Abstract: In an exhaust gas cleaning device of the type having a reaction chamber provided intermediate of the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, secondary air supply means comprising a portion of the exhaust pipe upstream of the reaction chamber which is constructed into a double wall structure having an inner wall defining an exhaust gas passage and an outer wall defining an outer chamber around said inner wall for the passage of secondary air valve means for opening and closing a secondary air supply hole formed in the inner wall and an air releasing hole formed in the outer wall for releasing the secondary air into the atmosphere, a temperature detector disposed within the reaction chamber and means for operating said valve means in response to a signal from said temperature detector, whereby when the internal temperature of the reaction chamber is lower than a predetermined level, the secondary air heated during passage through said outer chamber is supplied into the exhaust gas passage from said secon

Abstract: In one embodiment valve means are provided in the pipe connecting the fuel gas main and air supply main to the respective headers to simultaneously supply a portion of the air to the headers associated with the "on" flues and a portion of the air to the headers associated with the "off" flues. The air supplied to the headers associated with the "on" flues mixes with and dilutes the rich fuel gas to suppress the tendency to deposit carbon in the vertical riser ducts of the "on" flues. The air supplied to the headers associated with the "off" flues removes the carbonaceous material deposited in the vertical riser ducts of the "off" flues. In another embodiment induction or recirculation ducts are provided between the vertical riser ducts of interconnected flues to admix a portion of the waste gas from the "off" flues with the rich fuel gas flowing upwardly through the vertical riser ducts of the "on" flues.

Abstract: A pyrolysing vessel in which the inlets and outlets for the charge and the pyrolysing gas are so arranged that charge and gas pass through the vessel along paths that meet substantially at right angles. The charge may descend vertically, and the vessel may taper outwardly and downwardly to aid this descent. The gas may enter and leave the vessel through grilles that can be oscillated to further aid the descent. Pyrolysing plant including the vessel may include means to take a fraction of the gas at the outlet and recycle it through a heater to the gas inlet.

Abstract: A tubular carbon black reactor having means for axial introduction of hydrocarbon feed or oxidant on both ends, means for fuel introduction at approximately the center of the reactor, a plurality of means for tangential introduction of oxidant equally distributed over the entire length of the reactor and carbon black withdrawal means located proximate to the locus of introduction of the hydrocarbon feed at both ends.

Abstract: A catalytic muffler is described with reference to three preferred embodiments. In the first embodiment, a cylindrical entry tube having peripheral holes passes into the interior of the muffler, a second cylindrical tube having peripheral holes offset from the peripheral holes in the entry tube surrounds the entry tube, a cartridge containing a catalytic converter surrounds the second tube, and an exit tube leads from a point in the interior of the muffler external to the cartridge to the exterior of the muffler. In the second embodiment, the entry tube is branched within the muffler, and each branch is surrounded by a cartridge containing a catalytic converter. In the third embodiment, the entry tube, the second tube, and the cartridge all have cross-sections in the shapes of racetracks the major and minor axes of which are coincident. In all three embodiments, the cartridge is filled with asbestos fibers impregnated first with sodium and then with copper sulfate.

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of homogeneous material or foam from a plurality of components. A three-way valve is communicated with supply tanks for the components by pipes having pumps interposed therein. The valve cock has a mixing chamber therein and an outlet for discharge of the mixed components to a mold, and is provided with passageways so that depending on the position of the cock the components can be delivered to the mixing chamber or to return lines for the individual components which lead to the intake side of the pumps. The components are constantly pumped, passing either to the mixing chamber or to the return lines.

Abstract: A trough-type scale trap for use with a refinery or chemical plant reactor having a catalyst bed subject to plugging by fine particles. Compared to prior art traps, the trough-type scale trap of the invention is characterized by a larger volumetric capacity and screen area and is substantially easier to construct and to install or remove from closed reactor vessels than conventional traps. Its typical embodiment is as a series of parallel troughs having rectangular openings and disposed chordally across the reactor normal to the direction of flow. In one embodiment, the trough is a rectangular parallelepiped; in another embodiment, the substantially rectangular opening is reduced by tapering to a bottom significantly smaller than the inlet opening.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor employing a dished head at its feed inlet, this head comprising a sprung arch dome and an interpositioned layer of insulation.

Abstract: Upon discharge from a coke oven, highly heated coke is cooled by charging the hot coke to a shaft cooler wherein it is contacted with an inert cooling gas to a temperature of between 600.degree.-800.degree.F, the coke then being discharged through a pressure retention device and to a quench bunker by means of a feeding device, with the coke further cooled to a temperature of below 300.degree.F by water sprays, while preventing entrance of steam into the shaft cooler. The feed means and quench bunker are enclosed so as to prevent discharge to the atmosphere of steam produced on contact of the spray with the coke as well as particulate material carried thereby. The coke at below 300.degree.F is then fed to a conveyor for removal from the cooling area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the recovery of N,N-dimethylacetamide from a mixture containing N,N-dimethylacetamide and acetic acid. Potassium hydroxide is added to the mixture to neutralize the acetic acid and form potassium acetate having a low solubility in N,N-dimethylacetamide and a high affinity for water. The water concentration is adjusted to a desired range and a water non-solvent such as benzene is added to effect separation of an aqueous solution of potassium acetate from the dimethylacetamide as two distinct phases. The phases are then separated and the dimethylacetamide removed from the solvent phase by distillation.

Abstract: A plurality of coke oven chambers is provided with respective filling inlets arranged in a row. A coal conveyor arrangement is located above such row and extends in the direction of the row. The coal conveyor arrangement is provided with a plurality of outlet units spaced from each other along the length of the row. A filling arrangement is operative for conveying coal from the outlet units to the filling inlets. The filling arrangement comprises a hopper movable along the length of the row of filling inlets and provided with a plurality of inlet units arranged to successively register with the outlet units and provided with at least one outlet unit communicating inside the hopper with the inlet units and arranged to register with successive ones of the filling inlets.

Abstract: A thermal reactor adapted to receive hot exhaust gases generated as the result of the combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel within an engine. The hot exhaust gas stream taken directly from the engine, is passed into a chamber where it reacts with air, preferably in the presence of a reaction promoting element. However, prior to the reaction stage, the hot gas is urged into a swirling motion and through a constricted passageway whereby to provide through a longer dwell period, better mixing, and avoid direct impingement of the gas against the catalyst bed surface when the latter is utilized.

Abstract: A coking oven has an upright wall formed with an opening which is normally closed by a door past which noxious gases escape at least at times. Outwardly adjacent the opening and the wall are formed one or more upright channels having open ends located below and above the level of the opening, respectively, and being so positioned that escaping noxious gases can enter into this channel or these channels. Arranged adjacent the upper open end or ends is a suction conduit provided with apertures through which the gases can be drawn from the channel or channels to be conveyed in the conduit.

Abstract: A plant for producing, eg ammonia or methanol by catalytic synthesis at superatmospheric temperature and pressure comprises a vessel equipped internally with all the high-temperature units required for the synthesis, namely means for heating synthesis gas to synthesis inlet temperature, admitting it to the catalyst, withdrawing it and cooling it. Preferably all the high-pressure units are also inside the vessel. The plant makes possible extremely high outputs of product, such as 8000 metric tons per day.

Abstract: A portable olefin gas generating apparatus such as for generating ethylene to initiate the ripening of various climateric fruits. A reaction liquid is fed by gravity to a reaction chamber where it is catalytically converted into the desired olefin gas.The reaction liquid includes an alcohol such as ethanol, a denaturing agent such as a ketone, an ester of a monocarboxylic acid, gasoline or gum rubber and a catalyst activating agent such as an ester of monocarboxylic acid, a straight chain hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon.To control the temperature of the gas generator apparatus an electronic temperature controller circuit is used in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: Charging apparatus is provided for charging preheated coal into a battery of coke oven chambers from a bunker above the battery which has sufficient capacity to contain enough coal to charge at least one oven chamber. Each oven chamber has a plurality of charging holes in the roof and the charging holes of the several chambers are arranged in rows extending longitudinally of the battery. A vibratory conveyor is associated with each row of charging holes for selectively delivering coal to the holes, and coal is supplied from the bunker to each conveyor through a measuring chamber which holds a predetermined amount of coal and delivers exactly the right amount to the conveyor for charging one oven chamber.

Abstract: In growing single crystals of gadolinium gallium garnet, dysprosium gallium garnet and the like according to the Czochralski method, when the velocity of rotation of the crystal during growth of a slender part is made lower than the velocity of rotation of the crystal during growth of a body portion, single crystals free of defects such as dislocation or facet can be obtained.

Abstract: Feedstock at a first temperature is mixed with a heating fluid at a second temperature and the mixture resulting therefrom is immediately contacted with a catalyst in a catalytic conversion zone as the mixture reaches a third temperature, thus producing an effluent which is cooled to a fourth temperature as it is removed from the catalytic zone. Apparatus is provided useful for carrying out the above process.

Abstract: A device for positioning a lid for a coke oven charging port in the charging port. An arm is pivotally mounted on a coal hopper and carries a pusher member shiftably mounted on the bottom thereof. A motor also mounted on the coal hopper is connected to the arm and moves the arm and the pusher member between a storage position wherein the arm and the pusher member are spaced away from the coke oven and a use position wherein the pusher member is on the coke oven and is moved toward the associated charging port to push the lid toward and into the charging port.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a homogeneous dislocation density in a semiconductor rod, by first subjecting the semiconductor rod in a known manner, to a crucible-free zone melting process whereby it becomes monocrystalline and free of dislocations, and thereafter an annealing zone is moved through the rod, under specified conditions.