Abstract: A digital broadcast transmitting/receiving system and a method for processing data are disclosed. The method for processing data may enhance the receiving performance of the receiving system by performing additional coding and multiplexing processes on the traffic information data and transmitting the processed data. Thus, robustness is provided to the traffic information data, thereby enabling the data to respond strongly against the channel environment which is always under constant and vast change.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method for determining a leading subscriber in a network consisting of a plurality of network elements, with initially the same privileges and tasks is provided. A request message is sent to all network elements, the request message being marked by a sequence number taken randomly from a first set of numbers. Request messages sent by the remaining network elements over a pre-defined period of time are receive. The sequence number transmitted during the interval is compared with the intrinsic sequence number transmitted during the first stage. If the intrinsic sequence number has the numerically highest value in comparison with all of the received sequence numbers, the network element in question is identified as the leading subscriber.

Abstract: A method for processing packets. The method includes receiving a first packet, wherein the first packet is associated with a first protocol, classifying the first packet using a protocol associated with the first packet, sending the first packet to a first receive ring based on the classification, sending the first packet from the first receive ring to a first virtual network interface card (VNIC) based on an operating mode, sending the first packet from the first VNIC to a first protocol specific virtual network stack (VNS), wherein the first protocol specific VNS is configured to only process packets associated with the first protocol, and processing the first packet by the first protocol specific VNS to obtain a first processed packet.

Abstract: A physical frame is constructed, the physical frame including a medium access control super-frame payload which in turn includes a plurality of medium access control frames. With respect to the constructed physical frame, virtual carrier sense information is set in the plurality of medium access control frame so that a result of carrier sense is identical to another by virtual carrier sense based on the plurality of medium access control frames in the medium access control super-frame payload. The physical frame in which the virtual carrier sense information has been set is transmitted to a destined communication apparatus.

Abstract: A distributed switching system comprising a call controller, multiple source modules, and multiple destination modules provides circuit switching functionality without using a centralized circuit switch. When a source module of the multiple source modules receives inbound data, the source module broadcasts the data to each destination module of the multiple destination modules via an inbound time slot of multiple inbound time slots. The call controller selects a destination module of the multiple destination modules to process the data and informs the selected destination module of the inbound time slot. The selected destination module then receives the broadcast via the inbound time slot and processes the broadcast data. The distributed switching system further provides for a transfer of data in an outbound direction by allocating an outbound time slot in which the selected destination module embeds tagged data for receipt and forwarding by the source module.

Abstract: An OLT (Optical Line Terminal) having a multicast control unit, which controls connections dedicated for the multicast services, and a plurality of PON (Passive Optical Network) interfaces for accommodating subscriber terminals and each PON interface is provided with a unicast dedicated port for the unicast communication. When the multicast data packets are received at the multicast control unit, it identifies every PON interfaces as distribution destinations of those packets with referring to a pre-defined table and distributes first copied packets to respective identified PON interfaces. In each PON interface, it identifies every subscriber terminals as transmission destinations of the distributed multicast data packets with referring to another pre-defined table, and the second copied multicast data packets are multiplexed with the unicast data packets and transmitted to the subscriber terminals.

Abstract: A communications system extends over a cellular region formed of a plurality of wireless cells where each cell covers a portion of the cellular region. Each cell has a station which is responsible for communication with the cellular subscriber. In order to for the call to be properly managed in the public cellular domain, responsibility for call handling and processing must first be managed by the public MSC. Call handling with the public MSC for a private cellular subscriber first requires the exchange of information between the two systems. This is facilitated through the exchange of MAP and A interface signaling between the private and public cellular systems. Since this information on the private network is normally transmitted via IP, this information must be converted to standard SS7 based MAP and A protocol signaling in order for the public MSC to process.

Abstract: A wireless communication method in a wireless communication apparatus, which can exchange data with another wireless communication apparatus via a wireless communication, searches for another wireless communication apparatus, and determines a function of the other wireless communication apparatus. The method selects a communication route required to wirelessly communicate with the other wireless communication apparatus in accordance with the function of the other wireless communication apparatus, and communicates data to the other wireless communication apparatus in accordance with the selected communication route.

Abstract: A protocol (and corresponding equipment) for use in communicating between a sending node (11) and a receiving node (12) a frame (10) including a Spare Extension (SE) section conveying values for one or more information element (IE) fields, and also including a New IE Flags IE or other device for indicating to the receiving node (12) whether the SE section includes valid data for each IE in the SE section. A flag indicating whether valid data is provided in the SE section can be used, and also an IE indicating the length of the SE section. The protocol is such that the receiving node (12) treats an IE field value occurring in the SE section as spare bits if the IE field was introduced for a version of a later release of a specification than that according to which the receiving node (12) was implemented.

Abstract: A system including a network interface card (NIC) associated with a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a host operatively connected to the NIC. The NIC includes a default hardware receive ring (HRR), a plurality of non-default HRRs, and a hardware classifier. The hardware classifier is configured to analyze an inbound packet using a destination Internet Protocol (IP) address and to send the inbound packet to one of the plurality of non-default HRRs if the inbound packet is a unicast packet, and to send the packet to the default HRR if the inbound packet is an inbound multi-recipient packet. The host includes a plurality of virtual NICs (VNICs) and an inbound software classifier, that includes a plurality of software receive rings (SRRs) and is configured to obtain inbound packets from the default HRR, and to determine to which of the plurality of SRRs to send a copy of the packet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a packet switching device comprising at least one line card (1 and 2) which device has an output port with a port control (6 and 7) for storage and arrangement of packets in output queues and for generating at least one feedback information unit to inform an arbiter (9) of statuses of the output queues of the output port. The packet switching device also comprises at least one switch card (3 to 5) consisting of a crosspoint matrix and the arbiter (9) for controlling the crosspoint matrix (8).

Abstract: A link aggregation function and maintenance function by MPLS OAM. Identical entry information is stored in plural circuits IF which perform a LA setting. In this way, multiplexing to the same LSP is possible even with different IF. The first network IF is assumed to be OAM ACT, and the second network IF is set to OAM SBY (SBY). OAM frame insertion is performed only by an OAM ACT port. In this way, in an opposite MPLS transmission apparatus, it is possible to prevent CV frame reception above a specified number of frames. Further, a switch forwarding table is set to forward frames from the network side to the first network IF of OAM ACT. The second network IF which was set to OAM SBY does not perform fault detection by CV reception. In this way, incorrect detection of faults due to non-reception of OAM can be prevented.

Abstract: Port input sections generate, when the head flits of a packet are stored in the first and second registers, first and second mediation request signals destined for a desired request destination, and further generate a first notification signal used to notify the presence or absence of the first mediation request signal destined for any request destination. Upon reception of a mediation result signal, the port input sections output the flit from the first register and sequentially forward flits to be stored in the first register and the second register, and the port output sections sequentially output the flit outputted from the first register of any one of the port input sections to the node.

Abstract: Network system and method for facilitating message exchange between mobile subscribers belonging to the same or different public land mobile networks, possibly incorporating different standards. Message exchange between two subscribers of the same or different networks may involve one or more lookups on subscription data, zero or more message transformations, one or more routing decisions including application of costing functions, and, storage and propagation of the message in one or more Core or Intermediary networks. The messages may be of type, among others, SMS (Short Message Service), MMS (Multimedia Message Service), or EMAIL. An aspect of the present invention provides a message routing subsystem that facilitates destination determination and delivery channel selection.

Abstract: A radio terminal (10) and a radio relay (20, 30, 40) perform radio communications therebetween by a radio communications system else than a TDMA system, an interference measurer (13a) measures a degree of interference of each of radio slots constituting a radio channel employed in the radio communications system, a decision maker (13b, 13c) makes a decision, depending on a measurement result of the degree of interference, whether or not the radio communications by the radio communications system is able to be continued, and a switcher (42) switches, as the decision is made of the radio communications by the radio communications system to be unable to be continued, the radio communications system to a radio communications system of the TDMA system.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method for supporting multiple devices on a high speed physical link may be described. An embedded device may assert a link request pin to request to transmit data on a multi-point communications link that may serve a plurality of embedded devices. A controlling device may receive the link request signal. When the controlling device finishes sending data on the link, it may address the plurality of embedded devices in a round robin format and may determine which device asserted the link request pin. The embedded device that asserted the link request pin may send an acknowledgement signal to the controlling device when it is addressed.

Abstract: In general, this disclosure describes techniques of selecting routes for network packets through a computer network based, at least in part, on electrical power procurement arrangements of devices in the computer network. As described herein, there may be a plurality of routes through a computer network from a first device to a second device. Each of these routes may include one or more devices that consume electrical power. A route selection device may make a determination regarding how network packets are to be routed among these routes based, at least in part, on arrangements made to procure the electrical power consumed by the devices along the routes. After the route selection device makes this determination, the route selection device may cause network packets to be routed among these routes in accordance with this determination.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a node comprises an interface to communicatively couple the node to a first channel. The first channel communicatively couples the node to a first neighbor node and a first neighbor's neighbor node in a first direction. When the node is operating in an unsynchronized mode: the node relays, along the first channel, for a relay period, data received from the first neighbor node that was sourced from that first neighbor node and, after relaying the data received from the first neighbor node that was sourced from that first neighbor node and for a block period, the node blocks data received from the first neighbor while the node relays, along the first channel, data received from the first neighbor's neighbor node.

Abstract: Switch and MAC layer components are located at a headend and PHY layer components for connecting a plurality of end-user devices are located remotely at nodes. Using SSMII technology, MAC layer ports can communicate with an equal number of PHY layer interface ports serially. Thus, the MAC layer connects to the PHY layer via fiber links, a separate link being used for each direction of traffic data flow. Information data is encoded along with a frame sync signal and a clock signal into a serial stream for transmission across the network. The serial stream is decoded at the other end, and the frame sync signal is extracted to provided timing functionality. This allows full duplex operation with the MAC layer separated from the PHY layer at distances greater than a few inches. Also, user device status may be monitored at the single switch location.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique for conveying Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (InARP) packets between a source node and an end node. A data path is established through a data communication network between the source node and the end node by exchanging signaling messages between network nodes along the data path. InARP requests are sent through the control address space used for controlling the operation of the network. At the source node, a common path identifier that identifies the data path is encoded into a request that is sent to the end node for identifying a particular data path that terminates at that end node, and for returning a data network address associated with that data path.