Abstract: An electromagnetic signal analysis apparatus includes a frequency spectrum obtaining unit 11 to obtain a frequency spectrum that is generated based on an electromagnetic signal obtained by a spectral device 20 and represents a property value with respect to a frequency, a water vapor fitting processing unit 12 to fit a waveform of a single fitting function or a composite waveform, of a plurality of fitting functions to a frequency spectrum at a frequency at which absorption of the electromagnetic waves by water vapor is increased, and a property analyzing unit 14 to analyze a property of a liquid sample using at least two values that determine a characteristic of the fitting function used for the fitting, so that the frequency spectrum, at the frequency at which absorption of the electromagnetic waves by water vapor generated from surfaces of the liquid sample is increased is processed to analyze the property of the liquid sample.

Abstract: Detection of nuclear reactions are accomplished through use of a solid-state detector that uses a hexagonal boron nitride configuration. Metallized areas for the hexagonal boron nitride have a metallized top and bottom area that is pixelated.

Abstract: Inorganic compounds having the formula LiMP2Q6, where M is Ga, In, Bi, Sb, As, Al, or a combination thereof, and Q is S and/or Se, are provided. Methods and devices for detecting incident neutrons and alpha-particles using the compounds are also provided. For thermal neutron detection applications, the compounds can be enriched with lithium-6 isotope (6Li) to enhance their neutron detecting capabilities.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a p-i-n architecture including a p-type contact layer, an n-type contact layer, and an intrinsic layer between the p-type contact layer and the n-type contact layer. The intrinsic layer includes a thin film comprising a highly crystalline 2D layered perovskite material. The radiation detectors according to embodiments of the present disclosure generate high open circuit voltages, have good detecting photon density limits and high sensitivities, and can be self-powered.

Abstract: Techniques for estimating peak intensities in pulse height spectra obtained by a wave-length dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer are disclosed. A pulse height spectrum is obtained from a sample. A model generator generates a pulse height spectrum model by creating a plurality of diffraction order profiles with predefined profile shapes at photon energy positions corresponding to respective diffraction orders of a monochromator of a spectrometer. For each created diffraction order profile where the corresponding photon energy is higher than the edge energy of the detector material of the detector, a respective escape profile is added. A model adjustment module adjusts pulse-height-to-energy-mapping parameters and contribution area of each diffraction order profile ensemble of the pulse height spectrum model using a fitting algorithm.

Abstract: A high-performance Microbolometer that incorporates vanadium oxide (VOx) along with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene. This Microbolometer, which uses a microbridge comprising Si3N4 and VOx, provides low noise and high dynamic range longwave infrared (LWIR) band detection. Addition of CNTs/graphene provides a high level of performance [low 1/f noise, noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), and thermal time constant] due to the high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of these materials.

Abstract: A radiation spectrometer includes a scintillator, a photomultiplier, and one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The scintillator receives radiation from the environment and emits light that is indicative of an energy of the radiation. The photomultiplier receives the light and outputs an electrical signal that is in turn indicative of the energy of the radiation. Spectral data can be generated based upon the electrical signal, wherein the spectral data indicates a number of radiation events in each of several energy bins. The one or more LEDs can emit LED light through the scintillator and toward the photomultiplier, wherein the LED light causes an LED peak in the spectral data that can be used to identify an absolute energy of radiation events in the spectral data.

Abstract: An associated particle-based inspection apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a grounded target region and a neutron generator that produces a neutron and one or more corresponding charged particles. The apparatus further includes an associated particle imaging (API) detector comprising a particle detector that detects the one or more corresponding charged particles, wherein the particle detector comprises at least one particle detector element that facilitates determining a trajectory, origination time, and a velocity of the neutron based upon a detection, by a particular one of the at least one particle detector element, of the corresponding charged particles.

Abstract: A wide band gap semiconductor NAND based neutron detection system includes a semiconductor layer comprising a wide band gap material with a neutron absorber material in the wide band gap material, and the semiconductor layer is the only layer of the wide band gap semiconductor NAND based neutron detection system fabricated with the neutron absorber material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorescence microscopy and specifically to improvements of method for and a corresponding fluorescence microscopy system for allowing separate detection of a plurality of fluorochromes.

Abstract: A laser system calibration method and system are provided. In some methods, a calibration plate may be used to calibrate a video camera of the laser system. The video camera pixel locations may be mapped to the physical space. A xy-scan device of the laser system may be calibrated by defining control parameters for actuating components of the xy-scan device to scan a beam to a series of locations. Optionally, the beam may be scanned to a series of locations on a fluorescent plate. The video camera may be used to capture reflected light from the fluorescent plate. The xy-scan device may then be calibrated by mapping the xy-scan device control parameters to physical locations. A desired z-depth focus may be determined by defining control parameters for focusing a beam to different depths. The video camera or a confocal detector may be used to detect the scanned depths.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a neutral atom imaging unit, a neutral atom imager, a neutral atom imaging method, and a space detection system. The neutral atom imaging unit includes at least one set of detection units, the at least one set of detection units includes: at least one semiconductor detector line array, each semiconductor detector line array includes a semiconductor detector strip composed of a plurality of semiconductor detectors; and at least one modulation grid. The modulation grid includes a slit and a slat forming the slit; the modulation grid includes a plurality of grid periods, each of the grid periods includes n slits, the width of the semiconductor detector strip is d, and the width (wi) of the i-th slit of the modulation grid satisfies the following relationship: w i = n i × d .

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an image sensor and electronic equipment. The image sensor includes: a pixel array, comprising a plurality of pixels, wherein a light-transmitting part is disposed between adjacent pixels; a protective layer, covering at least a part of a surface of the pixel; a conversion layer, configured to convert X-ray into visible light; wherein when X-ray is incident from a side of the image sensor, a portion of the X-ray is incident on the protective layer, another portion of X-ray transmits through the light-transmitting part between the pixels, reaches the conversion layer, and is converted into visible light by the conversion layer and received by the pixel. With the above solution, the pixels can be protected from the damage of X-ray high-energy photons while improving the resolution of the captured X-ray image.

Abstract: A radiation imaging panel comprising a substrate in which a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element are arranged, a scintillator containing a plurality of columnar crystals arranged on the substrate, and a protective layer is provided. The protective layer includes a first resin layer arranged so as to cover the scintillator and a second resin layer arranged on the first resin layer, and the first resin layer contains a resin to which particles of a metal compound is added. A light reflectance r1 [%] of the first resin layer satisfies 47%<r1<75%, and a light reflectance r2 [%] of the second resin layer and a light absorptance a2 [%] of the second resin layer satisfy r2<a2.

Abstract: A sensor for spectroscopic measurement of alpha and beta particles includes first and second layers, a photomultiplier, and an analyzer. A first material of the first layer scintillates a first stream of photons for each of the alpha particles. However, the beta particles pass through the first layer. A second material of the second layer scintillates a second stream of photons for each of the beta particles, but passes the first stream of photons for each alpha particle. The photomultiplier amplifies the first and second streams of photons for the alpha and beta particles into an electrical signal. The electrical signal includes a respective pulse for each of the alpha and beta particles. From the electrical signal, the analyzer determines a respective energy of each of the alpha and/or beta particles from a shape of the respective pulse for each of the alpha and beta particles.

Abstract: A fluorescence scanning microscope includes excitation and de-excitation light sources, which are designed to generate an excitation and a de-excitation light distribution, respectively. An illumination unit combines the light distributions to form a light distribution scanning over multiple illumination target points of a sample in such a way that an intensity maximum of the excitation light distribution and an intensity minimum of the de-excitation light distribution are spatially superimposed on one another. A detector detects fluorescence photons emitted from the respective illumination target point as a function of their arrival times. A processor evaluates the fluorescence photons with respect to the arrival times, generates a first pixel and a second pixel based thereon, assembles the first and second pixels to form first and second sample images, respectively, and, by means of the two sample images, determines a spatial offset between the intensity maximum and the intensity minimum.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radiation detector includes a first member including a scintillator layer, an organic member including an organic semiconductor layer, and a first conductive layer. The first conductive layer includes a first conductive region and a second conductive region. A second direction from the first conductive region toward the second conductive region crosses a first direction from the organic member toward the first member. A first portion of the organic member is between the first conductive region and the second conductive region in the second direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a gamma ray imaging device and an imaging method, where the imaging device includes a plurality of separate detectors. The plurality of separate detectors are provided at an appropriate spatial position, in an appropriate arrangement manner and are of an appropriate detector material, such that when rays emitted from different positions in an imaging area reach at least one of the plurality of separate detectors, at least one of the thicknesses of the detectors, the materials of the detectors, and the numbers of the detectors though which the rays pass are different, thereby achieving the effect of determining the directions of rays.

Abstract: A device for observing a biological sample is provided, including: a light source to emit a light beam at a wavelength between 1 ?m and 20 ?m; an image sensor including pixels defining a detection plane; a holder to hold the sample between the source and the sensor at a distance from the plane smaller than 1 mm, such that the source is configured to illuminate an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2, no image-forming optics are placed between the sample and the sensor, and the sensor is configured to acquire an image corresponding to an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2 and representative of an absorption of the beam by the sample at the wavelength; and a processor to determine a map of an amount of analyte in the sample, based on the image acquired by the sensor, the analyte absorbing light at the wavelength.

Abstract: Optical microcavity resonance measurements can have readout noise matching the fundamental limit set by thermal fluctuations in the cavity. Small-heat-capacity, wavelength-scale microcavities can be used as bolometers that bypass the limitations of other bolometer technologies. The microcavities can be implemented as photonic crystal cavities or micro-disks that are thermally coupled to strong mid-IR or LWIR absorbers, such as pyrolytic carbon columns. Each microcavity and the associated absorber(s) rest on hollow pillars that extend from a substrate and thermally isolate the cavity and the absorber(s) from the rest of the bolometer. This ensures that thermal transfer to the absorbers is predominantly from radiation as opposed to from conduction. As the absorbers absorb thermal radiation, they shift the resonance wavelength of the cavity.