Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons suitable for use as gasoline blending components. In the process a mixed hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon fraction containing olefins and an (un)saturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon is brought into contact in the vapor phase with an aluminosilicate having a gallium compound deposited thereon or having gallium ions exchanged with cations therein. The resultant product shows considerable improvement in RON and MON and is therefore ideal for blending with gasoline. Hydrogen is formed as a valuable by-product.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils containing quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named "RCC" (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularyly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion-catalyst regeneration process and apparatus is described for converting residual oils and regeneration of catalyst in two separate low and higher temperature regeneration stages stacked one above the other on the same or different vertical axis to provide catalyst at a temperature above the residual feed psuedo-critical temperature. A CO rich flue gas is recovered from the low temperature regeneration stage and a CO.sub.2 rich flue gas is recovered from the higher temperature regeneration stage. The temperature of the catalyst mixed with the residual oil feed is sufficient to obtain substantially complete vaporization of the residual oil charge. A special arrangement of apparatus is provided in the lower portion of a riser conversion zone to obtain the intimate vaporization contact between residual oil feed and the high temperature catalyst charged to the riser.

Abstract: The fractionation and stripping equipment of a middle distillate catalytic dewaxing unit may be eliminated by integrating the catalytic dewaxing unit with a catalytic cracking unit. The light cycle oil sidestream from the cat cracker fractionator, bypasses the sidestream stripper and serves as the feed to the catalytic dewaxing unit. The dewaxed product is separated into a gasoline fraction which is recycled for fractionation in the cat cracker fractionator and a fuel oil fraction which is recycled to the cat cracker sidestream stripper for removal of light materials to produce a low pour fuel oil meeting product specifications.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the preparation of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture from monoolefins having not more than four carbon atoms by contacting with certain crystalline silicate catalysts having certain ratio of composition to crystallite size to achieve durable selectivity.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided which comprises an ultrastable Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, an alumina-aluminum fluorophosphate and a hydrogenation component. Hydrocarbon hydroprocessing processes utilizing the catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: An improved process for stabilizing catalytically dewaxed hydrocracked lubricating oils to ultraviolet radiation using a nickel-tin catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: Liquid product yields produced by coking a mixture of a shale oil residuum and a petroleum residuum are improved by including in the feed to be coked a hydrogen catalyst.

Abstract: A process is described for cracking a heavy hydrocarbon to form a light oil and for producing hydrogen by the use of a catalyst containing at least 30 wt % Fe which comprises a first step wherein steam and heavy hydrocarbon are simultaneously contacted with the catalyst in a reduced state to produce hydrogen, cracked gases, and a cracked light oil, to oxidize the reduced-state catalyst, and to deposit coke on the catalyst; and a second step wherein the oxidized-state catalyst on which said coke is deposited is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas insufficient for achieving complete combustion of the coke, to thereby partially combust the coke and regenerate the catalyst to a reduced state.

Abstract: The preparation of high quality, e.g., high viscosity index, base lubricating oils and white oils, particularly food grade white mineral oils, of suitable viscosity in high yield from a mineral oil distillate of suitable lubricating oil viscosity comprises contacting the distillate with hydrogen in four catalytic stages. The first reaction stage employs hydrocracking conditions. Subsequent reaction stages employ hydrogenation conditions. The second reaction stage, preferably employs a sulfur-resistant hydrogenation catalyst and produces a product suitable as a high quality lubricating oil base stock. The third reaction stage preferably employs a sulfur-resistant hydrogenation catalyst to obtain further aromatic saturation. The final stage employs a selective hydrogenation catalyst, optionally activated with a halogen, and produces a product suitable as a white oil, preferably a food grade white oil.

Abstract: Metals deposited on an inert contact material during high temperature decarbonizing and demetallizing of heavy petroleum stocks are inactivated by mixing the contact material with a silica donor and reacting the mixture at high temperature in the presence of steam to induce migration of silica from the donor to mask metal on the contact material.

Abstract: Deposits on a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the cracking catalyst with tin and at least one of phosphorus or sulfur.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization, and/or hydrodenitrogenation of organic compounds is carried out in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising zeolite, zinc, titanium, and at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and compounds thereof.

Abstract: For thermally cracking heavy liquid hydrocarbons to produce gaseous olefins comprising a catalytic hydrogenating pretreatment, a separation of the hydrogenation product into a lighter fraction and a heavier fraction; passing the heavier fraction at least in part to a thermal cracking step to produce normally gaseous olefins; and withdrawing the lighter fraction, the improvement wherein the hydrogenation is conducted within the shaded area of FIG. 2, whereby said lighter fraction has a higher octane number.

Abstract: Combustion air, prior to being introduced into the cracking furnace in a hydrocarbon pyrolytic conversion and separation system, is preheated by employing bottom pumparound, top pumparound and/or quench water streams diverting from the primary fractionator externally connected to the pyrolysis reactor in order to optimize the thermal efficiency of the overall process.

Abstract: A novel cracking catalyst, a method of preparing same and an improved hydrocarbon cracking process are provided wherein adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium, iron, copper and cobalt in the cracking catalyst are precluded or mitigated by contacting the cracking catalyst with (A) at least one of elemental antimony and compounds thereof and (B) at least one of element tin and compounds thereof whereby there is added to said catalyst a modifying amount of each of (A) and (B) with the weight ratio of antimony to tin being such as to provide passivation of the contaminating metals greater than the sum of the passivation effects of each of (A) and (B) individually. In general the ratio will be in the range of from 0.001:1 to 1000:1, and preferably will be in the range of 0.05:1 to 50:1.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of phosphorus compounds.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of silicon, alone or in combination with phosphorus and/or aluminum-containing materials or species.

Abstract: Steam dehydrocyclization of paraffinic hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is effected in the presence of catalyst, typically a supported rhodium catalyst bearing copper.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of both aluminum and phosphorus-containing materials or species.