Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for the production of a variety of esters, particularly acrylate and methacrylate-based esters, by a transesterification reaction. This objective is achieved by reaction of an ester of a carboxylic or a carbonic acid, in particular of a saturated or unsaturated, typically, a 3 to 4 carbon atom carboxylic acid; with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst comprising the combination of a metal 1,3-dicarbonyl complex (pref. Zn or Fe acetylacetonate) and a salt, in particular an inorganic salt, pref. ZnCl2, LiCI, NaCI, NH4CI or Lil. These catalysts are prepared from readily available starting materials within the reaction medium without the need for isolation (in-situ preparation).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the 3,4-Dicarboalkoxybiphenyl-3?,4?-dicarboxylic acid (including the corresponding acid anhydride) represented by the general formula (1): wherein R11 and R12 each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n represents the number of waters of hydration that is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A method for directly inhibiting proliferation of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, that includes administering to a subject infected with Helicobacter pylori an N-acetylglucosaminyl beta-linked monosaccharide represented by: GlcNAcl-beta-O—Y where Y is an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a carboxyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a water-absorbent polysaccharide including the process steps of bringing into contact an uncrosslinked polysaccharide with a polyphosphate or a polyphosphoric acid as crosslinking agent in the presence of water to form a polysaccharide gel and crosslinking the polysaccharide gel. The invention further relates to a water-absorbent polysaccharide obtainable by this process, a water-absorbent polysaccharide, a composite, a process for producing a composite, a composite produced by this process, the use of the water-absorbent polysaccharides or of the composites as well as the use of polyphosphates.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions that bind to a predicted FK506 Binding Protein 52 (FKBP52) interaction surface on the androgen receptor hormone binding domain, otherwise known as FKBP52 Targeting Agents (FTAs) are provided. These compositions of the present invention are found to specifically recognize the FKBP52 regulatory surface on the androgen receptor and inhibit FKBP52 from functionally interacting with the androgen receptor. Compositions comprising the pharmaceutical composition, as well as methods of use, treatment and screening are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for obtaining lactic acid with a high degree of purity from a fermentative liquor (1) containing sodium lactate, with a view to the production of polylactic acid. The process comprises the unitary operations of centrifugation (101), centrifugal decantation (102), microfiltration (103), ultrafiltration (104), primary filtration in an activated charcoal bed (105), conventional electrodialysis (201), ion exchange columns in a chelating resin bed (202), bipolar electrodialysis (203), ion exchange columns (204), primary evaporation under vacuum (302), secondary filtration in an activated charcoal bed (304), liquid-liquid extraction from the aqueous phase to the organic phase (305), back extraction from the organic phase to the aqueous phase (306), and secondary, atmospheric evaporation (402).

Abstract: Described herein are compounds of formula (I), related compositions, and their use, for example in the formation of ?-amino acids or a precursor thereof such as an ?-aminonitrile.

Abstract: The invention is a method for efficiently preparing alkali cellulose having a uniform alkali distribution therein. More specifically, the invention is a method for preparing alkali cellulose comprising steps of bringing pulp into continuous contact with an alkali metal hydroxide solution in a pipe type contactor to generate a contact mixture and draining the contact mixture; a method for preparing cellulose ether comprising use of the alkali cellulose; and an apparatus for preparing alkali cellulose, comprising a pipe type contactor having at least one inlet port at one end thereof for introducing pulp and an alkali metal hydroxide solution, and an outlet port at the other end for discharging a contact mixture, wherein the pulp and the alkali metal hydroxide solution are moved from one end to the other end while bringing them into contact with each other, and a drainer for separating a cake from the contact mixture discharged from the contactor.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the treatment of intestinal infections. Compositions that include a liquid crystal mixture of an antimicrobial glycerol fatty acid ester and a polyhydric alcohol inhibit the growth of numerous deleterious intestinal pathogenic bacteria, including C. difficile. C. difficile is the causative agent in an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The formulations may be administered orally as capsules or soft gels, or alternatively as a enema, colonic, or rectal suppository. When combined with a probiotic supplement, the liquid crystal combinations reported here are able to treat an intestinal bacterial infection effectively and safely, thus promoting general intestinal health.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a series of compounds useful for effecting purification, in particular for use in purification of synthetic peptides and proteins. The compounds of the invention are particularly efficient at securely anchoring peptides or proteins to a surface and allowing the peptide or protein to become uniformly orientated, thus ensuring that substantially all of the peptide or protein is available for molecular binding to a substrate.

Abstract: A drug composition for treating chronic liver diseases, consists of: Astragalus Astragalosides and Glycyrrhiza Acid by weight ratio of 3˜6:1. By testing and validating with classic animal model, the results confirmed that the drug composition of the present invention can significantly reduce the collagen content of rat liver, and reduce liver fibrosis and liver injury, wherein the effect is better than the effect of each component alone. The drug composition of the two components or ingredients can improve the anti-hepatic fibrosis, effectively prevent liver fibrosis and promote the development of liver fibrosis reversal, and thus can be used for the treatment and prevention of various chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and other illnesses.

Abstract: Biomaterials obtainable by mixing the autocrosslinked derivative of hyaluronic acid (ACP) with the derivative (HBC) of hyaluronic acid crosslinked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) in the weight ratio of between 10:90 and 90:10 as novel fillers.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of removing contaminants from a mixture of a desired product and contaminants by pH adjustments and molecular weight cut-offs. The contaminants include phosphate groups, magnesium sulfate, sodium pyruvate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate groups. The desired product includes nucleotide sugars, glycolipids, LnNT, sialyl lactose, and salts.

Abstract: Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid, tertiary amine (I) and water is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source in the presence of water, water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) are removed and formic acid is removed by distillation from the resulting liquid stream in a distillation apparatus, wherein the stream comprising water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) which have been separated off is separated into two liquid phases, the upper liquid phase is removed and the lower, water-comprising liquid phase is recirculated to the formic acid source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid and salts thereof by new synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: This invention is based in part on the elucidation of new structural conformations and functions of the sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphate synthase (Na/K ATPase), and especially elucidation of new binding sites and interactions. The present invention provides practical applications of several surprising structural and functional relationships between Na/K ATPase and compounds which interact with Na/K ATPase. Disclosure of these structures and relationships provides insight and practical solutions to chemically affecting not only the Na/K ATPase interactions, but also regulators known to be upstream and downstream.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to the novel compounds of formula I, including their salts, which inhibit HIV integrase and prevent viral integration into human DNA. This action makes the compounds useful for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating those infected with HIV.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for producing useful intermediates for the manufacture of NEP inhibitors or prodrugs thereof, in particular NEP inhibitors comprising a ?-amino-?-biphenyl-?-methylalkanoic acid, or acid ester, backbone, such as N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems, compositions and methods for the conversion of lignocellulosic material to recalcitrant cellulose and hydrolyzed sugars and products produced therefrom (e.g., biofuel, nano-fibrillated cellulose). In particular, the invention provides novel fractionation processes configured to integrate production of hydrolyzed sugars (e.g., for biofuel production) and recalcitrant cellulose (e.g., for nano-fibrillated cellulose production) from lignocellulosic material and methods of using the same (e.g., in the production of biofuel and nano-fibrillated cellulose). The invention is also directed to nanocellulose with morphologies of having a less entangled and slightly branched fibril network, and having the same thermal stability as of that of the initial lignocellulose feedstock.

Abstract: There are provided a novel carboxylate compound useful as a blending perfume raw material and having a brisk pine-like odor and a method of producing the same and a perfume composition containing such a carboxylate compound. The carboxylate compound of the invention is represented by a general formula (1): wherein R is an alkyl group having two to four carbon atoms.