Abstract: A high-resolution imaging apparatus that includes a multi-purpose high-energy particle sensor array to initially stop high-energy particles and then transfer the down-converted photons into near zero energy photoelectrons is described, as well as the method to produce the same. The imaging apparatus is a segmented scintillator structure optically coupled to a closely placed photocathode structure for high-efficiency conversion of high-energy particles with an arbitrary spatial distribution to the corresponding distribution of photoelectrons, emitted with a very low spread in energy and momentum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a self-powered perovskite X-ray detector. The self-powered perovskite X-ray detector according to an embodiment of the present invention has a shape wherein a scintillator converting incident X-rays into visible light is combined with a perovskite photodetector, wherein the scintillator and the perovskite light absorption layer include a perovskite compound represented by Formula 1 below: AaMbXc??[Formula 1] where A is a monovalent cation, M is a divalent metal cation or a trivalent metal cation, X is a monovalent anion, a+2b=c when M is a divalent metal cation, a+3b=4c when M is a trivalent metal cation, and a, b, and c are natural numbers.

Abstract: A radiation scanning system comprises a radiation detection sub-assembly, and a routing sub-assembly coupled to the radiation detection sub-assembly. The radiation detection sub-assembly comprises a first substrate electrically connected to the radiation detection sub-assembly, and a second substrate electrically connected to the first substrate. The radiation scanning system further comprises one or more radiation shields between the first substrate and the second substrate, and one or more semiconductor dice electrically connected to the second substrate on a side of the second substrate opposite the first substrate. Related radiation detector arrays radiation scanning systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a radiation detector includes: a substrate; multiple control lines; multiple data lines; multiple detecting parts detecting radiation including thin film transistors; a control circuit switching between ON and OFF-states of the transistor; a signal detection circuit reading image data when the transistor is in the ON-state; and an incident radiation detecting part determining an incidence start time of the radiation based on a value of the image data read when the transistor is in the ON-state. When the incident radiation detecting part determines that radiation incidence has started, the signal detection circuit performs a first reading process of further reading image data when the transistor is in the ON-state. The control circuit performs an image storage process of setting all of the transistors to the OFF-state after the first reading process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method comprising: forming electrical contacts on a first surface of an epitaxial layer supported on a substrate, the first surface being opposite from the substrate; bonding the epitaxial layer to an electronics layer, wherein the first surface faces the electronics layer and the electrical contacts on the first surface are bonded to electrical contacts of the electronics layer; exposing a second surface opposite the first surface by removing the substrate; and forming a common electrode on the second surface.

Abstract: A scintillator unit that can reduce crosstalk when the scintillator unit includes a plurality of scintillators and a radiation detector are provided. More specifically, a scintillator unit includes a reflective layer between a plurality of scintillators and the plurality of scintillators, wherein an adhesive layer and a low-refractive-index layer with a lower refractive index than the adhesive layer are located in this order on the scintillators between the scintillators and the reflective layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for forming a radiation detector. The method comprises forming a radiation absorption layer and bonding an electronics layer to the radiation absorption layer. The electronics layer comprises an electronic system configured to process electrical signals generated in the radiation absorption layer upon absorbing radiation photons. The method for forming the radiation absorption layer comprises forming a trench into a first surface of a semiconductor substrate; doping a sidewall of the trench; forming a first electrical contact on the first surface; forming a second electrical contact on a second surface of the semiconductor substrate. The second surface is opposite the first surface. The method further comprises dicing the semiconductor substrate along the trench.

Abstract: An is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a two-dimensional perovskite having a polaronic emission Stokes' shifted by at least 50 nm to minimise loss due to re-absorption.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for forming a radiation detector. The method comprises forming a radiation absorption layer and bonding an electronics layer to the radiation absorption layer. The electronics layer comprises an electronic system configured to process electrical signals generated in the radiation absorption layer upon absorbing radiation photons. The method for forming the radiation absorption layer comprises forming a trench into a first surface of a semiconductor substrate; doping a sidewall of the trench; forming a first electrical contact on the first surface; forming a second electrical contact on a second surface of the semiconductor substrate. The second surface is opposite the first surface. The method further comprises dicing the semiconductor substrate along the trench.

Abstract: A monolithic sensor for detecting infrared and visible light according to an example includes a semiconductor substrate and a semiconductor layer coupled to the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor layer includes a device surface opposite the semiconductor substrate. A visible light photodiode is formed at the device surface. An infrared photodiode is also formed at the device surface and in proximity to the visible light photodiode. A textured region is coupled to the infrared photodiode and positioned to interact with electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method for quantifying a crude oil in water is provided. The method includes selecting an ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) wavelength to perform a measurement, preparing calibration solutions in xylene, and preparing a calibration curve from the calibration solutions. A sample is prepared including extracting the crude oil from the water in a two-phase separation with xylene. An absorbance of the sample in the xylene is measured at the UV/Vis wavelength. A concentration of the crude oil in the water is calculated from the absorbance.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to X-ray detectors and more particularly to a system and a method for integrating an anti-scattering grid with scintillators to significantly enhance the performance of flat panel X-ray detector. In particular, the performance of a flat panel X-ray detector may be enhanced by photon counting detector pixels configured underneath the septa of a 2D antiscatter grid.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the airspace around an aircraft or the road, runway, taxiway, movement area condition or any other object or surface of interest ahead of a vehicle, even in inclement weather is disclosed. The present teachings provide a system for characterizing cloud drops, cloud ice particles, other hydrometeors such drizzle, rain or falling snow, and for distinguishing dry surfaces from those covered by water, snow, frost, and various types of ice even when they cover only a fraction of the field of view of the road condition monitoring system, even in inclement weather.

Abstract: A non-linear optical pumping detection apparatus and a non-linear optical absorption cross-section measurement method, which can simultaneously measure degenerate and non-degenerate two-photon absorption cross-section spectra. The measurement process is automatic, efficient and fast. The working wavelength band is from 380 nm to near infrared 1064 nm, and the non-linear performance measurement of the super-continuous wide spectra can be realized. A zoom optical system with a larger entrance pupil diameter is adopted as a weak signal acquisition lens. So the weak signal can be effectively extracted from background noise. Meanwhile, the mean square root diameter of an on-axis image point of the zoom optical system is 100 to 150 microns, the divergence angle 2? of the on-axis image point is 30.6 degrees, which well match the optical fiber coupling condition, thereby improving the coupling efficiency of the space light coupling into the optical fiber, and greatly improving the measurement sensitivity.

Abstract: A sensor unit (14) for a radiation detector (12), the sensor unit (14) comprising a conversion element (22) comprising a plurality of imaging pixels (30), wherein each imaging pixel (30) is configured to directly convert radiation into an electrical charge and wherein each imaging pixel (30) comprises a charge collection electrode (28); and a readout substrate (24) comprising a plurality of readout pixels (32), wherein each readout pixel (32) is connected to an associated imaging pixel (30) by means of an interconnection (36) at a connection position on the charge collection electrode (28); wherein each readout pixel (32) has a smaller area than an associated imaging pixel (30) of the plurality of imaging pixels (30); and wherein the connection positions in relation to the charge collection electrodes (28) are varied with respect to a neighboring charge collection electrode (28). A radiation detector (12) and a method of manufacturing a sensor unit (14) are also provided.

Abstract: A system is provided. The system includes a conveyor apparatus configured for conveying a material and a water content measurement system positioned about the conveyor apparatus for determining water content in the material. A dimension characteristic measurement system for detecting one or more dimension characteristics of the material is provided and a computer device is configured to manipulate data received from the water content measurement system and the dimension characteristic measurement system to determine a water content of the material.

Abstract: Signal output apparatus and concentration measurement system has a light receiving unit and an interface unit provided at a support unit. Light receiving unit receives infrared rays emitted to a measurement target substance, and outputs a detection signal according to received infrared rays. Storage unit stores a parameter according to a characteristic of at least one of a plurality of components including the light receiving unit, the parameter being used for concentration computation of the measurement target substance, as a calibration parameter. Interface unit outputs an output signal including a calibration parameter signal according to the calibration parameter input from the storage unit and a signal based on the detection signal input from the light receiving unit to a signal computation processing unit, without executing the concentration computation.

Abstract: A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltage output from the amplifier of each of the plurality of pixels to a digital value and output the digital value, a correction unit configured to correct the digital value output from the A/D converter so that an influence of a variation in a gain and an offset value among the plurality of pixels is curbed, a calculation unit configured to output a summed value obtained by summing the corrected digital values corresponding to at least two pixels, and a conversion unit configured to convert the summed value output from the calculation unit to a number of photons.

Abstract: A radiography system comprising a radiography device and a power supply device is provided. The radiography device includes a sensor unit for obtaining a radiographic image and is capable of non-contact power reception, and the power supply device is capable of non-contact power supply to the radiography device. In a period in which a fluctuation in a power supply frequency of the power supply from the power supply device to the radiography device affects a signal obtained by the radiography device from the sensor unit, the power supply device supplies power to the radiography device at a constant power supply frequency.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing electromagnetic radiation sensing using sequential beam splitting. The apparatuses can include a micro-mirror chip having a plurality of light reflecting surfaces, an image sensor having an imaging surface, and a beamsplitter unit located between the micro-mirror chip and the image sensor. The beamsplitter unit includes a plurality of beamsplitters aligned along a horizontal axis that is parallel to the micro-mirror chip and the imaging surface. The beamsplitters implement the sequential beam splitting. Because of the structure of the beamsplitter unit, the height of the arrangement of the micro-mirror chip, the beamsplitter unit, and the image sensor is reduced such that the arrangement can fit within a mobile device.