Abstract: A process for selectively converting adsorbable hydrocarbon feeds containing straight-chain and slightly branched-chain hydrocarbons to olefins by contacting the feeds with crystalline silicates.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are subjected to hydrogenation, pressure reduction and separation into liquid and gaseous fractions. The gaseous fractions are purified and desulfurized. Hydrogen-rich components of the gaseous fraction are returned to the hydrogenation stage. Hydrocarbon-rich components of the gaseous fraction and components of the liquid fraction are cracked and fractionated. Residue is partially oxidized with oxygen and steam. Gas produced by the partial oxidation is desulfurized and separated, and hydrogen is returned to the hydrogenation stage. A polymer free fraction of the residue is returned to the feed stock and to the hydrogenation stage, a heavy residue component of the initial liquid fraction is partially oxidized with the residue.

Abstract: Residual fractions from distillation of petroleum are rendered suitable for charge to catalytic cracking by high temperature, short time contact in a decarbonizing zone with fluidizable solid particles of essentially inert character and low surface area to deposit high boiling components of the crude and metals on the fluidizable solid particles whereby Conradson Carbon values and metal content of the hydrocarbon feedstock are reduced to levels tolerable in catalytic cracking and carbon laid down on the inert fluidizable particles is burned in a burning zone separate from the decarbonizing zone. Heated inert particles are recycled at least in part to the decarbonizing zone and then to the burning zone.

Abstract: A cracking catalyst comprising discrete particles of ultra-stable Y-type zeolite and discrete particles of alumina, which particles are dispersed in a porous oxide matrix to produce a catalyst containing 5-40 wt. % ultra-stable Y-type zeolite, 5-40 wt. % alumina and 40-90 wt. % of porous oxide matrix. The cracking catalyst has unusually high activity and selectivity for the production of high octane gasoline fractions from higher boiling point feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon stream such as petroleum distillate and similar hydrocarbon materials by contacting said stream with hydrogen and a catalyst comprising a porous refractory inorganic oxide support and deposited thereon hydrogenation components comprising chromium, molybdenum and at least one Group VIII metal. This process enables improved removal of nitrogen and sulfur, particularly from gas oils.

Abstract: A novel crystalline zeolite composition is prepared by conducting the hydrothermal crystallization and, preferably, a preliminary aging step, at high pressure, i.e. pressures in excess of 20,000 psig (ca 138 MPa) and preferably above about 40,000 psig (ca 276 MPa megaPascals). The crystalline zeolite, designated zeolite HP, has a higher aluminum content than zeolite X and a lattice constant of above about 25.02 A.

Abstract: Catalytic hydrocracking of polynuclear aromatic containing feedstocks is conducted over catalysts comprising zeolites in intimate contact with a nickel-tungsten hydrogenation component. Said zeolites are characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12, a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12 and an alpha value of between about 25 and 200.

Abstract: Steam dehydrocyclization of paraffinic hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is effected in the presence of supported catalyst, typically bearing rhodium and preferably chromium and potassium, and characterized by a pH less than about 8.

Abstract: An improved method for controlling the fluidized dense catalyst phase temperature in the regeneration zone of a fluid catalytic cracking unit. In this method, the level of the fluidized catalyst bed above the riser discharge in the reaction vessel is adjusted in response to a change detected in the temperature of the fluidized dense catalyst phase of the regeneration zone. Adjustment of the catalyst bed level in the reaction zone affects the coke laydown on the catalyst in the reactor and, consequently, the amount of heat liberated in the regeneration zone upon combustion of the coke contained in the partially deactivated catalyst. A reactor bed level is attained where the resulting coke laydown on the catalyst is sufficient to maintain the desired temperature in the fluidized dense catalyst phase.

Abstract: The specification discloses a desulfurization, demetalation and denitrogenation process for coal and coal liquid charge stocks. The process comprises contacting the charge stock in the absence of externally added hydrogen with a hydrogen donor solvent in the presence of a catalytic amount of naturally occurring porous metal ores such as manganese nodules, bog iron, bog manganese, nickel laterites, bauxite or spent bauxite.

Abstract: Hydrotreating and hydrocracking of heavy residual stocks are improved with respect to conversion, product distribution, product quality and system operability by mixing with the heavy charge a substantial proportion of an aromatic light distillate oil (light gas oil) of high nitrogen content.

Abstract: A process and system for vaporizing heavy oil prior to thermal cracking in a TRC system having low residence time on the order of 0.05 to 2 seconds, and at a temperature between 1300.degree. and 2500.degree. F.

Abstract: Small amounts of a promoter comprising palladium and ruthenium enhance the combustion of carbon monoxide within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without simultaneously causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The palladium-ruthenium promoter also enhances the capture of sulfur oxides by suitable absorbents within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The ratio by weight on an elemental metal basis of palladium to ruthenium is from about 0.1 to about 10.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils, particularly oils which have a high boiling temperature, are treated to remove organic sulphur compounds by subjecting a mixture of a hydrogenating gas, e.g. a gas containing at least 90% v/v hydrogen and is substantially free from carbon oxides, and partially vaporized oil to a hydrogenation reaction over a known hydrogenation catalyst and thereafter passing the resulting liquid/vapor mixture which also contains hydrogen sulphide over zinc oxide, thereby to remove the hydrogen sulphide.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named "RCC" (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite Alpha containing platinum-group metal within the zeolite pores as synthesized, thereby providing shape-selective hydrogenation activity. The method comprises synthesizing the zeolite from a reaction mixture of controlled composition including a source of a cationic platinum-group metal complex. Catalysts made with the zeolite synthesized in accordance hereto are stable, both thermally and in the presence of steam, and exhibit beneficial shape-selectivity in catalysis and absorption.

Abstract: A silica-containing material related to zeolites and referred to hereinafter as FU-1 has the composition 0.6 to 1.4 R.sub.2 O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.over 5 SiO.sub.2.O to 40 H.sub.2 O, (where R is a monovalent cation or 1/n of a cation of valency n) and is characterized inter alia by its X-ray diffraction pattern. It can be made by hydrothermal synthesis in presence of methylated quaternary onium compounds. It is useful as a catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion reactions, especially isomerization of xylenes.

Abstract: An improved process is described for the hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oil, such as oils extracted from tar sands. The charge oil in the presence of an excess of hydrogen is passed through a tubular hydrocracking zone, and the effluent emerging from the top of the zone is separated into a gaseous stream containing a wide boiling range material and a liquid stream containing heavy hydrocarbons. According to the novel feature, the charge stock is in the form of a slurry of heavy hydrocarbon oil and finely divided fly ash or high ash coal fines. The presence of this ash in the charge stock serves to greatly reduce coke precursors and thereby prevent the formation of carbonaceous deposits in the reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for cracking a hydrocarbon charge stock using a zeolitic crystalline aluminosilicate dispersed in a porous inorganic oxide carrier material comprising silica, alumina or zirconium and a constituent comprising the ions of one or more rare earths with the weight ratio on a volatile free basis of the rare earth ions to the carrier material being greater than 1.0:100.0. The method of manufacture of the composite comprises mixing a catalyst powder comprising the zeolite dispersed in a porous inorganic oxide carrier material with a solution of a salt of the rare earth, separating a filter cake from the slurry by a means not involving the washing of the filter cake and calcining the filter cake.

Abstract: A process for (i) fluid catalytic cracking in a cracking zone of residuum and other heavy oils comprising gas oil, petroleum residue, reduced and whole crudes, and shale oils with high metals content, (ii) wherein the coke deposits on the used cracking catalyst are reduced in amount by regeneration and wherein (iii) contaminant metals comprising nickel, vanadium, copper and iron deposited on the used cracking catalyst are deactivated in sufficient amount to reduce hydrogen and coke formation during the cracking process whereby the said catalyst is suitable for re-use wherein (A) the catalyst particles are contacted with fresh feed and associated recycle feed, and wherein (B) the feed is cracked in a cracking zone, wherein (C) the used catalyst particles are subjected to alternate exposures of up to 30 minutes in duration of conditions comprising (a) an oxidizing zone at a temperature of above 900.degree. F. wherein molecular oxygen in flue gas emitted from the oxidizing zone is over 0.