Abstract: A waveguide to microstrip transition (124) formed in a multi-layer substrate (208) is disclosed. The waveguide to microstrip transition (124) may be incorporated into a hermetically sealed package including a metal base (202), a multi-layer circuit (208), a metal ring (206), and a metal cover (204). The multi-layer circuit (208) has at least a first dielectric layer (230), a second dielectric layer (222), and a first conductive layer (218) disposed between the bottom side of the first dielectric layer (230) and the top side of the second dielectric layer (222). The multi-layer circuit (208) includes a waveguide (234). An electromagnetically reflective material (236) coats the walls of the waveguide (234) to allow signals to propagate by reflection through the waveguide (234) toward the first dielectric layer (230). Plated through vias (126) are located in at least the first dielectric layer (230).

Abstract: A reduced crosstalk microstrip transmission-line has a plurality of microstrips sandwiched between a lower base dielectric layer of flexible circuit material and an upper coverlay with higher permittivity and of different flexible circuit material than the base dielectric layer. With the higher permittivity of the coverlay, the thickness of the coverlay is selected such that the microstrip transmission-line retains practical flexibility and far-end crosstalk to a first neighboring microstrip from a driving channel is zero.

Abstract: A tuner for radio frequency coaxial cable transmission lines is provided. It requires only one micrometer adjusting screw since the capacitor electrode that mates with the central conductor of the coaxial line is not only curved to give a large area in proximity to the central conductor but is rectangular and much longer than the diameter of the micrometer screw.

Abstract: An RF connector comprising a coaxial transmission structure that transmits RF power at RF and microwave frequencies through a dielectric seal. Portions of the connector on either side of the seal do not make metal to metal contact. The connector has input and output connector portions having outer conductors coaxially disposed around inner conductors with dielectric material disposed therebetween. Impedance matching transition portions abut each side of the dielectric seal that have a relatively large diameter adjacent the dielectric seal that transitions to a relatively small diameter distal from the dielectric seal. Tapered and stepped impedance matching transition portions may be employed. A shunt capacitance is disposed approximately one quarter wavelength from each side of the dielectric seal in the stepped transition version. RF energy transmitted by way of the input connector portion is capacitively coupled through the dielectric seal to the output connector portion.

Abstract: A broadband, high power balun which includes plural sets of first and second coaxial cables. Each cable has a center conductor and a shield conductor. Each shield conductor of each cable within each set is connected to a shield conductor of the other coaxial cable of the set. The first input lead is connected to a first end of a center conductor of a first coaxial cable of each set. The second input lead is connected to a first end of a center conductor of a second coaxial cable of each set. A second end of a center conductor of a first coaxial cable of a set of coaxial cables provides an output lead for the balun. A second end of a center conductor of a second coaxial cable of a set of coaxial cables provides an output lead for the balun. A second end of each remaining center conductor of each coaxial cable of each set of coaxial cables is connected to a second end of a center conductor of a coaxial cable of another set of coaxial cables.

Abstract: A waveguide includes a waveguide body, a twist plate, and a first and second probes. The waveguide body defines a waveguide cavity therein wherein the waveguide cavity has an aperture at a first end thereof, and wherein the waveguide cavity has a waveguide axis therethrough extending from the first end to a second end. The twist plate is in the waveguide cavity at the second end of the waveguide cavity wherein the twist plate is parallel to the waveguide axis, wherein the twist plate includes a leading edge facing the aperture, and wherein the leading edge includes first and second portions with the second portion being more distant from the aperture than the first portion. The first probe is in the waveguide cavity between the aperture and the leading edge of the twist plate for receiving a first signal having a first polarization entering the aperture.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system for using the ductwork of a building for transmitting electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a device for introducing electromagnetic radiation into the ductwork such that the ductwork acts as a waveguide for the electromagnetic radiation. The system also includes a device for enabling the electromagnetic radiation to propagate beyond the ductwork. The present invention is also directed to a method for transmitting electromagnetic radiation using the ductwork of a building and a method for designing a system for transmitting electromagnetic radiation in the ductwork of a building.

Abstract: A circuit for combining and dividing a high frequency power including a first transmission line connected between a first port and a third port, a second transmission line connected between a second port and the third port, and a circuit section having one end connected between the first port and the first transmission line and the other end connected between the second port and the second transmission line, the circuit section including a resistor and at least one capacitor connected in series.

Abstract: A nonradiative planar dielectric line exhibits low transmission losses and is easily connectable to electronic components. A first slot is provided between two electrodes on a first main surface of a dielectric plate. A second slot is provided between two electrodes on a second main surface of the dielectric plate. A first conductor is electrically connected to the electrodes on the first main surface and also covers the first slot. A second conductor is electrically connected to the electrodes on the second main surface and also covers the second slot. An integrated circuit using the above type of dielectric line is also provided. Thus, apparatuses using the above dielectric lines or integrated circuits are miniaturized.

Abstract: An opto-electronically controlled waveguide includes a waveguide; a finline mounted in the waveguide; a photovoltaic switch operably electrically cected to the finline; and a light source for generating an optical signal for modulating the photovoltaic switch. Modulation of the photovoltaic switch by intensity modulating the optical signal allows modulation of the insertion loss of the waveguide without the need for a DC bias.

Abstract: A reflection reducing directional coupler provides an output signal from a coupled signal while reducing the effect of an input signal. The directional coupler provides circuitry to divide, phase delay and vectorially add signals to provide coherent output and coupled signals and reduce reflected signals. The directional coupler also provides the capability to input a calibration signal into a system while mininimizing the effect of the calibration signal on the output signal.

Abstract: The present invention is a compact, multiplanar magic-T junction that generally consists of four planar waveguides and/or planar transmission lines, with at least one planar waveguide or planar transmission line residing in a different circuit layer from the other planar waveguides and/or transmission lines. Each planar waveguide and planar transmission line in the multiplanar magic-T junction is electromagnetically connected to an input/output feeding port with which it communicates. The ground planes common to the planar transmission lines and/or planar waveguides in the magic-T junction contain a coupling aperture. The planar waveguides and planar transmission lines which are on different sides of the common ground planes of the magic-T junction communicate electromagnetically through this coupling aperture.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for transitioning between opposite sides of adjacent stripline circuit boards. An orthogonal coaxial connection between opposite sides of the stripline circuit boards is provided wherein a center pin of a coax connector is disposed through the first stripline circuit board and the center trace of one of the stripline circuit boards and through the second board. The center pin is soldered or otherwise electrically attached to a small conductor island pad isolated from the ground plane of the second board and to the plated through hole. The ground of the coaxial connector is connected to the ground plane of the second board adjacent to the isolated conductor island pad.

Abstract: The present invention relates to circulators for microwave frequencies and higher frequencies. The circulator (100;200;300) of the invention comprises a waveguide system, the waveguide system being situated in a waveguide house. A hole (111,211,311) is arranged in a first waveguide wall (171;271;371) of the waveguide system. A tubular piston (114;214;314) is arranged so that it can slide in the hole. A package, comprising ferrite material (132,135;235,235;332,335) in the shape of pucks, is arranged between a second waveguide wall (174;274;374) and the tubular piston, the second waveguide wall being opposite to the first waveguide wall. The tubular piston is pressed in the direction of the package. That end (117;217;317) of the tubular piston that faces away from the second waveguide wall is open, and slits (120;220;320) are arranged at this end, the slits stretching mainly in the direction of the tubular piston.

Abstract: An equalizing filter with an optimized frequency response and improved reliability and quality, for equalizing a reception signal so as to regain its original waveform. The equalizing filter comprises a low-pass filter and a high-frequency booster circuit. With its limited passband, the low-pass filter rejects the noise components contained in the signal being processed. The high-frequency booster circuit has such a frequency response that exhibits a stepwise gain increase at high frequencies. Those two elements, composed of reliable passive components, are coupled in series to provide a combined frequency response that is optimized for the design of highly sensitive optical receivers. As integral part of the high-frequency booster circuit, the equalizing filter employs an inductor made of a bonding wire.

Abstract: A high Q integrated inductor-capacitor (L-C) resonator (200) includes a planar inductor (201) having a plurality of turns and a serially connected first and second capacitor (205, 207) that is connected in parallel with the planar inductor (201). The first and second capacitors (205, 207) are positioned within at least one turn of the planar inductor (201) for reducing the parasitic interconnection resistance between the planar inductor (201) and first and second capacitor (205, 207) and also increasing the Q factor of the L-C resonator.

Abstract: A high Q MEMS capacitor that can be continuously tuned with a large tuning ratio or reversibly trimmed using an electrostatic force. The tunable capacitor has a master/slave structure in which a control voltage is applied to the master (control) capacitor to set the capacitance of the slave (signal) capacitor to which an RF signal is applied via a suspended mechanical coupler. The master-slave structure reduces tuning error by reducing the signal capacitor's surface area and increasing its spring constant, and may eliminate the need for discrete blocking inductors by electrically isolating the control and signal capacitors. The trimmable capacitor provides an electrostatic actuator that selectively engages a stopper with teeth on a tunable capacitor structure to fix the trimmed capacitance.

Abstract: A coaxial waveguide corner structure, having a pair of incoming inner conductors, each inner conductor having an axis and an end, the pair of inner conductors having non-coincident axes, and a conductive bridging element having two ends within an enclosure. Each end of the conductive bridging element is adapted to provide a continuous conductive surface between the outer edge of the pair of inner conductors, adapted to provide a low loss and low reflection radio frequency electromagnetic wave path between said pair of inner conductors. The conductive bridging element thus has a section profile matching a section profile of the adjoining inner conductor, at the respective bevel angles. The conductive bridging element preferably has a cross section shape different than a cross section shape of the conductors, preferably elliptical.

Abstract: A CATV passive signal component is disclosed performing bidirectional power insertion or extraction while providing directional RF signal splitting. The signal splitter presents a low burden to the distribution system and can bidirectionally pass alternating or direct current already impressed on the RF signal, or, provide an insertion or extraction function.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for allowing two high frequency signals from two separate sources to be combined for simultaneous propagation through a common propagation medium such as an antenna or transmission line, while maintaining isolation between the signals at the inputs of the sources and preventing unwanted interference and resulting distortion. The apparatus includes an orthogonal mode converger which receives two combined electromagnetic energy waves having orthogonally disposed electric field vectors and incrementally converges them to the same direction through a varying cross-section waveguide structure.