Abstract: In a method for sheathing a plastic tube with a metal sheathing, a metallic band (20) is laid around a plastic tube (14), the metallic band (20) comprising longitudinal edges (32) bent to a common side thereof, which are, when the metallic band (20) is laid around the plastic tube (14), in abutment and extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plastic tube (14) and are welded together. The volume of the bent longitudinal edges (32) and the welding energy are chosen such that the metallic band (20) welded together at its longitudinal edges comprises, in the region of the longitudinal seam (46), an outer surface (50) lying substantially within the outer peripheral surface (48) of the metal sheathing after welding.

Abstract: A casting is produced using a non-sand plastic core. The plastic core is made of a thermoplastic resin and set in a casting mold so as to form a cavity in the casting mold. A molten metal such as aluminum is poured under pressure into the cavity to form the casting (product). The plastic core maintains its initial shape during casting. The remaining heat of the casting or the solidifying metal causes the plastic core to melt after the casting so that the molten plastic core is easily removed.

Abstract: A color selecting electrode mounting frame of a CRT which eliminates the waste of materials, is easy and inexpensive to process and assemble. The color selecting electrode mounting frame for a CRT comprises a pair of long members of an L-sectional shape having curved surfaces formed at their top edge portions to which two opposing sides of a color selecting electrode are attached and a pair of short members having end portions joined to the two ends of these long members. The long members are obtained by blanking a plate of a fixed width into an arc shape of a predetermined curvature, then forming this into an L-sectional shape and a curvature matching the panel glass surface of the CRT. The two end portions of the short members are processed to match the curvature of the two end portions of the long members. The end portions of the short members are processed by a twisting, crushing, or shaving process.

Abstract: A lightweight, portable automated fusion bonding apparatus consistently permits the accomplishment of fine grain, forged friction weld fusion bonding with the use of pressurized air sources commonly available at industrial facilities, automotive repair shops, and other manufacturing plants. The automated fusion bonding apparatus includes the following integrally coupled components: a drive-pressure mechanism, a passive fusion bonding mechanism, a stationary workpiece clamping mechanism, a rotatable workpiece and a stationary workpiece.

Abstract: The field emission device includes, in addition to the main, conventional array of field emission devices and its associated driving circuits, an additional, separate, pixel-sized group of field emission devices close to, but separated from, said main array. Electrons emitted by the additional pixel are collected on a separate, non-fluorescent, anode, and additional circuitry is provided, including a feedback loop from a detector of the additional pixel's cathode current to the gate voltage supply of the main array. Consequently, the voltage of the gate lines varies in inverse proportion to the cathode current of the additional pixel. This results in a display whose brightness is constant even when turned on for the first time or after a period of idleness. A method for manufacturing the device is also available.

Abstract: A system and method for producing thin, uniform powder phosphors for field emission display screens features a planarization of the phosphor powder layer. That planarization is accomplished by placing the deposited phosphor layer in an anode plate between two optical flats, which are then mounted within a mechanical press.

Abstract: An electron gun cathode structure includes a support member made of an insulating material, a first grid fixed to the support member, and a cathode disposed on the side of the support member opposite to the first grid. A thermal expansion .DELTA.L.sub.S /L.sub.S of the insulating material constituting the support member due to heat from the cathode is larger than a thermal expansion .DELTA.L.sub.G /L.sub.G of a material constituting the first grid due to heat from the cathode. A manufacturing method of an electron gun cathode structure includes preparing a member including a first face and a second face having a step therebetween, a height of the step being equal to a predetermined distance d.sub.12, placing a first grid on the first face, placing a spacer on the second face, placing an insulating support member on the first grid and the spacer, and grinding a top surface of the spacer opposite to its surface that is fixed to the support member so that an actual distance d.sub.12 becomes a desired value.

Abstract: An electron emitter plate (110) for an FED image display has an extraction (gate) electrode (22) spaced by a dielectric insulating spacer (125) from a cathode electrode including a conductive mesh (18). Arrays (12) of microtips (14) are located in mesh spacings (16), within apertures (26) formed in clusters (23) in extraction electrode (22). Microtips (14) are deposited through the apertures (26). The insulating spacer (125) is etched to undercut electrode (22) to connect apertures, forming a common cavity (141) for microtips (14) within each mesh spacing (16). Support beam structures (143) are deposited onto extraction electrode (22), either separately or simultaneously with formation of the microtips (14). The support beam structures (143) span the cavity (141) to support the extraction electrode (22) above the cathode electrode over cavity (141). The etch-out reduces the dielectric constant factor of gate-to-cathode capacitance in the finished structure.

Abstract: When three or four panel attachment springs 3 are welded to side portions of an aperture grill 1 (or 21), the aperture grill is disposed so that a grill 107 should be opposed to a predetermined reference plane. The springs are disposed by three or four spring positioning means. A posture of the aperture grill 1 (or 21) is adjusted based on measured results of the respective measurement position Z.sub.0 to Z.sub.4 of the grill 107. Positions of spring pins for supporting springs on the spring positioning means are agreed with positions of panel pins provided on a panel. Thereafter, the respective springs are simultaneously welded to the side portions of the aperture grill. Thus, it is possible to precisely weld the springs to side-portion positions of the aperture grill. When the four springs are welded, it is possible to simultaneously weld the four springs by one equipment.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a structural panel having a predetermined shape features forming an inflatable envelope assembly from at least a pair of superplastically formed and diffusion bonded metallic core sheets. The inflatable envelope assembly can be disposed between first and second metallic face sheets which are generally superplastically formed into the predetermined shape prior to being assembled. Thereafter, the assembled face sheets and the inflatable envelope assembly can be superplastically formed and diffusion bonded to form an integral structure, such as structural panel having a compound curvature. Alternatively, the inflatable envelope assembly can be disposed between a pair of reinforced titanium composite sheets. The reinforced titanium composite sheets can also be joined to adjacent face sheets, such as by welding or diffusion bonding, such that an integral structural panel having the predetermined shape can be readily fabricated.

Abstract: A light exposing device for fixing a black matrix on the internal surface of a CRT's panel is disclosed. The device includes green, blue and red light exposing units arranged in a casing one after another. Each exposing unit has a light source, a shutter, a compensating lens and a filter. A chucking unit is placed at each side of the device for selectively chucking a plurality of panels seated on the exposing units. The chucking unit is operated by a driving unit so as to move the panels on the device by one pitch. Initial and final waiting sections are provided before the green light exposing unit and after the red light exposing unit, respectively. On the waiting sections, the panels before exposing and after exposing stand by ready to be fed to the green light exposing unit and to be fed to a following process, respectively.

Abstract: A liquid flux using water instead of a volatile organic compound as the liquid carrier is used in a wave soldering process. Undesirable formation of solder balls, solder bridges and solder webbing is prevented by using an air knife to direct a vigorous jet of gas at the dielectric substrate in the preheating section.

Abstract: Friction welding tooling includes a cassette (2,4) for holding a component (6) which is to be welded with great accuracy to a clamped workpiece. The cassette is carried on the distal end of an oscillator arm (8) and urged against the workpiece surface so the cassette has to transmit the frictional heating and weld forming forces to the component. The component (6) must be clamped accurately and securely by the cassette for accurate welding. The cassette comprises a base portion (2) and a floating cap (4). The base portion carried by the oscillator arm (8) has locating features (15,16) to position the component (6) accurately. The floating cap (4) has similar locating features (13,16) but locates entirely on the component (6). The cap (4) is then securely clamped to the base portion (2) with a force transmitting wedge (22) inserted by opposing faces (24,25) in a load path.

Abstract: In a friction bonding operation the friction generating and weld forming forces are usually applied perpendicular to the joint faces. Thus, whenever the joint angle changes to component cassette part of the welding machine must be reset to a new angular orientation. This situation arises in the manufacture of a compressor BLUM (Bladed drUM) for a gas turbine engine, where the blades in successive stages are set at different HADE angles. The invention provides an improved component cassette in which the HADE angle is ignored. The cassette is interlocked with the workplace holder to provide a closed force loop to contain out-of-plane forces while retaining sufficient degrees of freedom to allow the friction generating and welding movements to proceed unimpeded.

Abstract: A matrix addressable flat panel display includes a flat cathode operable for emitting electrons to an anode when an electric field is produced across the surface of the flat cathode by two electrodes placed on each side of the flat cathode. The flat cathode may consist of a cermet or amorphic diamond or some other combination of a conducting material and an insulating material such as a low effective work function material. The electric field produced causes electrons to hop on the surface of the cathode at the conducting-insulating interfaces. An electric field produced between the anode and the cathode causes these electrons to bombard a phosphor layer on the anode.

Abstract: An interference filter or coating is provided in a predetermined pattern on a lamp envelope. The coating is comprised of alternating layers of high and low index of refraction materials applied to a vitreous outer surface of a lamp envelope. The coating may be geometrically symmetric or asymmetric, continuous or discontinuous with respect to the coating itself or the envelope to which it has been applied. The envelope can be masked prior to deposition of the coating so that removal of the mask leaves the filter in the desired pattern. The preferred process for forming the coating includes forming a boric oxide mask on a portion of the envelope, applying the coating over the mask and removing the coating from masked areas of the envelope by dissolving the mask in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: Described are methods for making, and resultant structures of, a field emission display with soft luminescence and a comfortable image for a viewer of the display. The field emission display is formed with a baseplate and an opposing face plate. Field emission microtips are formed in openings in a conductive and insulating layer on the baseplate. An anode is formed on either the faceplate, or on the conductive layer surrounding each opening. Phosphorescent material is formed over the anode. A blocking layer is formed between the phosphor and the faceplate, such that during operation of the display direct light emission from the phosphor is blocked, resulting in indirect phosphorescence and a more comfortable display image. An optional reflective layer may be added over the conductive layer to increase phosphorescence.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for selecting a threshold for use by a boundary tracker to locate a crescent on a bonded lead involves creating a two-dimensional inspection window along the angle of the wire in a post-bond image of a bonded wire in order to generate a one-dimensional projection; generating a one-dimensional projection by summing each column of pixels in the inspection window in the direction of the wire angle and computing an average grey value for each column; and applying an edge-detection to the one-dimensional projection to locate the edges of the wire. If an edge point falls directly in the center of a pixel of the one-dimensional projection, the grey value for that edge point is considered to be the grey value of that pixel. If the edge falls between pixels, the edge's grey value is determined by the fractional pixel position of the edge point in the projection. The grey values of the left and right edge points are averaged and used as the threshold value.

Abstract: A transportable welding station has a first tower supporting at least one pair of power-driven rollers and a second tower supporting a pair of rollers aligned with those of the first tower. A piece of pipe may be cut or welded as it is supported and rotated by the two sets of rollers, thereby permitting a smooth continuous cut or weld around the entire circumference of pipe. To accommodate different lengths of pipe, a welder can change the distance between the two towers. A version with two pairs of power-driven rollers supported by the first tower allows short lengths of pipe to be welded. Even shorter or irregularly shaped pieces may be welded as they are held by a chuck that is turned by the rollers supported by the first tower. A work table is also provided to allow those whose job is to tack, or tentatively join, pipe sections so that those people may work with a small ancillary welding machine. A fold-up jib crane allows heavy pipe workpieces to be loaded onto the welding station.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device comprises a pair of oppositely disposed electrodes and an electroconductive film inclusive of an electron-emitting region arranged between the electrodes. The electric resistance of the electroconductive film is reduced after forming the electron-emitting region in the course of manufacturing the electron-emitting device.