Abstract: The present disclosure describes a computer implemented method, a system, and a computer program product of determining intrinsic viscosity and Huggins constant of an unknown sample. In an embodiment, the method, system, and computer program product include receiving concentration detector signal values over time from a concentration detector corresponding to a series of aliquots of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, receiving specific viscosity values over time from a viscometer corresponding to the series of aliquots, calculating a total mass of each of the aliquots, calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of each of the aliquots, calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of each of the aliquots, and fitting the total mass, the first intermediate viscosity value, and the second intermediate viscosity value to a fitting, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample.

Abstract: A medical imaging system for detecting ionizing radiation. The system includes one or more pixilated imagers positioned to acquire patient image data and one or more position sensors positioned to acquire patient position data. Once the patient image data and patient position data are acquired, one or more processors operably connected to each of the one or more pixilated imagers and one or more position sensors calculate a three-dimensional mass distribution based on patient image data and patient position data.

Abstract: An x-ray-based cement evaluation tool for determining whether a cement bond exists between the casing and cement of a cemented borehole is provided, the tool including at least: an internal length comprising a sonde section, wherein said sonde section further comprises an x-ray source; a radiation shield for radiation measuring detectors; arrayed pixelated detectors; sonde-dependent electronics; and a plurality of tool logic electronics and PSUs. A method of using an x-ray-based cement evaluation tool for measuring a cement bond between a casing and the cement of a cemented borehole is also provided, the method including: producing x-ray in a conical beam to illuminate a well casing; measurement of the returning photons as a function of radial and axial offset; remapping the intensity of returning photons to a geometric response within the casing and cement; and determining whether an annulus is present between the casing and cement.

Abstract: A calibration target for calibrating an optoelectronic device for analyzing biomolecules by detecting fluorescence signals from a sample includes a substrate and a solid fluorescent layer that is disposed on the substrate and capable of being excited by laser light. The fluorescent layer has an optically inactive matrix having embedded therein a carbon-based component that is excitable to light emission.

Abstract: A sensor module that may include optics and a sensor located downstream to the optics. The optics may include a self-assembling polymer and luminescent elements embedded in the self-assembling polymer.

Abstract: A scintillator panel includes a substrate made of an organic material, a barrier layer formed on the substrate and including thallium iodide as a main component, and a scintillator layer formed on the barrier layer and including cesium iodide as a main component. According to this scintillator panel, moisture resistance can be improved by providing the barrier layer between the substrate and the scintillator layer.

Abstract: A sensor module for measuring a concentration of a gas by utilizing changes in an amount of absorbed light includes a light emitting device and a light receiving device configured to receive light emitted by the light emitting device, wherein the light emitting device and the light receiving device are disposed to face each other across a gap, wherein the light emitting device and the light receiving device are positioned such as to be exposed to the gas, and the gap forms part of a flow pathway of the gas, and wherein the gap is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 1.0 mm.

Abstract: Methods and devices for detecting incident radiation, such as incident X-rays, gamma-rays, and/or alpha particle radiation are provided. The methods and devices use high purity, high quality single-crystals of inorganic semiconductor compounds, including solid solutions, having the formula AB2X5, where A represents Tl or In, B represents Sn or Pb, and X represents Br or I, as photoelectric materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is radiation detector, comprising a first photodiode comprising a first junction; and a first scintillator, wherein a first point in a first plane and inside the first scintillator is essentially completely surrounded in the first plane by an intersection of the first plane and the first junction. The first junction is a p-n junction, a p-i-n junction, a heterojunction, or a Schottky junction. The radiation detector further comprises a first reflector configured to guide essentially all photons emitted by the first scintillator into the first photodiode. The first scintillator is essentially completely enclosed by the first reflector and the first photodiode.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes an x-ray sensor including an x-ray source having a high voltage power supply for emitting an x-ray spectrum and an x-ray detector for providing a measured x-ray signal value responsive to the x-rays received after transmission through a coated substrate including a sheet material having a coating material thereon. A second sensor is a beta gauge or infrared sensor for providing a second sensor signal that includes data for determining a total weight per unit area of the coated substrate or of the sheet material A computing device receives the measured x-ray signal value and the second sensor signal configured to implement an x-ray based calculation that utilizes absorption coefficients for the coating material and sheet material, the measured x-ray signal value, the x-ray spectrum, and the weight measure as a calculation constraint, for computing at least the weight per unit area of the coating material.

Abstract: An image processing device 100 includes a calculation unit 110 for calculating a solar radiation spectrum in a given area on the ground surface on the basis of an observed image of the area, a solar radiation spectrum component of the area, and the spectrum of a pure substance estimated in the area, and a conversion unit 120 for converting the observed image on the basis of the calculated solar radiation spectrum.

Abstract: A sample carrier is provided for carrying a liquid sample to be measured by a spectrometer. The sample carrier includes a frame body and a mesh-like carrier body. The frame body has a notch located at the bottom of the frame body. The mesh-like carrier body is fixed to the frame body and located at the notch, the mesh-like carrier body has a plurality of apertures, and the liquid sample is retained in at least some of the apertures. Also provided is a spectrometer including the sample carrier. The sample carrier is capable of carrying the liquid sample and allows simple light path control.

Abstract: A non-destructive inspection system 1 includes a neutron detecting unit 4 and an arithmetic unit 60. The neutron detecting unit 4 includes a collimator 30 and a neutron detector 20 integrated together. The collimator 30 has a wall defining a through passage P. The wall is made from a material that absorbs neutrons produced via an inspection object. The neutron detector 20 is capable of detecting neutrons that have passed through the collimator 30. The arithmetic unit 60 generates information on a position and composition of the inspection object, based on information on the neutrons detected by the neutron detector 20, positional information indicating the position of the neutron detecting unit 4, and posture information indicating the posture of the neutron detecting unit 4. The positional information and the posture information are detected by a position and posture detecting unit 5.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for monitoring calibration of positron emission tomography (PET) systems. In some variations, the systems include an imaging assembly having a gantry comprising a plurality of positron emission detectors. A housing may be coupled to the gantry, and the housing may include a bore and a radiation source holder spaced away from a patient scan region within the bore. A processor may be configured to receive positron emission data from the positron emission detectors and to distinguish the positron emission data from the radiation source holder and from the patient scan region. A fault signal may be generated when the positron emission data from the radiation source holder exceeds one or more threshold parameters or criteria.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate for a digital X-ray detector device includes a p+ type semiconductor layer and a p? type semiconductor layer having different impurity concentrations are disposed above an intrinsic semiconductor layer of the PIN diode and an n+ type semiconductor layer and an n? type semiconductor layer having different impurity concentrations are disposed below the intrinsic semiconductor layer of the PIN diode to minimize ejection of holes by the p? type semiconductor layer and minimize ejection of electros by the n? type semiconductor layer, thereby minimizing occurrence of leakage current of the PIN diode.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information includes an optical sensor including a light source configured to emit light of multiple wavelengths onto an object, and including a plurality of detectors configured to detect light of each wavelength which is scattered or reflected from the object. The apparatus includes a processor configured to obtain spectra based on light of each wavelength which is detected by each detector, determine valid spectra of the obtained spectra, and estimate a bio-information value based on the valid spectra.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging method includes the following steps: (a) performing a first object imaging and obtaining a first object intensity signal by detecting an X-ray passing through a first object; (b) performing baseline imaging process, obtaining a baseline intensity signal by detecting the X-ray when the first object is not in a FOV; and; (c) obtaining the first thickness of the first object by performing operations on the first object intensity signal, the baseline intensity signal, and the first attenuation coefficient of the first object.

Abstract: A medical imaging tool is described, capable of providing in real time 2-D images of the prompt gamma fields released during patient treatment. Owing to its millimetre position accuracy, the instrument is particularly suited for applications where a precise determination of the end-of-range (Bragg peak) of the beam is of paramount importance, as in cancerous and non-cancerous targets for treatment with ion beams and for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. With its unique dual-layer conception in coincidence, the instrument has high rejection ability against false neutron-generated counts, the principal source of background noise for in-beam dose monitoring. It can also provide a coarse measurement of the gamma incidence angle, permitting a correction of the parallax error, main source of dispersion for large area detectors employing collimators.

Abstract: Systems and methods for dose calibration. A dose calibrator may include one or more radiation sources, one or more solid-state detectors and one or more plates positioned between the one or more radiation sources and the one or more solid-state detectors. The one or more solid-state detectors capture one or more images based on emissions received from the one or more radiation sources through the one or more plates for estimating activity of the one or more radiation sources.

Abstract: Provided are an underwater radiation monitoring system and method. The monitoring system includes a plurality of sensors configured to measure a value of underwater radiation in a measurement area in which underwater radiation is to be measured, the plurality of sensors being installed in the measurement area by being arranged in a form which is set on the basis of information about the measurement area; and an electronic device configured to identify a value of underwater radiation in the measurement area on the basis of the values of underwater radiation measured by the plurality of sensors, wherein at least one first sensor among the plurality of sensors is connected to the electronic device to collect measured values obtained from the at least one first sensor and a plurality of second sensors excluding the at least one first sensor and to transmit the collected measured values to the electronic device.