Abstract: The method of forming a seamed metal tube having a metal coating of this invention includes applying a metal coating to the upper face of a metal strip prior to welding. The strip is then formed into an open seam tube and welded, preferably in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with the seam preferably located in the lower portion of the tube. Finally, at least a lower portion of said tube is reheated with the seam located in the lower portion of the tube, thereby causing the metal coating to flow downwardly over the seam, coating the seam. In one embodiment, the strip is preformed into an arcuate shape and coated, wherein the metal coating increases in thickness toward the lateral strip edges, such that the coating will flow over the seam following welding. The inside coated seamed tube may also be immersed in a galvanizing or metal coating bath to coat the outside of the tube.

Abstract: Improved methods of exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tube envelopes for high performance x-ray system having a rotating anode therein which includes providing a glass tubulation having a diameter greater than about 20 mm then operatively connecting the glass tubulation to the x-ray tube envelope, providing a disk inside the glass tubulation, the disk having a smaller diameter than the glass tubulation, providing a vacuum to the glass tubulation; positioning heating means on the outside of the glass tubulation, heating the anode of the x-ray tube to a temperature temperatures inside the x-ray tube envelope of about 1500.degree. C., positioning the disk inside the glass tubulation proximate the position of the heating means on the outside of the glass tubulation, heating the glass tubulation proximate the disk to about 1300.degree. C.

Abstract: A DC gas discharge type image display device includes a front glass substrate; a rear glass substrate facing the front glass substrate, interposing a discharge gas therebetween; a set of anodes including a plurality of line electrodes formed on the rear glass substrate; a set of cathodes including a plurality of line electrodes placed on the front glass substrate so as to perpendicularly cross the set of anodes; and a plurality of discharge cells, each being provided so as to correspond to each of the cross points of the set of anodes and the set of cathodes. The device is driven in a refresh driving method or a memory driving method. As to the production of this device, the set of cathodes is formed by a spraying method. The cathodes are made from aluminum, nickel, an aluminum alloy or a nickel alloy. The discharge gas is a mixed gas of He and Xe.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus including an XY movable table onto which an inspection object wafer is placed in position and a prober for detecting electrons emitted from a field-emission cold cathode of the wafer is provided in a vacuum chamber. A characteristic of the field-emission cold cathode is inspected before it is mounted onto a device.

Abstract: A center electrode of a spark plug has an oval shape in cross section as an identification mark. An electrode positioning apparatus fixedly holds a ground electrode and rotates an insulator together with a center electrode relative to the ground electrode. During the rotation, a signal light is irradiated toward the center electrode and the shape of the identification mark is detected from the received signal light. When the shape of the mark comes to correspond to a predetermined pattern, the center electrode is stopped from rotating and fitted solidly with the ground electrode.

Abstract: Improved systems and methods are disclosed for exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tubes having metal envelopes for high performance x-ray systems having a rotating anode therein. The methods and systems for sealing a metal tubulation, having a diameter greater than about 20 mm and operatively connected to the x-ray tube metal envelope, to a metal disk positioned inside the metal tubulation, the metal disk having a smaller diameter than at least one portion of the metal tubulation include providing a vacuum connection to the metal tubulation and a heater positioned on the outside of the metal tubulation; heating the anode of the x-ray tube to temperatures inside the x-ray tube metal envelope of about 1500.degree. C.

Abstract: Improved systems and methods are disclosed for exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tubes having glass envelopes for high performance x-ray system having a rotating anode therein. The systems and methods include using a metal tubulation having a diameter greater than about 20 mm operatively connected to a glass tubulation having a diameter greater than about 20 mm which is in turn connected to a glass x-ray tube envelope; positioning a metal disk inside the metal tubulation, the metal disk having a smaller diameter than at least one portion of the metal tubulation, and connecting a vacuum pump to the metal portion of the tubulation; positioning heating means on the outside of the metal portion of the tubulation, heating the anode of the x-ray tube to a temperature inside the x-ray tube envelope to about 1500.degree. C.

Abstract: Multi-chip modules provided with a pin array may, under close scrutiny, display certain defects that may cause reliability problems. The presence of even one such defect necessitates the scrapping of the module. A method of salvaging the module is described, wherein the module is reworked by the method comprising the steps of applying a shearing force against the pins. During which the module is exposed to a temperature at or above that which is necessary for softening the braze material to remove the pins; polishing the surface of the module including the pads; evaporating the new pads; and attaching new pins to the pads.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tubes having glass envelopes for high performance x-ray system having a rotating anode therein. The system and methods include providing a glass tubulation having a diameter greater than about 20 mm; then operatively connecting the glass tubulation to the x-ray tube glass envelope; providing a metal disk inside the glass tubulation, the metal disk having a smaller diameter than the glass tubulation, providing a vacuum to the glass tubulation; heating the anode of the x-ray tube to a temperature inside the x-ray tube envelope of about 1500.degree. C.

Abstract: A recess having a vertical side wall is formed in a silicon substrate, and a first sacrificial film is deposited on the surface of the silicon substrate and etched to form a side spacer on the side wall of the recess. A second sacrificial film is deposited over the substrate surface and oxidized to form an oxide film on the surface of the second sacrificial film, this oxide film serving as a cathode mold die. A cathode conductive film is deposited and selectively etched to form a field emission cathode.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of splicing rolled plates with each other, including the steps of (a) positioning a rear end portion of a leading rolled plate above a front end portion of a following rolled plate by a distance slightly greater than a diameter of a cylindrical cutter having a rotation axis extending in a width-wise direction of the leading and following rolled plates, the positioning being carried out while the leading and following rolled plates are being transferred, (b) cutting an upper surface of the front end portion of the following rolled plate with the cylindrical cutter only within a region at which the following rolled plate is to be spliced with the leading rolled plate, the cutting being carried out in a direction F in which the rolled plates are being transferred, (c) blowing a first reducing flame to the upper surface being cut from above the upper surface in the direction F while the step (b) is being carried out, (d) cutting a lower surface of the rear end portion of the leadin

Abstract: A first recess having a vertical or generally vertical side wall is formed in a surface layer of a substrate. A polysilicon film as a gate electrode material film is deposited on the substrate by film deposition process with poor step coverage. The polysilicon film is oxidized to leave the polysilicon film only outside of the first recess and form a silicon oxide film having a second recess with a sharp edge over the first recess. An emitter electrode material film is formed on the silicon oxide film, filling the second recess with a field emission emitter. An opening is formed in the emitter electrode material film to etch and remove the silicon oxide films around and under the field emission emitter. A field emission emitter having a tip with a small radius of curvature and a small apex angle can be manufactured in self-alignment with a gate opening, with simple processes, with good controllability, to provide high electric performance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing EL lamp systems is available which incorporates some of the processes used in manufacturing flexible, printed circuit boards with surface mounted components along with those used to form multilayered EL lamps. The EL lamp system produced by this method is suitable for a variety of graphics and low-cost consumer applications.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of fabrication and structure for spacers between the anode substrate and the cathode substrate of a field emission display. The spacers have a high aspect ratio and will be invisible to the human eye in the display image. An adhesive dielectric paste of glass frit in a binder is formed in cylindrical holes in a photoresist layer. Glass spacer spheres are placed on each column of dielectric paste. When fired the glass frit coalesces into a solid glass rod and bonds the glass spacer sphere to one end of the solid glass rod and the anode substrate to the other end of the solid glass rod. The firing also burns away the photoresist layer. The dark area in the image due to the spacers is less than 50 micrometers which will be invisible to the human eye.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a shadow mask of the nickel-iron type, in which an aperture-patterned sheet of a nickel-iron alloy comprising 35-37% by weight of Ni and less than 0.1% by weight of each constituent of the group of Mn, Cr and Si and at most 0.9% by weight of Co is given a thermal treatment for obtaining an ASTM grain number of .gtoreq.7, and the sheet thus obtained is given the desired shape of a shadow mask having a thermal expansion coefficient of .ltoreq.0.9.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C.

Abstract: An integrated circuit electronic grid device includes first and second metal layers wherein the metal layers are vertically disposed within a substitute. A layer of a dielectric medium is disposed between the metal layers and a third metal layer is spaced apart from the second metal layer and insulated from the second metal layer by another layer of a dielectric medium. The first and second metal layers are biased with respect to each other to cause a flow electrons from the first metal layer toward the second metal layer. The second metal layer is provided with a large plurality of holes adapted for permitting the flow of electrons to substantially pass therethrough and to travel toward the third metal layer. A fourth metal layer is spaced apart from the third metal layer to collect the electrons wherein the third metal layer is also provided with a large plurality of holes to permit the electrons to flow therethrough and continue toward the fourth metal layer.

Abstract: Improved field-emission devices are based on composing the back contact to the emitter material such that electron-injection efficiency into the emitter material is enhanced. Alteration of the emitter material structure near the contact or geometric field enhancement due to contact morphology gives rise to the improved injection efficiency. The devices are able to emit electrons at high current density and lower applied potential differences and temperatures than previously achieved. Wide-bandgap emitter materials without shallow donors benefit from this approach. The emission characteristics of diamond substitutionally doped with nitrogen, having a favorable emitter/vacuum band structure but being limited by the efficiency of electron injection into it, show especial improvement in the context of the invention.

Abstract: An electron emitter plate (110) for an FED image display has an extraction (gate) electrode (22) spaced by a dielectric insulating spacer (125) from a cathode electrode including a conductive mesh (18). Arrays (12) of microtips (14) are located in mesh spacings (16), within apertures (26) formed in clusters (23) in extraction electrode (22). Microtips (14) are deposited through the apertures (26). Apertures (26) are arranged in regular, periodic arrays (23, 23', 123, 123') defining lattices having occupied apertured positions and internal unapertured vacancy positions (150, 150'). The insulating spacer (125) is etched to undercut electrode (22) to connect apertured lattice positions, forming a common cavity (141) for microtips (14) within each mesh spacing (16), and leaving central posts (143) at the unapertured vacancies (150, 150'). The etch-out reduces the dielectric constant factor of gate-to-cathode capacitance in the finished structure.

Abstract: A soldering is performed in such a manner that two solder portions having different melting points are put between a metallization on a substrate for joining and a part. The chip portion having a higher melting point is made thicker than a solder foil portion having a lower melting point. Initially, the part is held to the metallization by the solder chip having the higher melting point. The solder foil having the lower melting point is first melted in such a state and, after that, the solder chip having the higher melting point is melted. By such a soldering method, a reliable soldering can be performed, without causing a void on the undersurface of a part joint section, by one soldering operation, so that a presoldering operation becomes unnecessary.

Abstract: An elastomeric connector couples the terminal pads of an LCD with corresponding terminal pads of a printed wiring board (PWB). Conductive elements in the connector are subject to skewing at such an angle that the LCD must be adjusted relative to the PWB to attain pad alignment. Sense pads on the terminal strips are coupled to contact pads and are arranged so that a continuity test on substantially opposed contact pads will verify pad alignment. In one embodiment, one sense pad is narrower than the terminal pads so that even marginal continuity will assure proper alignment of the terminal pads. In another embodiment, a pair of sense pads on either one of the LCD and the PWB is bracketed by a pair of spaced pads on the other such that continuity is evidence of non-alignment.