Abstract: A thin film magnetic material assembly for a magnetic head which has a non-magnetic substrate material and a magnetic metallic film vapor deposited thereon. The substrate material has a thermal coefficient of expansion approximating that of the magnetic metallic film. The substrate has a NaCl lattice structure and a composition represented by the formula Ni.sub.x Mn.sub.2-x O.sub.2 where 0.25.ltoreq.x<1. The substrate can optionally contain not more than 10% by weight of at least one of the group Al, Cr, Si, Sn, Ba as a secondary component. The magnetic metallic film most suitable in connection with the present invention is Fe-Ni, Fe-Al-Si or similar based alloys.

Abstract: An unreinforced ion exchange membrane which comprises fluorinated polymer which has carboxylic functional groups, which has a hydrogen bubble release layer on the cathode-facing side thereof, and which has channels open to the outer surface of the anode-facing side thereof, is described. Precursor membrane, which may contain partially embedded sacrificial members, and from which the unreinforced ion exchange membrane is made, is also described. The unreinforced ion exchange membrane can be used to separate the compartments of a chloralkali cell, and such a cell operates at low voltage, high current efficiency, and low power consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preventing a low hydrogen overvoltage cathode from degradation in activity characterized by adding a reducing agent to a cathode compartment of an electrolytic cell which electrolysis an aqueous alkali metal halide solution. According to the invention, no degradation takes place even after repeated shutdown of operation.

Abstract: BN toughened bodies having isotropic properties are produced by reacting ub.2 O.sub.3, H.sub.3 BO.sub.3 or a mixture thereof with a metal nitride or a mixture of metal nitrides. The process described may be carried out using metal tooling.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for improving the rheological properties of a suspension of precipitated silica by the addition of an aluminum compound, thereby producing a sprayable suspension or slurry with a pH of greater than 3.5, a solids content of at least about 15% by weight, which may be spray dried to form silica in either powder or microbead form. In a preferred embodiment, the aluminum compound added to the suspension is in the form of sodium aluminate.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell comprises intercalated finger-shaped electrodes each disposed through a cation exchange membrane, in which said cation exchange membrane constitutes a cylinder or envelope enclosing a finger-shaped anode or cathode A flare is formed at one end or each end of the cylinder or at the open end of the envelope. The flare is joined with a flange to form a unitary cation exchange membrane-flange structure which liquid-tightly divides an anode compartment and a cathode compartment.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling the deposition of metal-containing scales, such as iron silicate scale, from a hot, aqueous, geothermal brine or the like, without substantial corrosion of brine handling equipment. The brine is contacted with (1) an amount of an acid sufficient to reduce the pH of the brine between 0.1 and 0.5 unit and (2) a greater than stoichiometric amount of a reducing agent for reducing trivalent iron and manganese cations in a high temperature brine solution to divalent ions. An overall decrease in scale deposition, especially of iron silicate scale, is achieved while a silver-rich scale can be recovered from silver-containing brines.

Abstract: An improved Portland cement composition and process for producing same comprising dry powder of Portland cement and very fine particles of carbon black, wherein the dry powder of Portland cement is coated with an asphalt film prior to the addition of the carbon black.

Abstract: Distilled tall oil fatty acids are improved by irradiation which isomerizes trans-dimethoxystilbene (trans-DMS) impurity to cis-dimethoxystilbene which is easily removed by fractional distillation. Thus, the trans-DMS is removed without loss of fatty acid components from the distilled tall oil fatty acid.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for the plating of the contact elements of encapsulated electronic components - suitably of the type known as P-Dip strips - is provided with a continuous flexible parts-carrier belt of stainless steel, running in a horizontally aligned loop, with the web of the belt vertical. In the lower edge of the belt an array of flexible gripping fingers is formed, provided with projections, suitable for engagement by laterally disposed cams, on alternating sides of the belt for successive grip fingers. A loading device, co-ordinated with the operation of the cams, presents a part to be plated into the gripping fingers during an interval when the belt is stationary and the cams have been activated to separate the tips of the grip fingers. Upon retraction of the cams the parts are securely held by the grip fingers and moved through the plating stations upon the activation of belt motion. After plating, the parts are released by cam action on the grip fingers.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making alkali metal polyphosphates, especially alkali metal triphosphates. To this end, the disclosure provides for an alkali metal phosphate solution or suspension to be forced through at least one nozzle and for them to be sprayed inside a spray tower through a flame zone produced by a one or more burners arranged in annular fashion. More particularly, the disclosure provides for fine particulate alkali metal polyphosphates, especially alkali metal triphosphates, to be additionally introduced into the spray tower from above and for them to be regularly distributed across the spray region(s) of the nozzle(s) with formation of agglomerated products.The disclosure also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Temperature and corrosion resistant materials as guard elements for the metal part of combination electrodes for molten flow electrolysis, which consists of a composite material made from a carbon component containing graphitic structural elements, and a component having at least one ceramic. The guard elements thus formed have long service lives and allow trouble-free electrolysis for the extraction of metals.

Abstract: Component of electrowinning or electrorefining cell, which component in use is normally in contact with molten aluminum or in electrical contact with another component which is in contact with molten aluminum. Surface and/or inner portion of component is made of ceramic body formed by reaction sintering at pressures ranging from subatmospheric to superatmospheric of reactants, which can be elements, compounds, intermetallic compounds and/or alloys, in stoichiometric proportions to substantially from 5-95 mole percent of first phase or phases being boride, carbide, silicide, and/or sulfide of one or more of the elements of Groups 4b, 5b and 6b, which phases have a maximum grain size substantially not greater than 10 .mu.m. and which body contains 0 to 4 weight percent oxygen. Also production cell, and method of producing aluminum in such cell, with the reaction sintered ceramic component.

Abstract: The invention is a separator-gas electrode combination comprising a separator having a first and a second face adapted to permit the flow of fluids or ions therethrough; a gas electrode adapted to permit a liquid and a gas to enter and exit the electrode and having at least a first and a second face; and a non-conductive self-draining member having a fluid outlet. The self-draining member has at least two faces; at least a portion of a first face contiguous to at least a portion of one face of the separator and at least a portion of a second face contiguous to at least a portion of one face of the gas electrode. The self-draining member has a plurality of interconnected passageways which are in fluid transferring communication with the separator, the gas electrode, and the fluid outlet and provide the major conduit therebetween.

Abstract: Ceramic compositions having (1) a mixture comprised of barium titanate, zirconium oxide and one or more of cerium oxide, neodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide and an oxide of at least one of lanthanides having atomic numbers 59 to 66 in specific ratios and (2) 0.01 to 0.4% by weight (calculated as Mn based on the weight of the mixture) manganese oxide. Such compositions form reduction-reoxidation type semiconducting capacitors of reduced size and increased capacitance per unit area.

Abstract: Pretreatment of aluminum strip or foil for lacquering, adhesive coating or laminating processes involves heavy metal compounds which are considered undesirable for many packaging purposes, in particular for foodstuff packaging. These disadvantages are avoided if the strip or foil is pretreated in an electrolyte by subjecting it to a three phase alternating current of which one phase is rectified and the side of the strip or foil to be treated is made to pass in sequence three electrodes of which at least one is connected to the rectified phase while the others are connected to the other phase of the alternating current. Such a pretreatment has the advantage over an alternating current treatment that the oxide layers offer high strength of adhesion and the treatment can be performed faster.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the thermal treatment of mineral raw materials for the manufacture of cement clinker wherein the raw materials are separately preheated and at least partially calcined in separate first and second preheating systems. One of the systems is charged with a mixture of raw materials and fuel, usually a low-grade fuel, to produce calcined meal and exhaust gases. The exhaust gases are passed from the first preheating system into the second preheating system to aid in preheating and calcining the raw materials therein. The calcined meals from both the first and second preheating systems are jointly introduced into a burning system to form cement clinker which is then cooled in the usual way. Additionally, exhaust gases from the burning system and from the cooler can be passed into the second preheating system for preheating and calcining the raw materials.

Abstract: An electrolytic process is provided for the recovery of lithium values from a molten salt bath containing MgCl.sub.2, CaCl.sub.2, NaCl, KCl and LiCl. The salt composition in the molten state is subjected to the sequential depletion by electrolysis of the elements Mg, Ca, Na, respectively, either in substantially the elemental form or as an alloy thereof under multistage operating conditions to provide a depleted salt composition comprised substantially of the binary LiCl-KCl from which lithium is subsequently recovered by electrolysis as lithium per se or an alloy of Al/Li.

Abstract: Novel transformation toughened ceramic compositions comprising finely divided ZrO.sub.2 -HfO.sub.2 solid solution particles dispersed in a Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 (alumina) or 3Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.2SiO.sub.2 -3Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3.2SiO.sub.2 (mullite) solid solution matrix phase. It is found that increased hardness and modulus associated with higher relative Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 content (e.g. 20 mole %) in the matrix phase and increased fracture toughness associated with higher relative HfO.sub.2 content (e.g. 10 to 20 mole %) in the disperse phase represent viable and improved ceramic compositions. Such transformation toughened ceramic compositions are considered useful in superhot light diesel engine applications, high temperature gas turbines and ultrahigh temperature ceramic heat exchangers.

Abstract: A process and device for recovering polymetal compounds discharge from a submarine hydrothermal source comprises the use of a device comprising a bell-shaped collector member provided with a flexible skirt and placed just above the hydrothermal source to cover it substantially tightly. Means are connected to said collector for withdrawing hydrothermal fluid from the source and means are provided for concentrating the polymetal compounds thereof by settling or by centrifugation with a pipe for raising the so-concentrated flow to a surface installation associated with a bottom turbine energized by power derived from the hydrothermal fluid energy.