Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals such as nickel, vanadium and/or iron that can occur during the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing such metals is disclosed. The process involves an in situ aluminum passivation for conversion catalysts containing an alumina-containing phase by means of soluble aluminum species contained in that alumina-containing phase.

Abstract: A process for the direct catalytic conversion of petroleum residual oils is disclosed wherein said oils, hydrogen and hot solid catalyst particles are contacted to form a suspension in a riser reactor thereby producing lower boiling components with the concomitant removal of impurities, e.g., metals, sulfur and nitrogen,, from the oils. Furthermore, the catalyst particles are regenerated in a partial oxidation mode, i.e. with oxygen and steam present to generate a synthesis gas comprising CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2. Such synthesis gas can be subsequently shifted to produce a H.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 rich gas which could then serve as the hydrogen source in the riser reactor.

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons in at least one reaction zone using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated in at least one regeneration zone to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising a major amount of alumina capable of associating with sulfur trioxide in the regeneration zone and of disassociating with sulfur trioxide in the reaction zone.

Abstract: In a process for converting a high boiling hydrocarbon charge fraction to liquid products of lower boiling range which comprises contacting said charge fraction with a crystalline zeolite characterized by a silica/alumina ratio greater than 12, a constraint index between about 1 and about 12 and an acid activity measured by the alpha scale less than 10, said contacting being conducted at 650.degree. to 850.degree. F., space velocity of 0.1 to 5.0 LHSV and a pressure not less than about 200 psi, the improvement which comprises utilizing, as catalyst, a zeolite of the above character that is prepared by steaming followed by base exchange to substantially eliminate its activity for cracking n-hexane.

Abstract: A hydrocracking process is provided utilizing high surface area metal-containing catalysts prepared by dispersing a thermally decomposable metal compound in a hydrocarbon oil having a Conradson carbon content of up to about 50 weight percent, the thermally decomposable metal compound being added in an amount sufficient to obtain a specified ratio of atoms of Conradson carbon of the oil chargestock to atoms of metal constituent of the thermally decomposable compound, heating the compound in the presence of a gas comprising either hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide to form a solid high surface area catalyst. The metal constituent of the thermally decomposable metal compound may be a metal of Groups II, III, IV, V, VIB, VIIB, VIII or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon conversion catalyst consisting essentially of: (A) a crystalline ZSM-5 zeolitic molecular sieve component substantially free of any catalytic loading metal; and (B) a matrix consisting essentially of (a) a gel selected from silica-alumina, silica-alumina-titania and silica-alumina-zirconia polygels, and (b) a hydrogenating component; and a process using said catalyst.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for cracking a hydrocarbon charge stock using a used FCC catalytic composite comprising a zeolitic crystalline aluminosilicate dispersed in a porous inorganic matrix. Particles of zeolitic crystalline aluminosilicate having diameters less than the diameters of the pores of the composite are impregnated into the composite preferably by contacting the composite with an aqueous slurry of the particles and the evaporating off the water of the slurry.

Abstract: A process for cracking a hydrocarbon charge stock which uses a catalytic composite prepared by mixing a zeolitic crystalline aluminosilicate dispersed in a porous carrier material with a solution of rare earth salt, separating a filter cake from the slurry by a means not involving the washing of the filter cake and calcining the filter cake.

Abstract: Reduction of CO and SO.sub.x emissions from regenerators associated with cyclical fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units used to convert hydrocarbon feedstocks into more valuable products is achieved by introducing particles of bastnaesite into the FCC unit. The bastnaesite particles recycle with the catalyst particles successively through a catalytic cracking reaction zone, a stripping zone, and a regeneration zone. The bastnaesite particles react with SO.sub.x produced in the regeneration zone of the FCC unit, thereby lowering the SO.sub.x content of the flue gas discharged therefrom. In the catalytic cracking and stripping zones of the FCC unit, the bastnaesite particles are at least partially reactivated so that upon returning to the regeneration zone yet more SO.sub.2 is removed. The bastnaesite particles also aid in lowering CO emissions from the FCC regenerator by catalyzing the reaction between CO and oxygen to yield CO.sub.2.

Abstract: Gasoline and a heavier fraction from selective vaporization of crude or residual petroleum stocks are separately supplied to a riser reactor of the FCC type. The crude or resid is contacted at low cracking severity with hot inert solids in a riser. The vaporized product is fractionated to provide a gasoline injected to the bottom of an FCC riser and a bottoms fraction introduced at a higher point in the FCC riser.

Abstract: Ruthenium has been found to be a stereoselective catalyst for the hydrogenation of .alpha.-pinene to obtain cis-pinane.

Abstract: Prevention of detrimental effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron on the activity of cracking catalysts is achieved by contacting the cracking catalyst with manganese selenide. The modifying treatment of the catalyst with manganese selenide increases octane rating of the gasoline produced.

Abstract: In a transfer line catalytic cracking reaction system having a riser-reactor provided with a vertical section and a horizontal section, the improvement for minimizing erosion in the system which comprises cracking with a high velocity of reactant and catalyst in the vertical portion of the riser and a lower velocity in the lateral or horizontal section of the reactor prior to introduction of reactant effluent into catalyst separation zone(s).

Abstract: A process and system for sequentially cracking hydrocarbons in a TRC system. A first hydrocarbon feed is cracked at high severity low residence times and the cracked effluent is quenched by a second hydrocarbon feed which is coincidentally cracked at low severity.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion in the presence of a low-sodium form crystalline silicate converts normal and slightly branched paraffins, at least in part, to olefins.

Abstract: A process is provided for increasing gasoline octane number and/or total gasoline yield in catalytic cracking units by the addition of a very small amount of finely divided shape selective additive promoter, which additive promoter is not intimately combined with a substantial amount of another solid prior to contact with the cracking catalyst. The additive promoter, in one embodiment, is a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted with a catalyst comprising an alumina-zeolite support, a Group VIII metallic component and a Group VI-B metallic component. Key features of the process are the commingling of alumina and zeolite before the rare earth exchange of the faujasite and the extremely low sodium concentration of the finished catalyst.

Abstract: Cracking catalyst fines that are separated from the cracked fluid leaving the cracking or separation zone of a catalytic cracker are not dropped back into the separation zone or cracker and thus are not left in the cracker-regenerator loop but rather are removed from this loop, e.g., by connecting the dip-leg of one or more of the cyclones in the cracker with a conduit guiding these fines to a location of disposal outside of the catalyst loop. In one embodiment, these fines are introduced into another catalytic cracker or the separation vessel associated with a further catalytic cracker so that these fines ultimately occur in the bottoms product from a fractionator associated with this further cracker. By this process, the bottoms product of the main fractionator associated with the main cracker can be more efficiently utilized for the production of a carbon black feedstock because this bottoms product contains a very significantly reduced quantity of catalyst fines.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided which comprises a hydrogenation component and a support comprising agglomerates of alumina having initially not more than 0.20 cubic centimeters per gram of its pore volume in pores greater than about 400 Angstroms in diameter and a minor amount of silica. A process for the hydroconversion of hydrocarbonaceous oils utilizing the catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking processes can be attained by the addition to conventional cracking catalysts of very small amounts of additive catalyst comprising a class of zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12. The weight ratio of said zeolite of the additive catalyst to the amount of active component, e.g. faujasite zeolite, in the conventional cracking catalyst ranges from between about 1:400 and about 1:15.