Abstract: In the case of piston-machines and in particular those having an elastically deformable sealing tube between the piston and the cylinder, which causes a relatively large structural length of the cylinder-piston arrangement and is provided if necessary with a forced feed for the lubricant, a reduction in the space requirement, in particular the structural length of the cylinder-piston arrangement is achieved by a driving member (30) associated with each piston (20) and embracing the associated cylinder (25) externally and extending over at least part of the length of the cylinder, and frictionally connected, e.g., to a rotating driving mechanism (10). The pulsating secondary space (35) formed by the driving member (30) at the outside of the cylinder (25) is connected for the avoidance of shock pressures because of filling with lubricant liquid flowing away, through a balancing channel (40) of large cross-sectional area to a pressure-balancing chamber (110).

Abstract: An actual pressure of a fluid having an ambient pressure as part thereof is sensed by a sensor. When the actual pressure decreases below a predetermined pressure, a signal is produced. If desired, the sensor may cause production of the signal when the actual pressure of the fluid exceeds a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A pneumatic servo valve comprising a piston in a cylinder. Both controlling surfaces of the piston are exposed to controlling air. The piston is provided with an axial drilling extending through it, which communicates via a radial groove with an inlet of controlling air. Both openings of the drilling are normally closed by spring actuated mushroom valves. Controlling chambers in the cylinder communicate through calibrated conduits in the piston with the radial groove, and can be put into communication with the surrounding atmosphere via outlets. The outlets are controlled by electromagnet valves. A microcomputer receives signals from correct and actual value indicators respectively, and administers opening and closing of the valves. When one of these is opened the connected controlling chamber is decompressed and the piston moves in the direction of the empty chamber. One of the mushroom valves follows the movement of the piston, while the other mushroom valve is prevented from moving by a valve seat.

Abstract: A vacuum actuator having a vacuum chamber and an atmospheric chamber separated from each other by a diaphragm, and an actuator rod connected at one end to the diaphragm and extending across the atmospheric chamber to the outside of the actuator so as to be connected to an object to be actuated. At least one annular solenoid coil is mounted on the upper surface of the upper wall of the case defining the vacuum chamber, with the axis of the solenoid coil extending substantially at a right angle to the axis of the actuator rod. A plunger of the annular solenoid coil is adapted to be moved in one and the other directions along the axis of the annular solenoid coil. The end of the plunger is adapted to be moved into and out of a control pressure chamber of valve case. A port for introducing a vacuum from a vacuum passage into the control pressure chamber and a port for introducing the atmospheric pressure into the same are formed in the valve case coaxially with each other.

Abstract: A torque control device for an adjustable hydropump is described which is based on an output control device in which the output control is determined as a function of the output pressure of the hydropump and a pressure in a working pressure control line. For this purpose a torque valve is provided whose closure power is determined by a measuring spring or set of springs connected with the pump control member and pretensioned depending on the output setting. The torque valve connects the working pressure control line with the pressureless outlet depending on the pressure in the working pressure control line and the pretension of the measuring spring. The torque valve can be fixed on to the hydropump as a separate unit and the control characteristic can be changed from outside by adjustment of the measuring spring.

Abstract: A diaphragm type pump device has an elastic material imparting elasticity by the change of its volume which is placed in an operation chamber to decrease residual volume in the operation chamber when a diaphragm reaches the upper dead point.

Abstract: A slant plate type compressor with capacity adjusting mechanism is disclosed. The compressor housing has a cylinder block provided with a plurality of cylinders and a piston slides within each cylinder. The piston is reciprocated by a swash plate driven by a drive shaft through a hinge coupling mechanism which includes a mechanism for changing the slant angle of the swash plate. The swash plate is supported for nutational (wobbling) and rotational motion on the drive shaft through a spherical bush and is operatively connected to the pistons through bearing shoes. Accordingly, each piston accomplishes reciprocating movement within a cylinder by the rotation of the swash plate and the stroke of piston is changed by the hinge coupling mechanism due to a pressure difference between the crank chamber and the suction chamber.

Abstract: An operation control system of a rotary displacement type vacuum pump capable of reducing a starting torque of the vacuum pump includes a suction regulating valve and a pressure sensor for monitoring suction pressure located in a suction passage of the vacuum pump, an inverter electrically coupled to a variable speed electric motor for driving the vacuum pump and a control unit. The control unit is operative, when the vacuum pump is started, to keep the suction regulating valve in a closed position until the value of suction pressure monitored by the pressure sensor reaches a predetermined upper limit value and to gradually increase the rpm. of the variable speed electric motor. The control unit is further operative to produce a signal for increasing or decreasing the rpm of the variable speed electric motor so as to bring the value of suction pressure monitored by the pressure sensor to the vicinity of a predetermined lower limit value.

Abstract: A petroleum recovery pumping system comprising an improved jet pump having a nozzle assembly adapted to be selectively and reversibly installed in either an up-flow or down-flow direction, and a shoe adapted to receive and seat the jet pump adjacent to a producing zone within a well bore. The shoe is preferably further adapted to provide fluid communication between the producing zone and a power fluid discharged through a nozzle section within the jet pump. The shoe is preferably further adapted by means of circumferentially spaced, longitudinally extending passageways to provide fluid flow in an axial direction around the jet pump.

Abstract: In an axial piston motor or pump the cylinder barrel is mounted on a medial shaft which has a shoulder which axially, bears against the front end of the rotor barrel. The rear end of the medial shaft is radially borne in a housing portion. The front portion of the medial shaft is provided with a bearing member of an axial thrust bearing for support on a respective axial thrust bearing member in the housing. On the rear end of the rotary barrel an axially selfthrusting control body is provided to seal the flow of fluid to and from the cylinders of the rotary barrel. The control body presses against the rotary barrel, the rotary barrel presses against the shoulder of the medial shaft and the thrust bearing member of the shaft bears on the thrust bearing member of the housing. As a result thereof the cylinders in the rotary barrel can be straight through bores. The manufacturing of the rotor barrel is thereby simplified and the flow acceleration losses of former bag bore type cylinders are prevented.

Abstract: The invention concerns a reciprocating pump for liquid substances, specifically such contaminated by solids. To render such a reciprocating pump self-cleaning, it is suggested to arrange the intake chamber (7), pressure chamber (2), and the pressure chamber (8) side by side in a horizontal or only slightly declining plane, to arrange the check valves (9, 10, 11, 12) side by side in the same horizontal or slightly declining plane, and to have the pressure socket (20) empty on the bottom side of the pressure chamber. In addition, the intake socket (19) empties suitably from below, vertically or at least steeply rising, into the intake chamber. This design ensures that the paths within the pump extend essentially horizontally or only slightly upwardly, so that any solid particles which have proceeded into the pump housing can be carried out of the pump again.

Abstract: A vacuum pump includes a rotary vacuum pump including a pair of rotors cooperating to suck gas, a driving source connected to a shaft of one of the pair of rotors, timing gears connected to respective shafts of the rotors and transmitting the driving force of the driving source between the shafts of the pair rotors, and a reciprocating vacuum pump connected to the driving source and connected to the downstream side of the rotary vacuum pump for sucking gas therefrom.

Abstract: Oil and other fluids are pumped from a well drilled into chalk or other difficult-to-produce formations by applying a back pressure to the formation concurrently with pumping fluid from the formation. One embodiment a pump suitable for performing the method includes a reciprocating piston with a check valve to permit the passage of fluid through the piston during downstrokes and to prevent its passage during upstrokes. The pump also includes a second check valve having a telescoping link that permits the downward passage of fluid for a first portion of the downstroke of the pump piston but prevents the passage of the fluid during a second portion of the piston downstroke. The combined action of the two valves is to lift fluid on the pump piston upstroke and force a portion of the previously lifted fluid back into the well, and thus into the formation, during the first portion of the downstroke.

Abstract: There are disclosed a shoe which is interposed between a swash plate and a piston of a swash plate type compressor and which converts rotary movement of the swash plate into reciprocal movement of the piston, and a method for manufacturing the same. The shoe has a hemispherical part which is in slidable contact with the surface of a piston defining a hemispherical recess, and a flat end face which is in slidable contact with a bottom end face of the swash plate. According to the method of the invention, a columnar element is compressed in the axial direction for plastic deformation in such a manner that one end of the columnar element is deformed along the inner surface of a hemispherical recess of a die while the other end is urged against the flat end surface of another die.

Abstract: A high pressure gas transmission compressor having valve chambers incorporating valves located in common valve pockets where the center lines of the valve chambers are non-intersecting with the compressor cylinder. In a first embodiment, the valve housings are vertically positioned at each end of the cylinder such that the valve chambers are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the cylinder with the ends of the chambers extending on either side of the cylinder. Each valve chamber contains discharge and suction valves, with the outlets of the discharge valves being joined to the discharge port of the compressor by a semi-cylinder like annular discharge cavity spaced from and partially surrounding a portion of the cylinder. The inlets of the suction valves are joined to the suction port by a similar semi-cylinder like annular cavity. In other embodiments, the compressor includes four valve housings spaced about 90.degree.

Abstract: A device for the survey of the breathing ventilation and oxygen consumption has a mask M, worn by the person being examined, a control modulus that realizes a sample method of the breathing volume and of the turnover management, and a radio transmitter 25 that sends the signals to a fixed reception and elaboration unity UF. The device is portable due to the very small dimensions thereof, and very light due to the presence of a slow analyzer that has the advantages of the quick analyzers, by means of controlled turnover sampling that makes the micro mixing chamber 3 at fixed capacity equivalent to a dynamic chamber at variable capacity. At the end of each breathing action, when the air flow is annulled, the impulses due to the moment of inertia of the turbine 7 are suppressed by means of the pressure transducer 9 that identifies the annulment of the flow and corrects the signal still provided by turbine 7.

Abstract: A hydroelectric switch for a pump comprising in a first embodiment an elongated body defining fluid inlet and fluid outlet orifices, a substantially elongated seat through which fluid flows, a disk having a tapered flange and a rod extending centrally therefrom, the disk peripherally seating within the elongated seat, a conduit by-passing the disk, a spring-biased piston slidable within a cylinder built-in the body on the same axis as the rod, the piston slidable upon the rod when the spring expands, a conduit feeding the cylinder with fluid from the outlet orifice, an electrical switch attached to the body on the same axis as the rod and operable by the movement of the rod.

Abstract: A surgical carbon dioxide laser is disclosed which includes a handpiece for directing a laser beam to a desired location. Mounted on the forward end of the handpiece is a hollow needle precisely aligned along the laser path. This permits the laser to be used in surgical applications where the needle perforates a porton of tissue to provide the laser beam direct access to distal tissue. The needle is mounted to the handpiece in a manner which provides for forward and lateral adjustment of the needle relative to the laser beam path which insures co-axiality between the laser beam and the needle lumen. This is crucial for the safe use of the laser. The needle is adjusted such that the focal point of the laser beam is approximately at the tip of the needle. This provides maximum energy at the tip of the needle where it is required. This apparatus is particularly useful in transmyocardial devices utilized to provide ischemic endocardial tissue direct access to blood within the ventricular cavity.

Abstract: A fluid pumping apparatus includes at least two counter-balanced, counter-reciprocating pump assemblies. Each pump assembly includes at least two generally vertical, balanced, reciprocating pumps.

Abstract: A fluid device of the axial piston type having high and low pressure operating passages, one of which may be an inlet and the other an outlet depending upon the pumping or motoring function of the device and the direction of rotation. The fluid device, which is of the variable displacement type, has a rotatable cylinder barrel with one end of each of a plurality of pistons disposed for reciprocation within cylinder bores at one end of the cylinder barrel, and cylinder ports successively communicating each of the cylinder bores with arcuate inlet and outlet passages formed in a valving face disposed at the opposite end of the cylinder barrel. The other ends of the pistons engage a pivotably mounted thrust plate adapted to impart a reciprocal movement to the pistons within the cylinder bores as the cylinder barrel is rotated.