Abstract: A crystal puller uses a chain and sprocket in the pulling head for vertical support of the growing crystal. Replacement of the chain is effectuated by providing an aperture in the top of the pulling head aligned with the sprocket. Replacement chain fed through the aperture can be directed to a storage area initially then by reverse sprocket motion lowered to commence a crystal growth cycle.

Abstract: The specification describes a process for growing selected compound semiconductors of high stoichiometry and purity and includes the steps of providing both a dynamic vacuum and a predetermined temperature profile in a container or tube containing a chosen semiconductor source material. The dynamic vacuum is used to create a predetermined minimum overpressure. P.sub.min, in this container with respect to the vapor pressure of the source material, while simultaneously removing impurities through in opening in the container during the crystal growth process. This process involves the vapor transport of elements of the selected compound semiconductor from the source material to a suitable support member, such as a graphite crucible which is maintained at a predetermined uniform controlled temperature.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering HF and HCl in substantially purified form from a gaseous mixture containing HF, HCl and halogenated organic vapors. The process comprises:A. feeding the gaseous mixture to the lower part of a rectification column to provide an upward flow of gases therein, the column having a temperature in the upper part of from about -40.degree. C. to about -85.degree. C., and having a temperature in its lower part in the range of from about -30.degree. C. to about 19.degree. C., the column also having a countercurrent flow of a liquid and a gas,B. withdrawing liquid HF from the bottom of the rectification column,C. withdrawing a gas from the top of the rectification column, and feeding the thus withdrawn gas to a condenser,D. condensing at least a portion of the withdrawn gas of step C to a liquid,E. feeding a portion of the condensed liquid of step D to the upper part of the rectification column, andF. recovering HCl gas from the condenser.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for inhibiting mold growth in a cereal grain having a seed coat by contacting such grain with sodium diacetate in such amounts and under such conditions that the sodium diacetate penetrates the seed coat and inhibits the growth of mold in said grain. The invention is especially useful in the treatment of high moisture corn.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drawing a monocrystalline ribbon or web from a melt comprising utilizing a shaping die including at least two elements spaced one from the other each having a portion thereof located below the level of the melt and another portion located above the level of the melt a distance sufficient to form a raised meniscus of melt about the corresponding element.

Abstract: A shelf-stable intermediate moisture food with a water content of about 15 to 50% and with water soluble solutes in an amount to provide bacteriostasis is protected against the infestation and reproduction of mites by incorporation of a material selected from the group consisting of fatty acids containing carbon atoms from C.sub.4 to C.sub.10, fatty acid amides containing carbon atoms from C.sub.3 to C.sub.10, fatty acid esters containing carbon atoms from C.sub.3 to C.sub.10, fatty acid salts containing carbon atoms from C.sub.3 to C.sub.10, propionic acid and mixtures thereof with the propionic acid being employed only in conjunction with the fatty acid, amide, ester or salt.

Abstract: A liquid smoke with superior toning (meat coloring) properties is produced from hardwoods by an automated process in which the raw materials, temperatures and other process variables are carefully controlled within narrow limits to yield a uniformly high quality product.

Abstract: The flue gas desulfurization process using a lime or limestone slurry scrubbing solution producing used liquor containing calcium sulfite or sulfate (typically gypsum). Precipitated particles are removed by feeding the used scrubbing liquor to an agitated crystallization zone to grow crystals and directing part of the used scrubbing liquor from that zone to a quiescent crystallization zone, in which particles are settled back into the agitated zone. An underflow stream from the agitated zone containing large crystals is combined with an overflow stream from the quiescent zone, which combined stream is clarified with the fines being returned to the scrubber and the large crystals being removed as a waste product. Apparatus for performing the above process in which the agitated and quiescent crystallization zones form part of a single crystallization vessel, and the two zones are separated by a baffle.

Abstract: In chlorinating a swimming pool equipped with a periodically operating pump arranged to circulate water from the pool through a filter assembly and back to the pool, chlorination of the pool water is accomplished by the use of a solid chlorinating material. The chlorinating material is introduced into an openable airtight chamber which has a water inlet to and a water outlet from the chamber at the bottom thereof. To prepare the chamber for insertion of chlorinating material, a valve in a duct to the water inlet is closed and a check valve associated with the outlet prevents backflow of water into the chamber so that before opening the chamber air previously contained in the chamber from a prior loading of chlorinating material expands in the chamber to express water from the chamber through the outlet, thereby providing an essentially dry chamber. The chamber is then opened and additional chlorinating material is placed therein. The chamber is then first closed and the valve to the inlet is opened.

Abstract: Magnetic film-substrate composites of enhanced quality are provided by rotating a garnet substrate immersed in a melt of magnetic film material to obtain a growth of magnetic film having uniaxial anistropy on the substrate normal to the substrate surface and maintaining the immersed substrate stationary in the melt after a desired film growth has been achieved to effect enhancement of the anisotropy constant of the film.

Abstract: Single crystal magnetoplumbite is grown at temperatures under 1000.degree. C. from a fluxed melt having a selected concentration ratio of boron oxide to lead oxide and a selected concentration of iron oxide sufficient to cause magnetoplumbite to crystallize yet not so much iron oxide as will cause the melt's crystallization temperature to exceed 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: Baked pastry product is obtained with the use of crystalline fructose and consists of a wheat flour-based, cellular matrix which is soft, leavened under baking conditions, and of a moisture content of 17 to 22% by weight. The starting dough is rich in water and contains 50 to 80 parts by weight of starch, 15 to 25 parts by weight of gluten, 40 to 60 parts by weight of powdered, skimmed milk and 50 to 100 parts by weight of egg solids for every 100 parts by weight of flour. A solution of crystalline fructose in water is prepared first in which the egg solids are emulsified, whereupon only addition of flour, starch, gluten and powdered milk is effected.

Abstract: The epitaxial growth of boron-phosphorous semiconductors can be accomplished by chemically reacting the gas materials diborane and phosphorous trichloride. The preferable temperature of the substrate in 880.degree. C.-1,110.degree. C. and the preferable ratio of the phosphorous trichloride to diborane in mol is 2-200. Use is made of a composite substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved apparatus and process for controlling heat input to a fractionation tower so that a proper energy balance is maintained. The apparatus and method for controlling a fractionation tower and process wherein feed and heat flow into the tower and feed is distilled and separated into distillate and bottoms, said distillate flowing from the tower through an overhead line into a condenser where it is allowed to condense before it is drawn off as product with a portion of this product being returned to the tower as reflux, and said bottoms being allowed to at least partially collect in the tower thereby establishing a liquid level which is allowed to fluctuate within predetermined limits, which method comprises generating and using the signal:Q.sub.I =Kp(K.sub.R +K.sub.D -K.sub.F)whereQ.sub.I is the heat required by the fractionation tower;Kp is the pressure controller output signal;K.sub.R is the reflux flow rate signal;K.sub.D is the distillate flow rate signal;K.sub.

Abstract: The specification describes a fat composition which is suitable for use as confectioners' butter, particularly for biscuit cream fillings. The composition consists essentially of a random distribution of combined C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 fatty acids with a maximum stearic acid content and a specified iodine value range.

Abstract: Single crystal 2PbO.Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 is grown from a fluxed melt having a selected concentration ratio of boron oxide to lead oxide and a selected concentration of iron oxide sufficient to cause 2PbO.Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 to crystallize yet not so much iron oxide as will cause other phases to crystallize.

Abstract: The growth of a crystalline body of a selected material is controlled so that the body has a selected cross-sectional shape. The apparatus is of the type which includes the structure normally employed in known capillary die devices as well as means for observing at least the portion of the surfaces of the growing crystalline body and the meniscus (of melt material from which the body is being pulled) including the solid/liquid/vapor junction in a direction substantially perpendicular to the meniscus surface formed at the junction when the growth of the crystalline body is under steady state conditions.

Abstract: There is described a method of closing ends of silicon tubular bodies in which the tube end to be closed is dipped into melt of silicon maintained at substantially the melting temperature of silicon until the end of the tube is heated to the melting point and then withdrawing the tube from the melt with melt temperature sufficiently low to cause freezing of molten silicon at tube end and at temperature and speed sufficient to cause decreasing diameter of the freezing silicon until the desired diameter reduction or closure is obtained and then breaking contact with the melt. Additionally, surface portions may be machined after withdrawal from the melt to allow connections to be made.

Abstract: A hydro-pneumatic damping device particularly for spring legs of automotive vehicles comprises an inner cylinder, an outer container, a central cavity within the inner cylinder, an annular cavity between the inner cylinder and the outer container, a piston rod with a piston unit, venting passage means between the central cavity and the annular cavity extending across a cylinder closing unit and check valve means associated to said venting passage means. The check valve means comprise an annular check valve member in frictional sliding engagement with the piston rod for axial movement with the piston rod toward a sealing position during inward movement of the piston rod and toward an opening position during outward movement of the piston rod, first and second abutment means being provided for defining said sealing position and said opening position of said annular check valve member respectively.

Abstract: There is disclosed, for recovering an aqueous organic solvent in fractions of different concentrations from a miscella, a rectification and stripping process utilizing an evaporation system comprising evaporators, rectifiers and a stripping column wherein the liquid effluent from the evaporation system is stripped free of the organic component of the solvent.