Abstract: A processor-implemented method includes: generating first input data comprising phase information of an input image; generating second input data in which lens position information is encoded; and determining position information of a lens corresponding to autofocus by inputting the first input data and the second input data to a neural network model.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having first and second regions; a first stack structure including lower gate electrodes stacked in a first direction in the first region; a first channel structure penetrating through the first stack structure; a second stack structure on the first stack structure and the first channel structure and including upper gate electrodes stacked in the first direction; a second channel structure penetrating through the second stack structure; a first mold structure including lower horizontal sacrificial layers stacked in the second region; an alignment structure penetrating through the first mold structure; and a second mold structure on the first mold structure and the alignment structure and including upper horizontal sacrificial layers stacked, wherein the number of the lower horizontal sacrificial layers is less than the number of the lower gate electrodes.

Abstract: An actuator for optical image stabilization, includes a fixed frame having an internal space; a moving frame, accommodated in the internal space, configured to linearly and rotatably move on a plane perpendicular to an optical axis; a first ball member disposed between the fixed frame and the moving frame; a first driver, disposed on the moving frame and the fixed frame, configured to provide a driving force to the moving frame; a plurality of magnetic bodies disposed on the fixed frame to generate attractive force with respect to the first driver disposed on the moving frame; a sensor substrate having a portion coupled to the moving frame to be movable, together with the moving frame, and another portion coupled to the fixed frame; and an image sensor disposed on the portion of the sensor substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a memory device which a memory cell array including a plurality of memory blocks, a voltage generator configured to generate an erase voltage and row line voltages to be provided to a target block from among the plurality of memory blocks, in which an erase operation is to be performed, and control logic configured to control the memory cell array and the voltage generator. The voltage generator is configured to provide the erase voltage to at least one of a bit line and a common source line connected with the target block and to provide the row line voltages to row lines connected with the target block, and the control logic is configured to change a slope of the erase voltage and a floating time of at least one row line among the row lines depending on a program/erase cycle.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a pixel array including a plurality of sensing pixels each configured to convert a received light signal into an electrical signal; a readout circuit configured to convert the electrical signals into image data and output the image data; and a bad pixel correction circuit configured to: input, to a neural network, first input data comprising a first cluster bad pixel of the image data in a first direction to generate a first corrected pixel data, and flip second input data comprising a second cluster bad pixel of the image data in a second direction to generate third input data, and input, to the neural network, the third input data to generate a second corrected pixel data.

Abstract: A semiconductor package, includes: a base chip having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface, the base chip including bump pads, wafer test pads, and package test pads, disposed on the front surface; connection structures disposed on the front surface of the base chip and connected to the bump pads; and semiconductor chips stacked on the back surface of the base chip, wherein each of the wafer test pads is smaller than the package test pads.

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of a skin surface when a user comes into contact with a main body of the electronic device; a first heating element spaced apart from the first temperature sensor by a first predetermined distance; a second temperature sensor spaced apart from the first heating element by a second predetermined distance and configured to measure a second temperature inside the main body; and a processor configured to: estimate heat flux based on the first temperature and the second temperature; estimate a blood perfusion rate of the user based on a temperature of the first heating element and the first temperature, and estimate a core body temperature of a user based on the first temperature, the estimated heat flux, and the estimated blood perfusion rate.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device having enhanced operation performance by utilizing a cut region where a gate cut is implemented. There is provided a semiconductor device comprising a first active pattern, a second active pattern, a third active pattern, and a fourth active pattern, all of which extend in parallel in a first direction, and are arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a first gate electrode extended in the second direction on the first to fourth active patterns a first cut region extended in the first direction between the first active pattern and the second active pattern to cut the first gate electrode and a second cut region extended in the first direction between the third active pattern and the fourth active pattern to cut the first gate electrode, wherein one or more first dimensional features related to the first cut region is different from one or more second dimensional features related to the second cut region.

Abstract: Provided is a method performed by at least one processor, including: obtaining a content search term, the content search term including a first plurality of search keywords; performing a search for a plurality of contents using the first plurality of search keywords; extracting, based on no result of the search, a second plurality of search keywords from the first plurality of search keywords, wherein the second plurality of search keywords exclude keywords that are not included in a first keyword set, and the first keyword set includes keywords extracted from the plurality of contents; and performing a search for the plurality of contents using the second plurality of search keywords.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a sensor substrate including a plurality of pixels for sensing incident light, and a nano-photonic microlens array including a plurality of nano-photonic microlenses corresponding respectively to the plurality of pixels, wherein each of the plurality of nano-photonic microlenses includes a plurality of nano-structures that are arranged two-dimensionally to condense incident light onto corresponding pixels, and a gap between two nano-structures that are arranged directly facing each other across a boundary between two adjacent nano-photonic microlenses is greater than an arrangement period of the plurality of nano-structures in each of the plurality of nano-photonic microlenses.

Abstract: An apparatus with region of interest (ROI) extraction includes: a processor configured to: generate an input image by distorting an original image comprising one or more objects; determine, based on the original image, a quality score of the input image using a machine learning model that is trained based on a mean opinion score (MOS) dataset; generate a class activation map for the input image based on the quality score of the input image; and extract an ROI from the original image based on the class activation map.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate including first and second surfaces facing each other, and including at least one opening penetrating the first and second surfaces; an inspection array disposed on the first surface and exposed on the second surface by the opening; a pixel circuit layer disposed on the first surface and including at least one transistor and an outer line; and a display element layer disposed on the pixel circuit layer and including a light emitting element electrically connected to the transistor. The inspection array is electrically connected to the outer line.

Abstract: The disclosure provides computer-implemented method for training a vision-language machine learning, ML, model to classify images depicting novel or known classes. The method comprises obtaining a first training dataset comprising a plurality of class names and training the vision-language ML model. The training method comprises: generating at least one augmented textual prompt; inputting the at least one augmented textual prompt into a frozen text encoder; outputting a first text embedding for each augmented textual prompt; generating a plurality of first inputs by concatenating each learnable soft prompt from a plurality of learnable soft prompts; inputting the class names and the plurality of first inputs into the frozen text encoder; outputting a second text embedding for each first input; and minimizing a cross-entropy text-to-text loss between the first text embeddings and the second text embeddings.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: an antenna radiator; a radio frequency (RF) circuit configured to process a RF signal; a feeding line electrically connecting the antenna radiator with the RF circuit; a plurality of points including one or more first points and one or more second points, the plurality of points being positioned on the feeding line; a switch circuit electrically coupled to the plurality of points, the switch circuit being disposed in a parallel structure with respect to the feeding line; a first lumped element disposed between the one or more first points and the one or more second points; and a second lumped element disposed between the one or more first points and at least one first terminal included in the switch circuit.

Abstract: Provided is a method for recording a task including: recording a task using robotic process automation (RPA) solution; sequentially obtaining each event included in an event sequence generated as a result of the recording, wherein the event sequence includes information about a type of user manipulation, information about a target object position, and information about a target object type; correcting the target object type of the obtained event using the target object position of the obtained event; reproducing the obtained event using the target object position of the obtained event and a corrected target object type of the obtained event; and repeating the obtaining, the correcting, and the reproducing until an event included in the event sequence is exhausted.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a pixel separation part in the substrate, the pixel separation part separating a plurality of pixels from each other, the plurality of pixels including first to fourth pixels in a clockwise direction, the pixel separation part including a first part between the first and second pixels, and a second part between the first pixel and the third pixel. Each of the first part and the second part includes a first dielectric pattern covering a lateral surface of the substrate, and a first silicon pattern covering a lateral surface of the first dielectric pattern. The second part further includes a second silicon pattern adjacent to a sidewall of the first silicon pattern. The second silicon pattern has a rhombic shape in a plan view.

Abstract: A digital temperature sensor includes a current generation circuit, an oscillation circuit, a conversion circuit and a calculation circuit. The current generation circuit generates a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current and a complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) current. The oscillation circuit generates a first clock signal having a first cyclic period based on the PTAT current and generates a second clock signal having a second cyclic period based on the CTAT current. The conversion circuit generates a first temperature code based on the first clock signal such that the first temperature code decreases as the operation temperature increases and generates a second temperature code based on the second clock signal such that the second temperature code increases as the operation temperature increases. The calculation circuit calculates a difference between the first temperature code and the second temperature code and generates a corrected temperature code based on the difference.

Abstract: A display device that includes a substrate, a display element disposed on the substrate and having a pixel electrode, an emission layer, and an opposite electrode, an inorganic functional layer disposed on the opposite electrode and including a first element, and a thin-film encapsulation layer disposed on the inorganic functional layer, wherein the inorganic functional layer includes a first film and a second film disposed on the first film. In each of the first film and the second film, a stoichiometric ratio of the first element decreases as distance from the substrate increases. The first element may be one of silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), hafnium (Hf), indium (In), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), tantalum (Ta), zinc (Zn), and a combination thereof.

Abstract: A substrate bonding method includes: forming first plasma on a bonding surface of a first substrate at atmospheric pressure by using a mixed gas including an inert gas and water vapor, to thereby perform surface activation treatment on the bonding surface of the first substrate; forming second plasma on a bonding surface of a second substrate at atmospheric pressure by using the mixed gas, to thereby perform surface activation treatment on the bonding surface of the second substrate; bonding the bonding surface of the first substrate and the bonding surface of the second substrate to each other; and moving each of the first substrate and the second substrate at a constant speed in a region above a linear reactor in which the first plasma and the second plasma are formed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active pattern including a lower pattern extending in a first direction, and a plurality of sheet patterns spaced apart from the lower pattern in a second direction. The sheet patterns include an uppermost sheet pattern and a plurality of gate structures on the lower pattern and spaced apart from each other in the first direction. Each of the plurality of gate structures includes a gate electrode and a gate insulating film and a source/drain pattern between adjacent ones of the plurality of gate structures. Each of inner gate structures includes a gate electrode and a gate insulating film. A semiconductor liner film includes silicon-germanium, and contacts the gate insulating film of each of the inner gate structures. A portion of the semiconductor liner film protrudes upwardly in the first direction beyond an upper surface of the uppermost sheet pattern.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a redistribution structure, a semiconductor chip on the redistribution structure, a conductive filler between the redistribution structure and the semiconductor chip and connecting the redistribution structure to the semiconductor chip, and a support post between the redistribution structure and the semiconductor chip, the support post being spaced apart from the conductive filler, where the support post includes a first post on a top surface of the redistribution structure, and a second post including a first end connected to the first post and a second end oriented toward the semiconductor chip and supporting the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A digital noise coupling circuit includes: an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to convert a quantization error, generated in a process of converting a first analog signal into a first digital signal, into a first digital error signal; a delay cell comprising delay elements configured to delay a transmission of the first digital error signal based on a clock signal; and a digital-to-analog (DA) conversion circuit configured to perform, in an analog domain, noise shaping on the first digital error signal that is delayed and transmitted from the delay cell.

Abstract: A semiconductor package is provided and includes: a first redistribution structure including a first redistribution pattern and a first redistribution insulating layer, wherein the first redistribution pattern includes a first redistribution via extending in a vertical direction within the first redistribution insulating layer; a second redistribution structure on the first redistribution structure and including a second redistribution pattern and a second redistribution insulating layer, wherein the second redistribution pattern includes a lower redistribution pad at a lower surface of the second redistribution insulating layer; a first semiconductor chip on the second redistribution structure; and a second semiconductor chip on the first semiconductor chip.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a first chip and a second chip. The first chip includes a first substrate including photoelectric conversion parts and a back-side insulating layer covering a first surface of the first substrate. The second chip, which is disposed adjacent the first chip, includes circuits configured to drive the first chip. The back-side insulating layer may include a fixed-charge layer, a refractive index adjusting layer, and a capping layer, which are sequentially disposed on the first surface of the first substrate. The refractive index adjusting layer may include a first element, a second element, and oxygen. A conduction band minimum of an oxide of the second element may be higher than a conduction band minimum of an oxide of the first element.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method for correcting a profile image in an online communication service including extracting emotion information of a terminal user based on user input information and correcting a profile image of the terminal user based on the extracted emotion information

Abstract: Provided is a method for providing a speech bubble in a video conference. The method is performed by a user terminal and includes: receiving a first speech text converted from a voice signal of a first conference participant participating in a video conference into text; determining whether to activate a cartoon mode; displaying, based on determining to activate the cartoon mode, a conference screen including a first participant object and a first speech bubble, wherein the first participant object indicates the first conference participant and the first speech bubble is generated using the first speech text; and displaying, in response to a user input to select the first speech bubble, a sequence of speech texts of the video conference, the sequence including a speech text corresponding to the first speech bubble.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cooler configured to adjust a temperature inside the refrigerator, and a processor configured to obtain type information of an object in the refrigerator and current temperature information of the object, compare a current temperature of the object with a first temperature of the object based on the type information and the current temperature information, and based on identifying that the current temperature of the object is higher than the first temperature, identify a first time for the temperature of the object inside the refrigerator to reach the first temperature based on a first setting temperature inside the refrigerator. Based on identifying that the current temperature of the object is lower than the first temperature, identify a second time for the temperature of the object to reach the first temperature after the object is removed.

Abstract: A method for sharing data in a transmitting-side electronic device communicating with a receiving-side electronic device is provided. The method includes connecting a voice call with the receiving-side electronic device; obtaining a sharing object to be shared with the receiving-side electronic device; and transmitting data corresponding to the sharing object to the receiving-side electronic device through a data session formed based on information related to the voice call.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells coupled to wordlines and bitlines, a target row refresh logic configured to perform a refresh operation based on a weighted access count on the memory cell array, a register configured to store a weighted access count for each of a plurality of row addresses; an accumulator configured to accumulate a current weighted access count corresponding to an access spacing to the weighted access count stored in the register, and a calculator configured to calculate the access spacing.

Abstract: A method for providing a core conversation preview of an unread conversation, the method being performed by at least one processor and includes: determining, in response to an input for a first chat room in a list of chat rooms, at least one core conversation of unread conversations included in the first chat room; and displaying a preview window comprising the at least one core conversation.

Abstract: A memory device includes a multi-phase clock generator configured to generate first to N-th clock signals having N different phases based on a clock signal from the memory controller, and a monitoring clock signal generator configured to generate a monitoring clock signal having a logic state corresponding to a data pattern in synchronization with edges of the first to N-th clock signals, wherein the monitoring clock signal includes a first monitoring clock signal configured to detect a skew between the first and third clock signals in a first step of a training operation, a second monitoring clock signal configured to detect a skew between the second and fourth clock signals in a second step of the training operation, and a third monitoring clock signal configured to detect a skew between the first and second clock signals in a third step of the training operation.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic apparatus configured to operate a communication interface in an access point (AP) mode, based on first AP information, and based on at least one external device being communicatively connected during operation of the communication interface in the AP mode, transmit, through the communication interface, second AP information different from the first AP information to the at least one external device.

Abstract: Provided are memory devices and memory systems. The memory device includes a memory cell array in a first semiconductor layer and including word lines stacked in a first direction, and channel structures passing through the word lines in the first direction; a control logic circuit in a second semiconductor layer located below the first semiconductor layer in the first direction; and a physical unclonable function (PUF) circuit including a plurality of through electrodes passing through the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and configured to generate PUF data according to resistance values of the plurality of through electrodes, and generate the PUF data based on a node voltage between through electrodes connected in series, among the plurality of through electrodes.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method of interlinking a first video conference system and a second video conference system for combining and transmitting voice signals of a plurality of users in a video conference system interlinking apparatus including a plurality of video sharing units including receiving second video conference data of a plurality of users from the second video conference system and transmitting voice data including combined voices of two or more users, among the transmitted second video conference data, through a single one of the plurality of video sharing units.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory cell array, and a page buffer circuit including a plurality of page buffers selectively connected to memory cells via a plurality of bit lines, each of the plurality of page buffers including a sensing node. The sensing nodes may be charged to different levels during verification of programming states of the memory cells. For example, a first sensing node of a first page buffer connected to a first memory cell targeted for programming to a first program state from among the plurality of page buffers is precharged to a first level in a first precharge period during verification of the first program state. A second sensing node of a second page buffer connected to a second memory cell targeted for programming to a second program state charged to a second level during verification of the second program state, wherein the second level is different from the first level.

Abstract: A lithium garnet material has the formula Li7-wLa3-x(Ax1Bx2Cx3)Zr2-y(Cy1Dy2Ey3)O12, where ?0.2?w?0.2, A is one or a combination of Na+ and K+, B is one or a combination of two or more of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+, and C is one or a combination of two or more of Y3+, Sc3+, and Ce3+ on the La3+ site, and D is one or a combination of two or more of Si4+, Sn4+, Ti4+, and Ce4+ and E is one or a combination of two or more of Sb5+, Bi5+, Ta5+, and Nb5+ on the Zr4+ site, 0<x<2, 0<y<2, and x1+x2+x3=x and y1+y2+y3=y either satisfy a charge balance mechanism with their respective doping site or satisfy any combination that maintains the charge neutrality of the material.

Abstract: A memory device includes a test mode detector circuit that determines whether the memory device has entered a test mode based on at least one test mode entry signal received through at least one pin of a plurality of pins and generates a test mode detection signal, and a test pad connection circuit that electrically couples a first pin of the plurality of pins to a dedicated test pad of the test mode such that a signal applied to the first pin is transmitted to the dedicated test pad based on the test mode detection signal.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and a third pixel electrode spaced apart from each other on a substrate, a pixel-defining layer including a first opening, a second opening, and a third opening, wherein the first opening exposes a central portion of the first pixel electrode, the second opening exposes a central portion of the second pixel electrode, and the third opening exposes a central portion of the third pixel electrode, wherein an area of the second opening is less than an area of the third opening, and a first distance between the first opening and the second opening is greater than a second distance between the first opening and the third opening.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a processor configured to execute instructions, and a memory storing the instructions, which when executed by the processor configure the processor to generate system error prediction data using an error prediction neural network provided with one of a plurality of log data sequences generated by pre-processing a plurality of log data pieces of component log data of a system. The system error prediction data comprises information of a plurality of system errors occurring at a plurality of respective timepoints.

Abstract: A display device includes a display area and a non-display area; a light emitting element disposed on a display area of a substrate; a dam disposed on a non-display area of the substrate; an encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting element and the dam; a planarization layer disposed on the encapsulation layer; and a sensing electrode disposed on the planarization layer, wherein a thickness of a portion of the planarization layer disposed in the non-display area gradually increases as the portion of the planarization layer is away from the display area.

Abstract: An event processing method performed by at least one computing device is provided. The method may include collecting a plurality of events; grouping at least some of the collected plurality of events based on code values respectively associated with the collected plurality of events, wherein the code values indicate at least one of originating service devices in which the plurality of events have occurred or services provided by the originating service devices; and regenerating the grouped events into a single event.

Abstract: A method for providing a messenger service, which is performed by at least one processor, includes: creating a conversation group by grouping conversations relevant to a first conversation of a plurality of conversations displayed in a chat room; and providing at least one recommended target screen based on a target-relevant word included in the conversation group.

Abstract: A voltage converter, including a switch circuit configured to generate an output voltage by switching an input voltage and a ground voltage based on a driving control signal; an error voltage generator configured to generate an error voltage based on a comparison between the output voltage and a reference voltage; a duty signal generator configured to generate a duty signal having a constant pulse frequency or a modulated pulse frequency, based on a result of the comparing; and a driving controller configured to generate the driving control signal based on the duty signal.

Abstract: A display apparatus for minimizing image quality deterioration occurring due to external light includes a first pixel electrode arranged on a substrate, a pixel-defining layer arranged on the substrate, covering an edge of the first pixel electrode, and including a 1-1st pixel opening exposing a portion of the first pixel electrode, a spacer layer arranged on the pixel-defining layer and including a 2-1st pixel opening corresponding to the 1-1st pixel opening and exposing the portion of the first pixel electrode, and a first color filter layer arranged on the first pixel electrode and selectively transmitting light of a first wavelength range. In a plan view, a first length between an edge of the 1-1st pixel opening and an edge of the 2-1st pixel opening in a direction corresponds to the first wavelength range.

Abstract: Provided are a method for generating a summary and a system therefor. The method according to some embodiments may include calculating a likelihood loss for a summary model using a first text sample and a first summary sentence corresponding to the first text sample, calculating an unlikelihood loss for the summary model using a second text sample and the first summary sentence, the second text sample being a negative sample generated from the first text sample, and updating the summary model based on the likelihood loss and the unlikelihood loss.

Abstract: A light emitting display device includes a first display area; and a second display area disposed on an external side of the first display area, wherein the second display area includes a pixel driver, a main light emitting diode electrically connected to the pixel driver, and an additional light emitting diode electrically connected to the main light emitting diode, the additional light emitting diode overlaps a peripheral driver that generates signals provided to the pixel driver, the main light emitting diode and the additional light emitting diode each include a first electrode, an emission layer, and a second electrode, and the second electrode of the main light emitting diode is electrically connected to the first electrode of the additional light emitting diode.

Abstract: A processing element includes an analog operation circuit configured to receive input data from an input buffer and to generate one or more output currents associated with a multiplication operation of the input data and weights based on a bit-precision of stored weights, one or more analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) each configured to convert the one or more output currents into one or more digital codes, and a digital operation circuit configured to perform an addition operation using the one or more digital codes based on the bit-precision of the weight and to perform a summation operation on a resultant value of the addition operation based on a bit-precision of the input data.

Abstract: A display panel includes first and second pixels each including a light emitting device including a first electrode and a second electrode and a transistor electrically connected to the second electrode, a first insulating layer disposed on the transistor of each of the first and second pixels, a conductive pattern disposed on the first insulating layer and including a first pattern corresponding to the first pixel and a second pattern corresponding to the second pixel and spaced apart from the first pattern, and a separator disposed between the first pattern and the second pattern and contacting a portion of the first insulating layer, which is exposed and not covered by the first and second patterns, to separate the second electrode of the first pixel from the second electrode of the second pixel.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable mediums for playing a plurality of streams. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus includes a decoder configured to decode the plurality of streams, a plurality of buffers divided into a plurality of buffer groups corresponding to the plurality of streams, a first processor configured to acquire one frame, and at least one second processor. The at least one second processor is configured to identify an additional use rate of the first processor sufficient for playing an additional stream, and control the first processor to downscale at least one of the additional stream and each of the plurality of streams, based on a second determination that the additional use rate of the first processor exceeds the available use rate of the first processor.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, and an array of pixels on the substrate, the array of the pixels including a first column in which first pixels emitting first color light and second pixels emitting second color light are alternately disposed in a first direction, and a second column adjacent to the first column. The second column includes third pixels that emit third color light and are disposed in the first direction. The second column includes groups each including two or more third pixels, and a first distance between adjacent third pixels included in a same group group is less than a second distance between adjacent third pixels included in different groups.