Abstract: A method of producing ultrafine powders comprising metal silicide powder and the products produced by the method are disclosed. The ultrafine powders comprising metal silicide powders are ideally suited to form stable colloidal suspensions which are used in the production of conductive metal silicide containing films. The process employs gaseous reactants comprising a metal halide and a silicon-containing compound. The reactants are exposed to high intensity light to produce ultrafine powders. In addition to the production of metal silicide powders, the ultrafine powders may also include silicon powder and metal subhalide powder. The ultrafine powders are particularly suited for use in VLSI and VVLSI production.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes are disclosed for treating materials by exposure thereof to sonic or ultrasonic oscillations produced by oscillating plates which form part of a processing chamber and which are each activated by a plurality of transducers adjacent thereto. The transducers are excited by an electronic circuit capable of driving each transducer at selectable frequencies, phase relationships and amplitudes. The invention also comprises processes for the treatment of materials by exposure thereof to oscillating plates excited at predetermined combinations of frequencies, phases and amplitudes.

Abstract: Raw phosphate material is calcined to remove pollutants, such as organic compounds and sulphides, by heat treatment in two suspension calciners (3,5) arranged in series. Fuel supplied at burners (8) is burnt in the calciners with air, supplied in parallel through pipes (9) from a cooler (7) for the treated material. The material is preheated in a preheater, for instance a pipe (13) and cyclone (2) by exit gases from the calciner before entering the calciners and, after leaving the calciners, is separated from the gas streams in separators (4,6).

Abstract: A method for conducting a chemical process in which a feed containing at least one liquid is introduced into a vessel containing a plurality of packed, vertically arranged tubes, and in which at least one liquid product and at least one gaseous product are obtained, in which the tubes and a space above them are kept flooded with liquid by controlled removal of liquid product from the lower portion of the vessel.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 -R.sup.4 is hydrogen or chlorine, R.sup.5 is --COOMe or --SO.sub.3 Me, Me is an alkali metal cation and X is oxygen, sulfur or selenium, photosensitizers for the conversion of tachysterol into previtamin D are described. The tachysterol content in mixtures of previtamin D and tachysterol can be greatly reduced by visible light irradiation in the presence of such photosensitizers.

Abstract: The invention is a selective process for preparing 1,1,1-trichloroethane comprising irradiating a vaporous mixture comprising 1,1-dichloroethane, chlorine and an effective amount of a photocatalyst wherein the photocatalyst is bromine, a compound which liberates bromine in the presence of chlorine, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide or oxygen, with radiation capable of inducing the selective formation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Radiation in the wavelength of between about 250 and 550 nanometers is capable of inducing the selective formation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of refractory oxide powders by pyrolyzing with laser energy a metal- and oxygen-containing organic chemical species characterized by the following properties: (a) some or all of the organic fragments (ligands) are bound to the metal by one or more metal-oxygen bonds, (b) the chemical species is able to absorb laser energy, preferably from a CO.sub.2 laser, in a vibrational mode, (c) the chemical species can be obtained in a gas state, at a temperature below the decomposition temperature.

Abstract: Photoresist is hardened by exposing it to UV radiation while subjecting it to elevated temperatures upon an increase in the degree of polymerization due to exposure to the radiation. The temperature of the photoresist can be controlled by a thermal chuck which contains a thermal ballast of heat conducting material.

Abstract: An anode of a mixture of reducing agent and metal oxide particulates is inserted into an electrolytic solvent bath under compression. In forming the particulate anode, the materials of construction are selected such that there is a minimum number of particle contacts. In such a selection, the contact surface area is important and is determined primarily by particle size. The compression of the anode is maintained to deform the particles during electrolysis.

Abstract: An exceptionally effective technique has been developed for desulphurizing hydrocracked petroleum pitch containing organic molecules having at least some chemically bound sulphur. Particles of petroleum pitch and a para- or ferromagnetic material catalyst are intimately mixed and this mixture in the presence of hydrogen is subjected to microwave radiation so as to generate a high intensity oscillating electric field thereby releasing at least part of the chemically bound sulphur from the pitch as sulphur-containing gases without substantial increase of the temperature of the pitch and separating the sulphur containing gases thus formed. To avoid temperature rise during desulphurization, the microwave irradiation is preferably gated in a train of short pulses.

Abstract: New Camptothecin derivatives possessing high anti-tumor activity with slight toxicity, represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group or an acyloxy group, R.sup.2 for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a carboxymethyl group or an acyloxymethyl group, and R.sup.3 for the grouping --XR' (where R' is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an acyl group and X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom), a nitro group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, an acylamino group or a halogen atom, with the proviso that when both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen atoms, R.sup.3 should not be hydroxyl group, methoxy group or acetoxy group. These new camptothecin derivatives are prepared by treating a 5-R.sup.1 -7-R.sup.2 camptothecin derivative with a peroxidant and then reacting the resultant 5-R.sup.1 -7-R.sup.

Abstract: A tin brightener for an electroplating bath contains various trialkoxybenzaldehydes for producing uniform desposits over a very broad current density range.

Abstract: An electrochemical process is disclosed for the synthesis of organic compounds, said process having the unique characteristic that the element evolved at the anode is exploited by having it reacting with the product of electrolysis obtained at the cathode by the presence of an appropriate catalyst. The catalyst may be associated in the most convenient manner to the anode, or it can be the anode itself. The process opens the way to a number of synthesis reaction which may be carried out electrolytically instead of the conventional ways.

Abstract: A refractory composition that is highly resistant to siliceous slag comprising from 45-85 weight percent chromic oxide and 15-55 weight percent alumina, said composition having a coarse grain fraction of -4 mesh and a fine grain fraction of -325 mesh comprising 40-100 weight percent chromic oxide.

Abstract: An improved silicon oxynitride material which is homogeneously chemically bonded and contains minimal free amorphous silicon has improved electrical insulating properties, hardness, scratch resistance, and adhesion. This material is formed on the surface of a selected substrates by a photochemical vapor deposition reaction. First a vapor mixture is formed comprising: ammonia and silane reactants in the ratio of 80:1 or higher; mercury vapors as a sensitizer for the desired photochemical reaction; and a predetermined amount of oxygen. This vapor mixture is introduced into a photochemical vapor deposition chamber containing the selected substrate, and radiation of a predetermined wavelength is simultaneously introduced into the deposition chamber. The selected radiation induces a photochemical reaction between the silane, ammonia, and oxygen to form silicon oxynitride which deposits on the substrate surface.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition consisting essentially of Pb(Mg.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.2/3).sub.x (Zn.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.2/3).sub.y (Fe.sub.2/3 W.sub.1/3).sub.z O.sub.3, wherein x+y+z=1, and further containing MnO.sub.2 in amount of 0.05 to 1.0 weight %.

Abstract: A low temperature fired ceramic dielectric composition in which the dielectric constant does not vary from its base value of over 2400 by more than 15 percent over a wide temperature range. A base ceramic preparation (a) and a ceramic flux (b), each consisting essentially of metal oxides or precursors thereof to provide in oxide form (a) 98.0 to 99 weight percent barium titanate, from about 0.97 to about 1.54 weight percent niobium pentoxide and from about 0.19 to about 0.32 weight percent cobalt oxide; (b) from about 16 to about 60 weight percent bismuth titanate, about 8 to about 52 weight percent lead titanate, about 18 to about 35 weight percent zinc oxide and about 5 to about 11 weight percent boron oxide. Manganese dioxide or precursor thereof in amount of from about 0 to 0.

Abstract: A method of adjusting the position of objects in relation to a datum plane, the method including the step of providing a mark on the objects at a known distance from the surface of the objects that will be positioned in predetermined relationship with the datum plane. One of the objects is next placed in the predetermined relationship with the plane, the object being moved from an original position relative to the plane after a predetermined period of time. A second object is then placed in the predetermined relationship with the plane, and a beam of light is directed to the second object, the beam providing a light image on the object. The second object is now moved until the image of the light coincides with the mark provided on the object.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp having a phosphor layer composed of a glass material represented by the general formula:xLn.sub.2 O.sub.3.yMO.wM'.vM.sub.2 "O.zB.sub.2 O.sub.3(wherein Ln is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y and lanthanum series elements, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn, M' is at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2 and Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, M" is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, and x, y, z, w and v are the numerical values defined by 1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.30, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.60, 0.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.20, 0<v.ltoreq.15 and 30.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.80 in molar percent, respectively, but y+w is a value defined by 0.ltoreq.y+w.ltoreq.60 in molar percent), and a phosphor. Said glass material is insoluble in water and can be worked into a water-soluble slurry with said phosphor and other component materials for forming a phosphor layer.

Abstract: Component of electrowinning or electrorefining cell, which component in use is normally covered with molten aluminum or in electrical contact with another component which is in contact with molten aluminum. Surface and/or inner portion of component is made of ceramic body formed by reaction sintering at pressures ranging from subatmospheric to superatmospheric of reactants, which can be elements, compounds, intermetallic compounds and/or alloys, in stoichiometric proportions to substantially form 10-90 mole percent of first phase or phases being boride phase or phases of one or more of the elements of Groups 4b, 5b and 6b, and 10-90 mole percent of oxide phase or phases being predominantly Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; and which phases have a maximum grain size substantially not greater than 15 .mu.m. Also production cell, and method of producing aluminum in such cell, with the reaction sintered ceramic component.