Abstract: Provided is a coding control method in a passive optical network (PON). The method includes acquiring data of a service to be coded and a preset codeword length N corresponding to the service to be coded; acquiring a coding mode corresponding to the preset codeword length N in a preset table describing a correspondence between codeword length ranges and coding modes; and coding data of the service by using the coding mode corresponding to the preset codeword length N. Further provided are a coding control apparatus in a PON, a communication device and a storage medium.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for error detection, error correction, and error management by memory devices are described. Programmable thresholds may be configured for a memory device based on a type of data or a location of stored data, among other aspects. For example, a host device may configure a threshold quantity of errors for data at a memory device. When retrieving the data, the memory device may track or count errors in the data and determine whether the threshold has been satisfied. The memory device may transmit (e.g., to the host device) an indication whether the threshold has been satisfied, and the system may perform functions to correct the errors and/or prevent further errors. The memory device may also identify errors in received commands or may identify errors introduced in data after the data was received (e.g., using an error detecting code associated with a command or bus).

Abstract: Built-in-self-test (BIST operations are performed by receiver lanes of a multilane receiver system, wherein at least one receiver lane is configured as a synthesized clock source for other receiver lanes configured to perform BIST operations. The at least one receiver lane configured as the synthesized clock source may generate a clock signal and provide the clock signal to the other receiver lanes performing the BIST operations. In some examples, digital control signals may be used for coordinating the enablement of the at least one receiver lane to function as the synthesized clock source and for coordinating the enablement of the other receiver lanes to perform BIST operations.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for determining locations in memory for boot-up code are described. An indication of one or more timeout durations for a boot sequence is received. Information for the boot sequence is stored in one or more memory cells based on the one or more timeout durations, where the one or more memory cells is selected based on a read latency, an error rate, or a storage-level of the one or more memory cells with relation to the indicated one or more timeout durations. The information for the boot sequence stored in the one or more memory cells is accessed based on an initialization of the boot sequence.

Abstract: The disclosed test circuit includes: an input terminal, a processing circuit, and an output terminal. The input terminal receives an input signal. The input signal includes a test command for indicating a test target circuit module and an address of the target circuit module. The processing circuit responds to the test command and the target. The address of the circuit module determines the test mode signal, the test mode signal carries the test type, the test mode signal is used to trigger the target circuit module to perform the test corresponding to the test type, and the output terminal sends the test mode signal to the target circuit module according to the address of the target circuit module. Thus, the test mode signal can be accurately transmitted to different circuit modules in the memory chip.

Abstract: Computing systems, methods, and non-transitory storage media are provided for determining raw data and additional information from a first storage space to be backed up, obtaining a first snapshot of the raw data and the additional information at a first time, determining one or more parameters of the backing up process based on current or historical network conditions, generate, according to the one or more parameters, a first backup corresponding to the first snapshot at a second storage space, obtaining a second snapshot of the raw data and the additional information at a second time; and generating an incremental backup corresponding to the second snapshot at the second storage space.

Abstract: A host device includes a Host Memory Buffer (HMB) including a plurality of memory areas, each memory area configured to store data provided from a storage device which is in communication with the host device, and a host controller configured to generate reliability information of each of the plurality of memory areas, and in communication with the storage device to provide the reliability information to the storage device.

Abstract: A circuit includes a multipath memory having multiple cells and a plurality of sequence generators. Each sequence generator of the plurality of sequence generators drives one separate cell of the multiple cells via an automatic test pattern generator (ATPG) mode signal for each cell. The ATPG mode signal for each cell is configured via a sequence configuration input that controls a timing sequence to test each cell. The state of the ATPG mode signal of each cell selects whether test data or functional data is output from the respective cell.

Abstract: A semiconductor system includes a controller configured to generate a command and an address for performing a row hammering tracking operation and performing a precharge operation on a bank on which a tracking write operation of the row hammering tracking operation has been completed and a semiconductor device including the bank and a row hammering storage circuit, the semiconductor device configured to count an active number of the bank that is stored in the row hammering storage circuit by performing a tracking read operation of the row hammering tracking operation based on the command and the address, then store, in the row hammering circuit, the active number of the bank that is counted by performing the tracking write operation of the row hammering tracking operation, and perform the precharge operation on the bank based on the command.

Abstract: A memory device may include: a memory bank comprising a first cell mat used as a normal area and a second cell mat used as a row hammer area and a redundancy area; a target address generation circuit suitable for: saving, in the row hammer area, a count of a received address for an active operation on the memory bank by performing an internal access operation on the row hammer area during the active operation, and setting, a particular count which satisfies a preset condition, an address corresponding to the particular count as a target address; a refresh control circuit suitable for controlling a smart refresh operation on the target address; and a column repair circuit suitable for repairing, when a bit line of the normal area has a defect, the bit line of the normal area with a bit line of the redundancy area.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems related to crossed matrix parity in a memory device are described. In an example, a first group of sets of parity data that each protect data stored in a row of memory cells of an array is generated. Further, a second group of sets of parity data that each protect data stored in a column of memory cells of an array is generated. The first set of parity data and the second set of parity data is sent to a host for further ECC processing. The host provides ECC data to the memory device based on the first set of parity data and the second set of parity data. The memory device repairs memory cells or retires memory cells based on the provided ECC data.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein relate to methods and devices for wireless communication including an apparatus, e.g., a node or a base station. In one aspect, the apparatus may receive, via a first set of resources, communication including at least one data packet, the first set of resources allocated for a reception entity of the node. The apparatus may also decode, at the reception entity, the at least one data packet during a decoding period, the decoding period including a decoding start time and a decoding completion time. Additionally, the apparatus may transmit, via a second set of resources, the communication including the at least one data packet to a next hop node, the second set of resources allocated for a forwarding entity of the node, at least one first resource overlapping with at least one second resource.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure are directed to a computation unit implementing a systolic array and configured for detecting errors while processing data on the systolic array. Checksum circuit in communication with a systolic array is configured to compute checksums and perform error detection while the systolic array processes input data. Instead of pre-generating checksums in input matrices, input matrices can be directly fed into the systolic array through the checksum circuit. On the output side, the checksum circuit can generate and compare checksums with checksums in an output matrix generated by the systolic array. Error checking the operations to generate the output matrix can be performed without delaying the operations of the systolic array, and without preprocessing the input matrices.

Abstract: A spectral leakage-driven loopback method for predicting performance of a mixed-signal circuit. The method includes generating, by an on-chip Digital Signal Processor (DSP) core, a digitally-synthesized single-tone sinusoidal stimulus. A nonlinear digital-to-analog-converter (DAC) channel is sampled. A DAC output signal is supplied to a nonlinear analog-to-digital converter (ADC) channel through an analog loopback path. Each of the DAC channel and the ADC channel are measured for a production testing. The on-chip DSP core performs postprocessing and predicting harmonics of the two individual DAC and ADC channels.

Abstract: A storage device controller includes drive controller circuitry configured to control writing and fetching of data from a storage medium, read data channel circuitry for interfacing between the drive controller circuitry and the storage medium, test controller circuitry configured to test the read data channel circuitry by issuing test commands simulating the writing and fetching of data from the storage medium, and selector circuitry configured to switchably couple the read data channel circuitry to the drive controller circuitry in an operating mode and to the test controller circuitry in a testing mode. The storage device controller may include a pattern generator configured to output the test commands. Processor circuitry may be configured to store test results in memory, to compute performance metrics from the stored test results, and communicate the performance metrics to a host device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decoding in which a first failed decode operation is performed on raw bit values of a FEC block by a LDPC decoder. When the FEC block is determined to be a trapped block an updated LLR map is generated; the updated LLR map and either the raw bit values of the FEC block or a failed-decode-output-block from a previous failed decode operation on the trapped block are provided to the LDPC decoder; a decode operation of the LDPC decoder is performed using the updated LLR map on the bit values of the FEC block or the failed-decode-output-block from the previous failed decode operation; and the generating, the providing and the performing are repeated until the decode operation is successful or until a predetermined number of trapped-block-decoding iterations have been performed. When the decode operation is successful in decoding the FEC block the codeword is output.

Abstract: Memory controllers, devices, modules, systems and associated methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a memory module includes a pin interface for coupling to a bus. The bus has a first width. The module includes at least one storage class memory (SCM) component and at least one DRAM component. The memory module operates in a first mode that utilizes all of the first width, and in a second mode that utilizes less than all of the first width.

Abstract: Duplication of files in a storage device of a computing device can be avoided using some techniques described herein. In one example, a system can determine a checksum of a file in a software package. The system can then determine that the file is absent from a storage device by issuing a command for accessing the file based on the checksum. In response to determining that the file is absent from the storage device, the system can download a copy of the file from a remote computing device to the storage device over a network.

Abstract: An LDPC parity check matrix includes a systematic portion having a plurality of systematic elements and a parity portion having a plurality of parity elements. The value of each systematic element determines a cyclic shift to be applied to rows of an identity submatrix corresponding to that element. The value of each parity element determines a cyclic shift to be applied to rows of an identity submatrix corresponding to that element. The weights of two or more columns of the parity portion are the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to detecting command identification (CID) collisions in host commands. Host commands stored in submission queues are supposed to have unique CIDs. The host device selects the CID and attaches the CID to the command. Once the command is executed, the host device may reuse the CID. Sometimes, the host device reuses a CID before a command already using the CID is executed, which is a collision. Rather than search all CIDs to find a collision, redundancy bits can be created for each command, and the redundancy can be the same for multiple pending commands. The redundancy bits can be checked first to see if there is a match, followed by comparing CIDs for only those commands that have matching redundancy bits. In so doing, CID collisions are detected earlier and easier.