the check image; a device for generating information of a characteristic value as reference characteristic value information based on the projected waveform or histogram of the reference image; a device for generating the information of the characteristic value as check characteristic value information based on the projected waveform or histogram of the check image; and a device for collating the reference image with the check image based on the reference characteristic value information and check characteristic value information.

Abstract: A seamed flexible belt having a substrate and a seam having interlocking seam members, wherein the interlocking seam members are held together by an adhesive having a polymer and plasticizer other than bis(dihydroxy diethylamino) triphenyl methane, bis(diethylamino) triphenyl methane, or dihydroxy tetraphenyl biphenylene diamine, for use in electrostatographic, contact electrostatic, digital and other like machines.

Abstract: A paper-conserving method for printing a document, which includes determining the number of pages in a document to be printed and automatically selecting a paper conserving print layout for the document when at least two pages are detected. When the document has two or more pages, the layout includes duplexing. When the document has 3 or more pages, the layout will be N-up, where N has a value of at least 2.