Abstract: A process for the saccharification of celluloses is provided. More particularly, a solution obtained after the degradative saccharification of cellulosic materials with cellulases is separated into a liquid portion containing saccharides and a solid matter. Cellulases are recovered from said liquid portion containing saccharides, while said solid matter is treated with an aqueous pH-buffered solution, or an aqueous solution, alcoholic aqueous solution or aqueous pH-buffered solution of polysaccharides or oligosaccharides, or aqueous or aqueous pH-buffered solution of alcohols to recover the cellulases in the solid matter. With the use of this solid matter, newly added cellulosic materials are degradatively saccharified in an aqueous solution or the above-mentioned solutions.

Abstract: 3'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate is oligomerized to form (2'-5')-oligo (3'-deoxyadenylate) by incubation with adenosine triphosphate: (2'-5')-oligo adenosine adenyl transferase, in the presence of an inert support carrying a double straded polynucleotide. The (2'-5')-oligo (3'-deoxyadenylate) is digested with a suitable phosphatase to remove the terminal phosphate groups. The thus produced corresponding 3'-deoxyadenosine compound is an anti-viral material effective against Herpes Simplex infection and effective in inhibiting the transformation of cells infected with Epstein Barr virus.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the production and use of enzymes that degrade lipopolysaccharide bioemulsifiers, and, in particular, emulsans. The enzymes may be used to demulsify bioemulsifier-stabilized hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new protease having the following properties: (1) it is able to hydrolitically cleave a peptide bond between two adjacent basic amino acids in a peptide chain; (2) it has a molecular weight of about 43,000 as determined by electrophoresis; (3) it is inhibited by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, but is not inhibited by monoiodoacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, and leupeptin. The protese can be produced by culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and recovering purification by conventional methods, and is useful as a processing enzyme for conversion of a prohormone to an active hormone.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing N-acylneuraminate aldolase comprising incubating a mutant of the genus Escherichia capable of producing N-acylneuraminate aldolase even in the absence of any inducing substance, and collecting N-acylneuraminate aldolase from the resulting culture.

Abstract: The invention concerns a stable glucose isomerase concentrate, in which the glucose isomerase is present as dissolved in a concentrated polyhydroxy compound containing water solution. The invention also concerns a process for the preparation of such a glucose isomerase concentrate, whereby(a) a suitable salt is added to a partially purified glucose isomerase solution obtained from fermentation, so as to crystallize the glucose isomerase,(b) the solution is cooled so as to promote crystallization of the glucose isomerase, and the crystal mass formed is separated, whereupon, if desired, one or several recrystallizations are performed, and(c) a carbohydrate or a concentrated water solution of same is added to the crystal mass obtained, which said mass is dissolved, whereby a stable glucose isomerase concentrate is obtained. The glucose isomerase concentrate in accordance with the invention is used for immobilizing the glucose isomerase on a carrier material.

Abstract: Process for producing peroxidase by cultivating Coprinus macrorhizus K-1330 (FERM BP-648).

Abstract: The invention relates to ATP: polynucleotide adenylyltransferase enzyme and a method for its preparation comprising extraction from monocotyledonous plant tissue and chromatographic separation.

Abstract: Sweetening agents for human and animal foods in the solid or liquid states contain at least 50% by weight of leucrose. They may additionally contain one or more sweetening agents selected from the group consisting of artificial sweeteners and sugar surrogates. The leucrose is produced by reaction of saccharose with .alpha.-(1-6)-glucosyl transferase in the presence of at least 100 mmoles of fructose per 1,000 I.U. of enzyme, and at least a partial separation of the dextrans and iso-malto-oligosaccharides. Leucrose may be prepared by this method having a purity of at least 98% and may be used as a non-cariogenic, metabolically fully utilizable sweetening agent with good compatibility which is also suitable for diabetics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process for decolorization of E1 effluent. Specifically, novel enzymes, designated rLDM.TM., and other ligninolytic enzymes present in the extracellular growth medium from a fermentation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, are used to decolorize the effluent.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and the microorganism and enzyme used therein to degrade the Xanthan molecule. The microorganism is a soil bacterium, Bacillus sp. The method includes using the mixed culture, or a supernatant derived therefrom or the purified enzyme itself.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the recovery of biological material from an aqueous solution comprising contacting a water-insoluble, particulate binder with a solution containing biological material to produce a water insoluble biological material/binder composition which may then be recovered. The aqueous solutions may then be recycled.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a novel enzymatic process for bleaching kraft pulp. Specifically, novel enzymes, designated rLDM.TM., and other ligninolytic enzymes present in the extracellular growth medium from a fermentation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, are used to bleach kraft pulp to a desired lighter color.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing transglucosidase comprising culturing a strain of Talaromyces duponti in a suitable nutrient growth medium and isolating the transglucosidase therefrom. Also disclosed is the transglucosidase produced by T. duponti.

Abstract: Methods are described for the preparation and isolation of novel decapeptides of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each X is independently selected from the group comprising hydroxyl and hydrogen, wherein each R is independently selected from the group containing hydrogen and methyl, from bioadhesive polyphenolic proteins which comprise: ##STR2## wherein n is a whole number from about 60 to about 100, wherein each X is independently selected from the group comprising hydroxyl and hydrogen, and wherein each R is independently selected from the group comprising hydrogen and methyl.Such decapeptides may be used to construct large polyphenolic molecules comprising from about 1 to about 1000 decapeptide repeating units and wherein the linking group is selected from the group comprising amino acid, oligopeptide and bifunctional spacer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process for enhancing the strength properties and brightness stability of mechanical pulps. The process uses novel enzymes called rLDM.TM. and other ligninolytic enzymes present in the extracellular growth medium of a fermentation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Abstract: Novel lignin-degrading enzymes designated rLDM.TM.1, rLDM.TM.2, rLDM.TM.3, rLDM.TM.4, rLDM.TM.5, and rLDM.TM.6 are isolated and purified to the essentially pure form, wherein each rLDM.TM. is substantially free of other rLDM.TM. and native proteins, from the extracellular medium of a novel mutant microbe. The novel mutant, designated SC26, produces large amounts of the rLDM.TM., thus facilitating the isolation and purification of them. These rLDM.TM. are useful in pulping processes to degrade and/or modify lignin.

Abstract: Xylose isomerase, from strains of the Streptomyces murinus cluster, a method for production of such xylose isomerase, immobilized xylose isomerase and a method for isomerization of glucose to fructose therewith.

Abstract: A microorganism of a new species of the genus Streptomyces having an ability to produce chitinase has been found, and a method of producing chitinase using this microorganism is disclosed.

Abstract: Immobilized enzymes covalently bound to an inorganic carrier by an amino group through a bifunctional spacer have improved properties when the carrier is formed of amorphous, approximately spherical silica particles obtained from synthetic calcium silicate. The silica particles have an average particle size of from 15 to 80 .mu.m, an apparent particle volume of from 1.3 to 3 cm.sup.3 /g, and a specific surface area of from 250 to 800 m.sup.2 /g.