Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for whole column imaging detection (WCID) capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF). The apparatus includes a separation capillary having a separation inner diameter and a separation outer diameter; a base, wherein the separation capillary is anchored to the base; an inlet transfer capillary having an inlet inner diameter and an inlet outer diameter; and an outlet transfer capillary having an outlet inner diameter and an outlet outer diameter. The inlet transfer capillary, the separation capillary, and outlet transfer capillary are configured to be in fluidic communication with each other. The separation inner diameter exceeds the outlet inner diameter.

Abstract: Techniques for forming a nanopore in a lipid bilayer are described herein. In one example, an agitation stimulus level such as an electrical agitation stimulus is applied to a lipid bilayer wherein the agitation stimulus level tends to facilitate the formation of nanopores in the lipid bilayer. In some embodiments, a change in an electrical property of the lipid bilayer resulting from the formation of the nanopore in the lipid bilayer is detected, and a nanopore has formed in the lipid bilayer is determined based on the detected change in the lipid bilayer electrical property.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a solid electrolyte, a gas chamber, a reference gas chamber, a pump cell, a monitor cell, and a sensor cell. The gas chamber has a spatial width W0 constant in a width direction W orthogonal to the direction of flow of a gas in a position where the pump electrode, the monitor electrode, and the sensor electrode are provided on the solid electrolyte. An amount of shift ?X1 of a central position O2 of a gap S in the width direction W between the monitor electrode and the sensor electrode from a central position O1 in the width direction of the pump electrode has relationship of ?X1?¼ W1 where the pump electrode has a width W1. In addition, positions ?Y1 of a of a side surface of the monitor electrode and of a side surface of the sensor electrode from the central position O1 in the width direction W of the pump electrode have relationship of ?Y1?½ W1.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for performing analysis of human biological samples are described. Collected biological samples are combined with a substance including nucleic acid complexes and the combined substance is processed using gel electrophoresis. An indication of a detected compound in the biological sample and/or a particular medical condition associated with the detected compound is output from the apparatus.

Abstract: A sensor control apparatus supplies a constant current to an oxygen concentration detection cell when it judges that oxygen concentration is greater than 15% (the concentration of oxygen contained in a measurement chamber is high). The sensor control apparatus detects a first difference voltage generated in the oxygen concentration detection cell as a result of the flow of the constant current to the oxygen concentration detection cell after a predetermined first detection time following the supply of the constant current. The sensor control apparatus detects a second difference voltage generated in the oxygen concentration detection cell as a result of the flow of the constant current to the oxygen concentration detection cell after a second detection time, which is previously set to be longer than the first detection time, following the supply of the constant current.

Abstract: A gas sensor element configured to detect a first component and a second component of a measurement target gas comprises an element body portion, a first detection portion, a second detection portion with a porous region, and an element protection portion. The element protection portion covers the porous region and a region at the front side with respect to the porous region in a normal side face, and covers a part of a region at the front side with respect to the second detection portion without covering the second detection portion in a second detection side face. The element protection portion is formed so as not to cover the second detection portion but to cover the porous portion of the first detection portion.

Abstract: A sensor element includes: a first inner space into which a measurement gas is introduced from outside; a second inner space communicated with the first inner space; a main pump cell constituted by an inner pump electrode facing the first inner space, an external pump electrode on a surface of the sensor element, and a solid electrolyte located therebetween; a measurement electrode facing the second inner space and functioning as a reduction catalyst for NOx; and a measurement pump cell constituted by the measurement electrode, the external pump electrode, and a solid electrolyte located therebetween. The inner pump electrode is a cermet made of an Au—Pt alloy containing Au ranging from 0.6 wt % to 1.4 wt % and ZrO2, and has a thickness ranging from 5 ?m to 30 ?m, a porosity ranging from 5% to 40%, and an area ranging from 5 mm2 to 20 mm2.

Abstract: An electrochemical H2S sensor comprises a housing, an electrolyte disposed within the housing, and a plurality of electrodes in contact with the electrolyte within the housing. The plurality of electrodes comprises a working electrode and a counter electrode. A surface area of the working electrode in contact with the electrolyte is less than a surface area of the counter electrode in contact with the electrolyte.

Abstract: A system that can assess red blood cell AChE activity to provide warning of exposure and possibly inform treatment with medical countermeasures is disclosed. A portable, ideally hand-held, in vitro diagnostic point of care system capable of electrochemically-based detection of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity from an undiluted whole blood sample provides a real-time pre-symptomatic warning of exposure to organophosphorus nerve agent or other poison, such as a pesticide, which informs treatment with medical countermeasures. One preferred version of the invention provides a system that uses highly stable test strips and a lightweight, low power hand-held potentiostat detector. The disclosed invention provides a real-time quantitative assessment of cholinesterase (ChE) enzymatic activity directly from a small whole blood sample for indication of exposure to ChE inhibiting substances (i.e.

Abstract: A sensor element includes: a main pump cell constituted by an inner pump electrode facing a first inner space into which a measurement gas is introduced, an external pump electrode provided on an element surface, and a solid electrolyte located therebetween; and a measurement pump cell constituted by the measurement electrode facing a second inner space which is communicated with the first inner space and functioning as a reduction catalyst for NOx, and a solid electrolyte located therebetween. The inner pump electrode has a planar shape in which two parts of a front end part relatively having a large area and a rear end part relatively having a small area are sequentially connected in this order from an upstream side in a longitudinal direction of the sensor element while satisfying requirements of a predetermined size and area.

Abstract: A system includes a system housing including an inlet, at least one gas sensor responsive to a first analyte gas other than oxygen within the system housing and in fluid connection with the inlet, and a sensor responsive to oxygen within the system housing and in fluid connection with the inlet. The sensor responsive to oxygen is formed to be chemically separate from the at least one gas sensor responsive to the first analyte gas other than oxygen. The sensor responsive to oxygen is responsive to a change in the concentration of oxygen arising from creation of a driving force in the vicinity of the inlet to provide an indication of a state of a transport path between the inlet of the system and the at least one gas sensor responsive to the first analyte gas other than oxygen.

Abstract: A method for evaluation of deleterious phase content and distribution in stainless steels and nickel-based alloys based on the correlation between measured open circuit potentials and volume fraction of deleterious phases is disclosed, in conjunction with a portable equipment and apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A reference electrode which is stable over a wide range of temperatures, pressures and chemical conditions is provided. The subject reference electrode according to the present invention comprises a tubular enclosure composed of quartz having a distal, closed end and a proximal, open end. An insulating ceramic rod is seemingly connected to the opening in the closed distal end of the enclosure to form micro-cracks between the ceramic rod and the quartz enclosure (called a cracked junction, CJ). The CJ gives a very tortuous path for ion conduction from inside the reference electrode (RE) to a working electrode (WE). Inside the tubular enclosure is an electrical lead (e.g., a silver wire) disposed in an electrolyte comprising a mixture of alkaline metal salts (e.g., AgCl and KCl), extending from the electrolyte upward through a sealing means at the proximal end of the quartz enclosure.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of determining the presence of acute cerebral ischaemic disorder in a subject comprising: a. measuring the concentration of one or more purines in a body fluid of the subject, the purines being selected from adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and ATP, and b. comparing the measured concentration with a threshold concentration of the one or more purines, wherein the threshold concentration is preferably in the range 5 ?M to 15 ?M and wherein a measured concentration higher than the threshold concentration indicates the presence of acute ischaemic disorder. Also is described a method of determining the absence of an acute cerebral disorder in a subject comprising: a. measuring the concentration of one or more purines in a body fluid of the subject, the purines being selected from adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and ATP, and b.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of determining a predisposition to a condition associated with ATP depletion, such as an ischaemic event, in a subject comprising: a. measuring the concentration of one or more purines in a body fluid of the subject, the purines being selected from adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and ATP, and b. comparing the measured concentration with a threshold concentration of the one or more purines, wherein the threshold concentration is preferably in the range 2 [micro]M to 8 [micro]M and wherein a measured concentration higher than the threshold concentration indicates the presence of ischaemia.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for applying a dielectrophoretic force on a particle include: a cell defining at least one channel for confining the particle; and a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from the first electrode, at least one of the first and second electrodes being formed from a two-dimensional (2D) material providing an atomically sharp edge. The first and second electrodes are arranged sufficiently close to one another and sufficiently close to the channel such that application of a sufficient voltage across the first and second electrodes generates an electric field in at least part of the channel, the electric field having an electric field gradient sufficient to apply the dielectrophoretic force on the particle in the channel.

Abstract: A magnesium sensing membrane is disclosed for use in a potentiometric ion selective electrode that exhibits improved stability upon exposure to surfactant-containing reagents. Kits containing same are disclosed, along with methods of production and use of the magnesium sensing membrane.

Abstract: A mixed-potential gas sensor includes: a first sensing electrode containing a Pt—Au alloy and a second sensing electrode containing Pt, the first and second sensing electrodes being provided on a surface of a sensor element made of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte on one leading end part side; a reference electrode provided inside the sensor element to be made contact with air; a protective cover that surrounds the one leading end part of the sensor element and into which measurement gas flows; and concentration identification element configured to identify a concentration of a sensing target gas component based on potential differences between both of the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode and the reference electrode. The first and second sensing electrodes are disposed so that the measurement gas flowing into the protective cover reaches the first sensing electrode earlier than the second sensing electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a solid-contact ion-selective electrode having a high potential stability and potential reproducibility. The ion-selective electrode includes an ion sensitive film having a Group-1 element ion, a Group-2 element ion, a hydronium ion or an ammonium ion as a target ion, an ion occluding material layer, and a conductive electrode, wherein the ion occluding material contained in the ion occludes material layer occluding the target ion, the ion occluding material being a Prussian blue analog represented by the structure formula AaMx[M?(CN)6]y?z.kH2O. Herein, A is one type or a plurality of types of Group-1 elements, Group-2 elements, hydronium, or ammonium; M and M? are one type or a plurality of types of transition metals; M or M? includes at least one of nickel, cobalt, copper, silver, and cadmium; ? is a vacancy in a porous coordination polymer; x and y are greater than zero; and a, z, and k are numbers equal to or greater than zero.

Abstract: A microfluidic system includes: an electro-wetting on dielectric (EWOD) cartridge having an element array configured to receive liquid droplets, the element array including individual array elements each including array element circuity comprising sensing circuitry that is integrated into the array element circuitry; a microfluidic instrument that is configured to receive the EWOD cartridge and having an electrically conductive locator that is external to the EWOD cartridge; and a control system configured perform electrowetting operations by controlling actuation voltages applied to the element array to perform manipulation operations as to liquid droplets present on the element array. The control system further is configured to read an output from the sensing circuitry, determine a position of the locator relative to the element array based on the output, and determine a misalignment of the EWOD cartridge relative to the microfluidic instrument based on the position of the locator.