Abstract: A highly efficient method for the conversion of a natural product into the high density fuel RJ-4 with concomitant evolution of isobutylene for conversion to fuels and polymers, more specifically, embodiments of the invention relate to efficient methods for the conversion of the renewable, linear terpene alcohol, linalool into a drop-in, high density fuel suitable for ramjet or missile propulsion.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a fluid catalytic cracking process. The process can include a reaction zone operating at conditions to facilitate olefin production and including at least one riser. The at least one riser can receive a first feed having a boiling point of about 180° to about 800° C., and a second feed having more than about 70%, by weight, of one or more C4+ olefins.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for carbonification of crop straws and a device thereof. Pyrolysis process is controlled by regulating the feeding of oxygen during said pyrolysis process, and pyrolysis and carbonification are respectively conducted in separate pyrolysis and carbonification pools, wherein the straws are pyrolyzed in said pyrolysis pool and entered into said carbonification pool to be carbonified. The present invention can quickly raise the temperature of the pyrolysis process, shorten the time of the pyrolysis process, and improve the pyrolysis carbonification efficiency.

Abstract: A process of producing isopropyl benzene which solves the problem of high amount of n-propyl benzene according to the prior art. The process separates the polyisopropyl benzene through a suitable rectification into two streams of relatively lighter and heavier components, wherein the content of diisopropylbenzene in the stream of relatively lighter components is controlled to be at least greater than 95 wt %, and the content of tri-isopropyl benzene in the stream of relatively heavier components is controlled to be at least greater than 0.5 wt %. Such a technical solution subjecting the two streams respectively to the transalkylation solves the problem raised from the prior art, and is useful for the industrial production of isopropyl benzene.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation of light paraffins, such as ethane at moderate temperatures (<500° C.) to produce ethylene without the formation of side products such as acetic acid and/or other oxygenated hydrocarbons is achieved using tellurium-free, multimetallic catalysts possessing orthorhombic M1 phase and other crystalline structures that have an important role for obtaining high performance catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene. Such catalysts are prepared using thermal and hydrothermal methods.

Abstract: The process for producing an olefin dimer of the present invention includes a first step of carrying out a dimerization reaction of an olefin in the presence of a solid phosphoric acid catalyst in which phosphoric acid is supported on inorganic support particles at a reaction temperature of 55 to 300° C. by introducing into a reactor an olefin-containing raw material containing water in an amount of 10 ppm by mass or more and less than the saturated water content at the reaction temperature, thereby preparing a reaction product containing an olefin dimer, a second step of washing the reaction product prepared in the first step at a temperature of 50° C. or higher using an alkaline substance-containing water adjusted to pH 8 to 13 and a third step of washing the reaction product after the alkaline washing in the second step with water at a temperature of 0 to 110° C., thereby preparing an olefin dimer.

Abstract: A method to generate a ternary carburizing gas mixture, using a reaction of selective hydrogenation of acetylene in a stream of hydrocarbons to the form of ethylene, comprising the following steps: heating of the inside of the reactor with an inert gas to an operating temperature for a period of 20 minutes at a temperature of 300° K, passing a mixture of hydrogen and acetylene by the regiospecific catalyst, and moving out the reaction products on the outside after passing the mixture through the regiospecific catalyst, but generation is effected in a continuous mode in the operating temperature range of the regiospecific catalyst between 293° K and 398° K, preferably at a temperature of 350° K.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to reactor components and their use, e.g., in regenerative reactors. A process and apparatus for utilizing different wetted areas along the flow path of a fluid in a pyrolysis reactor, e.g., a thermally regenerating reactor, such as a regenerative, reverse-flow reactor, is described.

Abstract: A process for reducing the concentration of benzene in a hydrocarbon stream, the process including: fractionating a reformate to form a benzene concentrate fraction comprising benzene and other C6 hydrocarbons, and a heavies fraction comprising C7+ hydrocarbons; and hydrogenating the benzene concentrate fraction to form a hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced benzene concentration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition useful in a process for producing lower olefins from a oxygenate feedstream, a process for producing said catalyst composition and a process for producing lower olefins comprising contacting a oxygenate feedstream with the catalyst composition M1-M2-P/ZSM-5 with an oxygenate-comprising feedstream, wherein M1 is one or more basic species, M2 is one or more redox elements selected from Groups 6-8 of the Periodic Table of Elements and Sn and P is phosphorus, wherein said basic species is a molecular entity forming a weak Lewis base and/or a weak Bronsted base in the catalyst composition. In addition thereto, the present invention relates to an integrated process for producing lower olefins from a feedstream comprising hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for oligomerization of olefins into compounds or into a mixture of compounds of general formula CpH2p with 4?p?80 that employs a catalytic composition that comprises at least one organometallic complex of an element of group IV that is selected from titanium, zirconium, and hafnium, wherein the organometallic complex contains at least one alkoxy-type ligand that is functionalized by a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur, or by an aromatic group.

Abstract: Processes for forming propylene are described herein.

Abstract: A coal reforming method includes: drying; performing carbonizing; and cooling. (1) In the drying, coal is classified into coarse coal and fine coal while being dried, and heat obtained by burning at least a portion of the fine coal and at least a portion of the carbonizing gas is used as a heat source during the drying or the carbonizing. (2) In the cooling, the char is classified while being cooled to separate fine char from the char, and heat obtained by burning at least a portion of the fine char and at least a portion of the carbonizing gas is used as a heat source during the drying or the carbonizing. At least any one of (1) and (2) is performed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms from ethane stably in a simpler process. The present invention provides a method for producing olefin having a step of obtaining a cold fraction by cooling an ethane-cracked gas, which is obtained by thermal cracking of ethane in the presence of steam, to 600° C. or less; and a step of obtaining a catalytic cracking gas containing olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms by bringing the cold fraction into contact with a catalyst containing a medium pore diameter zeolite.

Abstract: We provide processes, and process units for practicing the processes, comprising a. regenerating a used catalyst comprising an ionic liquid catalyst and a chloride, from an alkylation reactor, in a hydrogenation reactor to produce a regenerated catalyst effluent; b. separating at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst effluent into a gas fraction comprising a hydrogen gas and into a light hydrocarbon fraction comprising a hydrogen chloride; c. recycling at least a part of the gas fraction comprising the hydrogen gas to the hydrogenation reactor; and d. recovering at least an amount of the light hydrocarbon fraction comprising the hydrogen chloride and recycling the at least the amount of the light hydrocarbon fraction to the alkylation reactor. The alkylation process units comprise a hydrogenation reactor, a fractionation unit, and connections for transmitting the gas fraction to the hydrogenation reactor and for transmitting the light hydrocarbon fraction to the alkylation reactor.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions useful for synthesizing alkylaromatics from an n-alkanes.

Abstract: A structured packing formed of a plurality of corrugated, rectangular sheets and a method relating to the use thereof. End regions of the corrugations are provided with straight, parallel corrugations extending inwardly from opposed edges of the sheets and a right angles thereto to reduce pressure drop at the interfaces between packing layers and thereby increase hydraulic capacity. Contact is promoted between descending liquid and ascending vapor phases within a main region of the corrugations that have straight, parallel sections of the corrugations oriented at an acute angle to the opposed edges. Transition regions having arcuate sections of the corrugations connect corrugations within the main and end regions to reduce internal pressure drop within the structured packing and thereby further reduce pressure drop at the interfaces and further increase the hydraulic capacity.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the production of middle distillate hydrocarbon bases from an ethanol feedstock that is produced from a renewable source that is obtained from biomass, comprising a stage for purification of said feedstock, a stage for dehydration of said purified feedstock into an effluent that is for the most part ethylene and comprises water, at least one stage for separating water, a first stage for oligomerization of the effluent that is for the most part ethylene into at least one olefinic effluent that comprises at least 80% by weight of olefins that have four or more carbon atoms, in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst that comprises at least one bivalent nickel compound, whereby a second oligomerization stage produces middle distillate hydrocarbon bases in the presence of an amorphous or zeolitic catalyst that has at least pore openings that contain 10 or 12 oxygen atoms, producing middle distillate hydrocarbon bases, and a fractionation stage.

Abstract: Methods for monitoring ionic liquids using vibrational spectroscopy may involve contacting an infrared (IR) transmissive medium with the ionic liquid, recording an IR spectrum of the ionic liquid, and quantifying at least one chemical characteristic of the ionic liquid based on the IR spectrum. The IR spectrum may be recorded ex situ or in situ. Methods for controlling ionic liquid catalyzed processes are also disclosed, wherein a condition of the ionic liquid may be determined during such processes based on IR spectral analysis of the ionic liquid.

Abstract: A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C3-C5 oxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C6+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C6+ hydrocarbons.