Abstract: Broadly speaking, embodiments of the present techniques provide a method for training a machine learning, ML, model to update global and local versions of a model. We propose a novel hierarchical Bayesian approach to Federated Learning (FL), where our models reasonably describe the generative process of clients' local data via hierarchical Bayesian modeling: constituting random variables of local models for clients that are governed by a higher-level global variate. Interestingly, the variational inference in our Bayesian model leads to an optimisation problem whose block-coordinate descent solution becomes a distributed algorithm that is separable over clients and allows them not to reveal their own private data at all, thus fully compatible with FL.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, includes forming a plurality of main gate sacrificial patterns spaced apart from each other on a stacked structure of subgate sacrificial patterns and semiconductor patterns; forming a first insulating layer between main gate sacrificial patterns; removing the main gate sacrificial patterns; removing the subgate sacrificial patterns; forming a main gate dummy pattern in a space from which the main gate sacrificial patterns are removed; forming a plurality of subgate dummy patterns in a space from which the subgate sacrificial patterns are removed; forming a recess under a space where the first insulating layer is removed; forming a source/drain pattern within the recess; forming a second insulating layer on the source/drain pattern; removing the main gate dummy pattern and the subgate dummy patterns; and forming a gate electrode in a space where the main gate dummy pattern and the subgate dummy patterns are removed.

Abstract: A mask assembly includes a frame opening, and a mask sheet. The mask sheet includes a first mask including a first body part having at least one first deposition opening, first coupling portions, each of which protrudes from at least one first side of the first body part, and a second mask including a second body part having at least one second deposition opening, second coupling portions, each of which protrudes from at least one first side of the second body part, The at least one first side of the first mask and the at least one first side of the second mask face each other. The first coupling portions overlap the second coupling portions, respectively.

Abstract: A transistor may include a first insulating layer disposed on a substrate, a dummy layer disposed on the first insulating layer, a semiconductor layer disposed on the dummy layer, the semiconductor layer including a first area, a second area, and a channel area disposed between the first and second areas, a second insulating layer disposed on the semiconductor layer, a gate electrode overlapping the channel area with the second insulating interposed therebetween, a third insulating layer disposed over the gate electrode, a first electrode disposed on the third insulating layer, the first electrode being electrically connected to the first area, and a second electrode disposed on the third insulating layer spaced apart from the first electrode, the second electrode being electrically connected to the second area. The dummy layer may include indium oxide, and the semiconductor layer may include indium gallium zinc oxide.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: one or more processors; a memory storing instructions configured to cause the one or more processors to: install instrumentation points in respective tasks of an application, the instrumentation points including a source instrumentation point installed in a source task and a target instrumentation point installed in a target task, wherein the source task and the target task are configured to execute in parallel on the one or more processors, and wherein each task includes a respective sequence of instructions executable by the one or more processors, and determine a measure of a causal relationship between the source instrumentation point and the target instrumentation point based on observation of a delay in the target instrumentation point induced by a delay amount generated by the source instrumentation point.

Abstract: A receiver includes a first equalizer that receives an input data signal through a communication channel and equalizes the input data signal based on a first control code to generate a first equalization signal, a second equalizer that equalizes the first equalization signal based on a clock signal and a second control code to generate a second equalization signal, a clock data recovery circuit that restores the clock signal based on the second equalization signal, deserializes the second equalization signal, and outputs a deserialized second equalization signal, and a controller that adjusts the first control code and the second control code based on the deserialized second equalization signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing augmented reality (AR) including determining a compensation parameter to compensate for light attenuation of visual information caused by a display area of an AR device as the visual information corresponding to a target scene is displayed through the display area, generating a background image without the light attenuation by capturing the target scene using a camera of the AR device, generating a compensation image by reducing brightness of the background image using the compensation parameter, generating a virtual object image to be overlaid on the target scene, generating a display image by synthesizing the compensation image and the virtual object image, and displaying the display image in the display area.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an analog front end (AFE) circuit including plural modules, and a processor that provides a user interface for a firmware update, determines a target module, of which offset calibration is to be performed, among the plural modules, based on a user input to the user interface, determines a position within in the AFE circuit to which a common mode voltage is to be applied to perform the offset calibration of the target module, and determines an offset calibration sequence including the target module and the position.

Abstract: A display panel includes a transistor, a light emitting device electrically connected to the transistor, a connection wiring electrically connecting the transistor to the light emitting device and including side surfaces, a capping pattern disposed on the transistor and contacting at least a side surface among side surfaces, an upper insulating layer disposed on the transistor and including a first opening that overlaps the at least the side surface, and a pixel definition layer disposed on the upper insulating layer and covering the first opening of the upper insulating layer.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge clamp circuit includes a resistor connected between a first node and a second node, a first capacitor connected between the second node and a third node, a second capacitor connected between a fourth node and the third node, a third capacitor connected between a fifth node and the third node, a first inverter providing a power supply voltage or a voltage of the fourth node based on a voltage of the second node, a second inverter providing an output voltage of the first inverter or a voltage of the fifth node based on the voltage of the fourth node, a third inverter configured to provide an output voltage of the second inverter or the ground voltage based on the voltage of the fifth node.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a microphone. The electronic device includes a display. The electronic device includes a processor. The processor is configured to display, via the display, a screen including a plurality of executable objects. The processor is configured to enable the microphone for the executable object based on an executable object focused on among the plurality of executable objects, and display at least one visual object indicating that the microphone is enabled for receiving an input on the executable object among the plurality of executable objects, via the display. The processor is configured to identify whether a voice signal obtained via the microphone while the at least one visual object is displayed corresponds to a voice command allocated to the executable object. The processor is configured to execute a function of the executable object associated with the voice command, based on the voice signal corresponding to the voice command.

Abstract: Provided is a display panel including a bank layer including a first pixel opening and a second pixel opening, a first light-emitting element disposed in the first pixel opening, and including a first anode, a first organic layer, and a first cathode contacting the bank layer, a second light-emitting element disposed in the second pixel opening, and including a second anode, a second organic layer, and a second cathode spaced apart from the first cathode and contacting the bank layer, and a barrier layer disposed between the bank layer and the first anode, and exposing at least a part of the first anode. The first anode is spaced apart from the bank layer with the barrier layer disposed the first anode and the bank layer on a cross-section.

Abstract: A method of learning a parameter of a sensor filter and an apparatus for performing the method are provided. The learning method may include performing a simulation on a target image for each spectrum of a sensor filter, obtaining an output value by inputting the simulated image to a vision model for a vision task, and learning a parameter of the sensor filter based on a loss between a label of the vision model and the output value of the vision model.

Abstract: A clock gating cell is provided. The clock gating cell includes: an inverter circuit configured to generate an inverted clock signal by inverting a clock signal; a first control circuit configured to receive the inverted clock signal, an enable signal, and a scan enable signal, and output a first internal signal at a first node; a second control circuit configured to receive the first internal signal, the clock signal, the enable signal, and the scan enable signal, and output a second internal signal at a second node; and an output driver configured to receive the second internal signal, and output an output clock signal to an output node and a third internal signal to a third node. The first control circuit and the second control circuit are configured to receive the third internal signal at the third node.

Abstract: A device including a processor configured to generate, for each of plural query inputs, point information using factors individually extracted from a plurality of pieces of factor data for a corresponding query input and generate pixel information of a pixel position using the point information of points, the plural query inputs being of the points, in a 3D space, on a view direction from a viewpoint toward a pixel position of a two-dimensional (2D) scene.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device including a transceiver configured to output a first transmission signal, a first radio frequency (RF) module configured to amplify the first transmission signal obtained from the transceiver to generate an amplified first transmission signal, a first antenna configured to transmit the amplified first transmission signal, and a main coupler provided outside the first RF module along a transmission path between the first RF module and the first antenna, and configured to output a first coupling signal corresponding to the first transmission signal. The first RF module includes at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the first transmission signal, and a switch configured to connect one of a plurality of input ports, including at least one input port connected to the main coupler and configured to receive the first coupling signal output by the main coupler, with an output port connected to the transceiver.

Abstract: A memory device includes: a computing module; and an in-memory computing (IMC) macro comprising: a memory comprising a plurality of bit cells storing pieces of fraction data of a first data set; and an IMC computing module configured to perform an operation between the pieces of fraction data of the first data set read from the memory and pieces of fraction data of a second data set received from an input control module, wherein a plurality of pieces of data included in the first data set share a first exponent, and wherein a plurality of pieces of data included in the second data set share a second exponent.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes: a first redistribution substrate; a semiconductor chip provided on the first redistribution substrate; a molding material molding the semiconductor chip and the first redistribution substrate; and a second redistribution substrate provided on the molding material, wherein the second redistribution substrate includes: at least one redistribution line; a metal pad; and a dielectric layer molding the at least one redistribution line and the metal pad, wherein the dielectric layer includes a marking region on the metal pad, and the metal pad includes a plurality of concave portions.

Abstract: Provided is a cooking appliance including: a main body including a cooking chamber, a door positioned at a front of the main body to open and close the cooking chamber, a camera disposed toward the cooking chamber to obtain a photograph an inside of the cooking chamber, a camera cooling fan configured to intake external air to cool the camera, and an air guide configured to form a flow path such that external air is provided toward the camera by the camera cooling fan. The air guide guides air passed through the camera to be discharged toward a front of the camera cooling fan.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a first redistribution structure including a first redistribution layer and a first redistribution bonding pad, the first redistribution bonding pad electrically connected to the first redistribution layer, a first semiconductor chip on the first redistribution structure, and a second redistribution structure on the first semiconductor chip, the second redistribution structure including a second redistribution layer and a second redistribution bonding pad, the second redistribution layer electrically connected to the second redistribution layer. The semiconductor package includes a bonding wire electrically connecting the second redistribution bonding pad and the first redistribution bonding pad to each other, and a molding layer covering at least a portion the first semiconductor chip, the second redistribution structure, and the bonding wire on the first redistribution structure.

Abstract: An optical system includes: a first lens having refractive power; a second lens having refractive power; a third lens having refractive power and comprising an image-side surface which is convex in a paraxial region; a fourth lens having refractive power; a fifth lens having refractive power and comprising an image-side surface which is concave in the paraxial region; a sixth lens having refractive power; and a stop disposed in front of an object-side surface of the first lens. The first to sixth lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side. A radius of the stop SD and an overall focal length of the optical system f satisfy: 0.2<SD/f<0.6. An aberration improvement effect and high degrees of resolution and brightness may be obtained.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may include a circuit board, an interposer structure on the circuit board, a mold layer, and a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip spaced apart from each other in a first direction on a center region of the interposer structure and electrically connected to the interposer structure. The interposer structure may include a plurality of trenches in an edge region of the interposer structure and extending through the interposer structure. The mold layer may be in the plurality of trenches and may wrap the first and second semiconductor chips. The mold layer may include a penetrating portion in the plurality of trenches and a stack portion on the interposer structure. A bottom surface of the penetrating portion of the mold layer may be on a same plane as a bottom surface of the interposer structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high resolution optical system. The optical system of the present invention includes, sequentially from an object side, a first lens having a positive refractive power and an object-side surface convex toward the object side; a second lens having a negative refractive power and an upwardly concave upper surface; a third lens having a positive refractive power; a fourth lens having a negative refractive power; a fifth lens having a positive refractive power and an upwardly convex upper surface; and a six lens having a negative refractive power and an upwardly concave upper surface.

Abstract: An electronic device includes processing circuitry configured to calculate an intra metric based on cross correlation of first reference signal symbols (RSs) included in a first precoding resource block group (PRG) to which a target resource element (RE) belongs, calculate an inter metric based on cross correlation of one or more second RSs and one or more among the first RSs, the one or more second RSs being included in a second PRG adjacent to the first PRG along a frequency axis of a physical channel, the one or more second RSs being in proximity to the target RE, and the physical channel being received from a base station, compare a first ratio between the intra metric and the inter metric with a threshold ratio to obtain a comparison result, and determine a channel estimation mode with respect to the target RE based on the comparison result.

Abstract: A processor of a wearable device may display, based on identifying a location in a first area based on data of a sensor, a visual object. The processor may be configured to adjust, based on an input indicating selection of the visual object, the state of the camera to a first state for recording media. The processor may be configured to identify whether the location of the wearable device moves to a second area in the first area. The processor may be configured to obtain, based on identifying that the location of the wearable device moves into the second area, media based on the camera of the first state. The present disclosure relates to a metaverse service for enhancing interconnectivity between a real-world object and a virtual object, and the metaverse service may be provided over a network based on 5th generation (5G) and/or 6th generation (6G) communication systems.

Abstract: A polarization film according to an embodiment includes a first wavelength dispersion layer, and a polarization layer that is disposed on the first wavelength dispersion layer. A wavelength dispersion of the first wavelength dispersion layer satisfies both Relational Expression 1 and Relational Expression 2: [Relational Expression 1] 0.81<DSP 450 nm=R 450 nm/R 550 nm<0.83 [Relational Expression 2] 1.15<DSP 650 nm=R 650 nm/R 550 nm<1.17. In Relational Expression 1 and Relational Expression 2, R(?) denotes a phase difference value in wavelength ?.

Abstract: A camera module includes a lens module including a lens barrel accommodating a plurality of lenses disposed along an optical axis, and a lens holder coupled to the lens barrel, a carrier accommodating the lens module, a first driver configured to provide a driving force to move the lens module in an optical axis direction, a first ball assembly and a second ball assembly configured to guide the lens module as the lens module moves in the optical axis direction, a housing accommodating the carrier, and a case coupled to the housing. The case includes a step portion opposing the first ball assembly in the optical axis direction. An upper end of the housing opposing the step portion in the optical axis direction is lower than an upper end of the carrier in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus including a lighting module configured to emit light; and at least one processor configured to determine a color and a brightness of a current scene of content displayed on a display apparatus, and to control the lighting module to emit, in a space in which the display apparatus is located, light with a color and brightness corresponding to the determined color and brightness of the current scene of the content.

Abstract: A semiconductor measurement apparatus may include an illumination unit configured to irradiate light to the sample, an image sensor configured to receive light reflected from the sample and output multiple interference images representing interference patterns of polarization components of light, an optical unit in a path through which the image sensor receives light and including an objective lens above the sample, and a control unit configured to obtain, by processing the multi-interference image, measurement parameters determined from the polarization components at each of a plurality of azimuth angles defined on a plane perpendicular to a path of light incident to the image sensor. The control unit may be configured to determine a selected critical dimension to be measured from a structure in the sample based on measurement parameters. The illumination unit and/or the optical unit may include a polarizer and a compensator having a ¼ wave plate.

Abstract: An operating method of a terminal to communicate with a base station, includes: detecting at least one overlapped third control channel element (CCE) in a plurality of first CCEs included in first search spaces corresponding to a first physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) received from a first transmission and reception point (TRP) of the base station, and in a plurality of second CCEs included in second search spaces corresponding to a second PDCCH received from the first TRP and a second TRP of the base station; determining, based on the at least one overlapped third CCE, object CCEs from the plurality of first CCEs and the plurality of second CCEs; and performing channel estimation of the object CCEs by using a first memory.

Abstract: In an overlay measurement method, an overlay mark having programmed overlay values is provided. The overlay mark is scanned with an electron beam to obtain a voltage contrast image. A defect function that changes according to the overlay value is obtained from voltage contrast image data. Self-cross correlation is performed on the defect function to determine an overlay.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, and a circuit film disposed under the display panel. The display panel includes a base layer, pixels disposed on the base layer, sensors disposed on the base layer, first connection lines disposed on the base layer and electrically connected to the pixels, second connection lines disposed on the base layer and electrically connected to the sensors, first pads electrically connected to the first connection lines, and second pads electrically connected to the second connection lines. The circuit film is electrically connected to the first pads and the second pads through an opening of the base layer, and each of the plurality of second connection lines has a straight shape extending along a first direction.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method includes: generating initial information comprising any one or any combination of any two or more of map information, departure information, and arrival information; generating a plurality of paths by inputting the initial information to a planner ensemble; and training a path distribution estimation model to output a path distribution corresponding to the plurality of paths.

Abstract: A method of operating an IoT device comprising receiving a device change request from an IoT server. The method includes releasing a connection between an Internet-of-things (IoT) device and a first device based on receiving the device change request, switching an operation of the IoT device to a pairing mode to establish a wireless communication link, based on the releasing of the connection between the IoT device and the first device. The method includes establishing a wireless communication link between the IoT device and a second device while the IoT device is in the pairing mode. The method includes identifying whether the second device is associated with the device change request, and receiving information about an access point (AP) connecting the second device and the IoT server from the second device based on the second device being identified as being associated with the device change request.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a current of a battery includes obtaining one or more parameters of a battery including the current of the battery, a voltage and a temperature of the battery, determining a first correction parameter relating to a variation in current due to charging and discharging of the battery, based on at least a portion of the one or more parameters, determining a difference between an electrolyte concentration of an anode surface and an electrolyte concentration of a cathode surface of the battery, based on at least a portion of the one or more parameters, determining a temperature parameter based on the temperature of the battery, determining a second correction parameter relating to a temperature of the battery, based on the difference and the temperature parameter, and determining a correction value for the current of the battery based on the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a communication interface; and at least one processor configured to: maintain an inactivated state of a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) engine, and control a Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) engine in an activated state, generate sync complex data for a terminal device to search for the electronic device, by adding P2P Information Element (IE) data to sync beacon data, and control the communication interface to output the sync complex data using a predetermined cycle in a predetermined discovery window section through a discovery window channel.

Abstract: A camera module includes: a lens module including a plurality of lenses; a housing accommodating the lens module; a reflective member disposed in front of the lens module; an image sensor module to receive light passing through the lens module; and a first light shielding plate disposed in the housing in a space between the lens module and the image sensor module.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate in which a plurality of photo-sensing elements are integrated, an organic active layer on the semiconductor substrate, an interlayer between the organic active layer and the semiconductor substrate, and optionally a color filter layer on the organic active layer. The organic active layer includes a singlet fission material. The interlayer includes a dielectric selected from an oxide, a nitride, oxynitride, fluoride, oxyfluoride, and any combination thereof.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a plurality of lenses disposed along an optical axis from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane of the optical imaging system. The lenses are separated from each other by respective air gaps along the optical axis between the lenses. The lenses include a first lens closest to the object side of the optical imaging system. The conditional expressions 1.5 mm<Gmax, TL<12.0 mm, and 0.15<R1/f are satisfied, where Gmax is a maximum air gap along the optical axis among all of the air gaps, TL is a length of the optical imaging system along the optical axis from an object-side surface of the first lens to the imaging plane, R1 is a radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the first lens, and f is a focal length of the optical imaging system.

Abstract: A circuit includes: an overcurrent limiting (OCL) detector configured to detect whether a level of an inductor current reaches an OCL level and to generate an OCL detection voltage; a control loop circuit configured to generate a reset voltage by comparing a ramp voltage reflecting the level of the inductor current with an error voltage generated based on an operating condition that is out of a preset operating condition; an adaptive OCL controller configured to generate an OCL control current by counting a number of pulses of the OCL detection voltage and a number of pulses of the reset voltage; an oscillator configured to generate an oscillation voltage wherein a frequency of the oscillation voltage varies based on a magnitude of the overcurrent limit control current; and a switching transistor for switching the inductor current based on the oscillation voltage.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having negative refractive power, a second lens having negative refractive power, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens. The first to seventh lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side toward an image side. The third lens and the seventh lens are formed of plastic, and the first lens, the second lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens are formed of glass.

Abstract: A superconducting quantum interferometric device (SQUID) includes: a conductive material region formed on a partial region of a substrate; a first superconducting material layer including a first loop including first and second extension units that are spaced apart from each other to form a proximity Josephson junction and that form a stack structure with the conductive material region; a second superconducting material layer including a second loop including first and second end units spaced apart from each other; and a tunnel Josephson junction formed by a stack structure including a tunnel thin film layer forming and the first and second end units, wherein at least a portion of the second loop forms a stack structure with the first loop.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens having a negative refractive power, a fourth lens having a negative refractive power, and a fifth lens having a positive refractive power. The first to fifth lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side to an imaging plane. One or more lenses among the first to fifth lenses are formed using a glass material.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a fused polycyclic compound and a light emitting device including the fused polycyclic compound. The light emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the emission layer includes fused polycyclic compound, which is represented by Formula 1 and is explained in the specification.

Abstract: A device including processors configured to execute instructions and memories storing the instructions, which when executed by the processors configure the processors to perform an operation for training a transformer model having a plurality of encoders and a plurality of decoders by configuring the processors to identify the batches of training data into a plurality of micro-batches, select layer pairs for the plurality of micro-batches, assemble a processing order of the layer pairs, determining resource information to be allocated to the layer pairs, and allocate resources to the layer pairs based on the determined resource information to be allocated to the layer pairs, dependent con the processing order of the layer pairs.

Abstract: A method of controlling a sound output of a first audio reproducing device that is operable in a simultaneous listening mode with a second audio reproducing device such that, in the simultaneous listening mode, each of the first audio reproducing device and the second audio reproducing device operate to output content sound based on an audio content signal streamed from a corresponding content providing device through a communication connection, according to their respective sound output settings, the method including detecting a conversation request from the second audio reproducing device; controlling the first audio reproducing device to exit the simultaneous listening mode, enter a conversation mode, and change the sound output setting of the first audio reproducing device, in response to detecting the conversation request; and controlling the first audio reproducing device to output the content sound based on the changed sound output setting while operating in the conversation mode.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a condensed cyclic compound, a light-emitting device including the condensed cyclic compound, an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device, and an electronic device including the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electron, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer.

Abstract: A device for gathering image sets includes: N digital cameras including one or more ground truth cameras for capturing high quality ground truth images and one or more target cameras for capturing low quality target images, the N digital cameras being optically coupled via N?1 beam splitters, at least N?1 cameras of the N digital cameras being mounted on automatically adjustable mounts; and at least one computer readable storage device storing instructions executable by at least one processor. The instructions cause the at least one processor to adjust the at least N?1 cameras by actuating the automatically adjustable mounts on which the at least N?1 cameras are mounted; synchronize image capture by the digital cameras; and control the digital cameras to gather sets of N images. The at least N?1 cameras are adjusted based on at least one set of N images of the scene.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a display device includes a pixel circuit layer including a base layer and a pixel circuit disposed on the base layer, and a light emitting element disposed on the base layer and electrically connected to the pixel circuit. The pixel circuit includes a transistor and a storage capacitor including a first capacitor electrode and a second capacitor electrode. The base layer includes a concave portion. At least a portion of each of the first capacitor electrode and the second capacitor electrode is disposed in the concave portion.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first peripheral upper electrode disposed on an insulating layer in a peripheral area, a second peripheral upper electrode disposed on the insulating layer in the peripheral area and disposed closer to the display area than the first peripheral upper electrode, a display separator disposed between the upper electrode of the first light emitting device and the upper electrode of the second light emitting device, and a peripheral separator disposed between the first peripheral upper electrode and the second peripheral upper electrode to realize superior electrical reliability.