Abstract: Olefins may be produced by the reductive dehydroxylation of vicinal polyols and/or their respective esters, in an aqueous reaction medium, under a hydrogen atmosphere, under suitable conditions, and in the presence of a halogen-based, preferably iodine-based, catalyst, wherein a solubility enhancing agent is employed to increase the solubility of the iodine-based catalyst in the aqueous reaction medium.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the polymerization of cyclopentadiene compounds (B) by contacting the cyclopentadiene compound with a quinone methide compound (A) of structure (I), Compositions (AB) comprising (A) and (B) are also provided.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds can be hydrotreated in a continuous gas-phase environment and then dewaxed in a liquid-continuous reactor. The liquid-continuous reactor can advantageously be operated in a manner that avoids the need for a hydrogen recycle loop. A contaminant gas can be added to the hydrogen input for the liquid-continuous reactor to modify the hydrogen consumption in the reactor.

Abstract: Crude alcohol streams are converted to olefins under reductive or non-reductive dehydroxylation conditions, in the presence of a halogen-based catalyst. The process includes autogenous gas pressure or a gas pressure from 1 psig (˜6.89 KPa) to 2000 psig (˜13.79 MPa), a temperature from 50° C. to 250° C., a liquid reaction medium, and a molar ratio of alcohol to halogen from 1:10 to 100:1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of an essential oil extraction apparatus. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a container configured to hold an essential oil-containing material, an essential oil extract receiver contained in the container, a condenser having an outlet fluidly coupled to the receiver and located relative to the container so as to receive essential oil-containing vapor emitted by the essential oil-containing material; and at least one microwave reflection structure associated with at least one of the container, the receiver or the condenser. The apparatus can have an overall dimension that is sufficiently small so that the apparatus fits inside a standard-sized kitchen microwave oven.

Abstract: A mobile mechanical vapor recompression evaporator system including a horizontal vapor separator and a horizontal forced circulation heat exchanger. The horizontal vapor separator can include a generally cylindrical housing configured in a generally horizontal orientation. The housing can include at least one product chamber having at least one product passage configured to receive at least one product. The housing further includes at least one vapor chamber having at least one vapor passage and at least one vapor window located between the at least one product chamber and the at least one vapor chamber, wherein a portion of the at least one product evaporates in the product chamber to produce a vapor that passes through the at least one vapor window into the at least one vapor chamber, and is discharged through the at least one vapor passage.

Abstract: A closed loop process for recovering purified processing fluid from contaminated processing fluid. The contaminated processing fluid is subjected to a first separation step, and there is recovered a first stream comprising the bulk of the processing fluid substantially free of contaminants, and a second stream containing processing fluid with concentrated levels of contaminants. The second stream is subjected to a second separation zone to produce a third stream comprising purified processing fluid and a fourth stream comprising contaminants.

Abstract: A method for suppressing isomerization of an olefin metathesis product produced in a metathesis reaction includes adding an isomerization suppression agent to a mixture that includes the olefin metathesis product and residual metathesis catalyst from the metathesis reaction under conditions that are sufficient to passivate at least a portion of the residual metathesis catalyst. The isomerization suppression agent includes (i) a salt and/or an ester of a phosphorous oxo acid, and/or (ii) a derivative of the phosphorous oxo acid in which at least one P—H bond has been replaced by a P—C bond, and/or (iii) a salt and/or an ester of the derivative. Methods of refining natural oils are described.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the separation of a homogeneous catalyst solution from crude monoethylene glycol (MEG) and for purifying MEG is provided. The apparatus includes a catalyst separation section, an MEG rectification section, a stripping section and a pasteurization section, wherein the MEG rectification and pasteurization sections are located within a MEG purification column, and the catalyst separation section is either located in the MEG purification column or in a separate upstream vessel, and wherein the catalyst separation section includes a crude MEG vapor feed inlet to the MEG rectification section.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the production of middle distillate hydrocarbon bases from an ethanol feedstock that is produced from a renewable source that is obtained from biomass, whereby said process comprises a stage for purification of said feedstock, a stage for transformation of said purified feedstock into a light olefinic effluent that comprises at least 30% by weight of olefins that have between four to six carbon atoms relative to the total mass of the formed hydrocarbon compounds, whereby said stage works in the presence of a catalyst that comprises at least one zeolite that is selected from among the zeolites that have a structural type that appears in the following list: CHA, ERI, MTF, AEI, AEL, FER, EUO, MEL, MFS, TON, MTT and the zeolites ZBM-30, ZSM-48, IM-5 and IZM-2, taken by themselves or in a mixture, a stage for separation of the olefinic effluent that is obtained from stage b) in such a way as to eliminate at least a portion of the water that is formed during stage b) to produce

Abstract: Biobased p-cymene and methods of producing same, which can further be converted to terephtalate. Further, a method is described for converting crude sulfate turpentine recovered from chemical wood pulping into p-cymene and eventually to terephtalic acid of biological origin, and products thereof respectively. In said method, both conversion and desulfurization is realized in one reaction step. The disclosure is also related to use of zeolite catalysts in said method.

Abstract: Olefins may be produced by the non-reductive dehydroxylation of vicinal polyols and/or their respective esters, in a liquid reaction medium, under a substantially non-reductive atmosphere, in the presence of a halogen-based, preferably iodine-based, catalyst. The reaction medium may be aqueous, non-aqueous, or a combination thereof, and may in some embodiments include a solubility enhancing agent.

Abstract: A process for catalytic cracking of a pyrolysis oil derived from material comprising biomass. In one embodiment, the process comprises subjecting a feed comprising the pyrolysis oil to a hydrodeoxygenation step to prepare an at least partially deoxygenated pyrolysis oil; heating a hydrocarbon feed to a temperature in the range from equal to or more than 50° C. to equal to or less than 200° C. to prepare a preheated hydrocarbon feed; mixing the at least partially deoxygenated pyrolysis oil and the preheated hydrocarbon feed to prepare a feed mixture; and contacting the feed mixture with a catalytic cracking catalyst in a catalytic cracking reactor at a temperature of at least 400° C. to prepare a product stream containing one or more cracked products.

Abstract: Saline water from a body of water is desalinated using a water purification system. Chambers of a plurality of tanks are filled with a volume of saline water. The saline water is heated to increase a pressure and produce water vapor within the chamber of each tank. A condensation valve disposed within a condensing tube is moved to an open position such that the water vapor is released into a respective condensing tube. The water vapor is condensed to provide potable water.

Abstract: Feeds containing triglycerides are processed to produce an olefinic diesel fuel product and propylene. The olefinic diesel can optionally be oligomerized to form a lubricant base oil product. The olefinic diesel and propylene are generated by deoxygenating the triglyceride-containing feed using processing conditions that enhance preservation of olefins that are present in the triglycerides. The triglyceride-containing feed is processed in the presence of a catalyst containing a Group VI metal or a Group VIII metal and optionally a physical promoter metal.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, hydrogen and benzene are introduced to a first hydroalkylation reaction zone which contains a hydroalkylation catalyst and which is operated under at least partly liquid phase conditions sufficient to effect hydroalkylation of benzene to produce a mixed liquid/vapor phase effluent comprising cyclohexylbenzene and unreacted benzene, wherein at least a portion of the unreacted benzene is in the vapor phase. At least a portion of the effluent is cooled to condense a liquid phase stream containing at least some of the cyclohexylbenzene in the effluent portion and leave a residual stream containing at least some of the unreacted benzene and cyclohexylbenzene. At least a portion of the liquid stream is recycled to the first hydroalkylation reaction zone or to contact the mixed phase effluent exiting the first hydroalkylation reaction zone. Other methods of cooling the reaction effluent are disclosed.

Abstract: A process, apparatus and system for forming light olefins, the process including heating a resid-containing hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least 10 ppmw of metals to vaporize at least 90 wt. % of said hydrocarbon feedstock; separating in a knockout drum a hydrocarbon vapor portion having less than 10 ppmw metals from a non-vaporized resid-containing portion; and feeding said hydrocarbon vapor to a catalytic cracking process to form light olefins.

Abstract: A process for producing a product stream consisting primarily of the lower olefins ethylene, propylene and butylenes, and of gasoline is provided. The process includes cracking a mixture of paraffinic naphtha feedstream and regenerated catalyst in a downflow reactor. The reaction product stream is separated from the spent catalyst and subsequently fractionated into individual product streams, while the spent catalyst is regenerated and recycled.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product, and more specifically, to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product via catalytic pyrolysis. Some embodiments relate to methods for the production of specific aromatic products (e.g., benzene, toluene, naphthalene, xylene, etc.) via catalytic pyrolysis. Some such methods may involve the use of a composition comprising a mixture of a solid hydrocarbonaceous material and a heterogeneous pyrolytic catalyst component. In some embodiments, an olefin compound may be co-fed to the reactor and/or separated from a product stream and recycled to the reactor to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products. The methods described herein may also involve the use of specialized catalysts. For example, in some cases, zeolite catalysts may be used. In some instances, the catalysts are characterized by particle sizes in certain identified ranges that can lead to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons, by which a feedstock containing a hydrogenation-treated oil of a thermally cracked heavy oil obtainable from an ethylene production apparatus is brought into contact with a catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production containing a crystalline aluminosilicate, and thereby aromatic hydrocarbons are produced. A raw material having an end point of the distillation characteristics of 400° C. or lower is used as the feedstock. The contact between the feedstock and the catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production is carried out at a pressure of 0.1 MPaG to 1.5 MPaG.