Abstract: An invariant numeric reference format is defined in a run-time environment for both run-time and storage use. A numeric reference to an object encodes the location of the object as an integral offset from an implicit machine pointer. In environments where the size of contiguous virtual memory segments is limited, objects are stored in a number of fixed-size contiguous chunks in virtual memory called pages. A page-offset numeric reference includes an offset and a page number, which is used to index a page map that contains a page pointer to the beginning of the page. Page-offset numeric references are dereferenced by adding the offset in the numeric reference to the page pointer obtained from the page map based on the page number in the numeric reference.