Abstract: A method of producing high quality stoichiometric thin films of vanadium dioxide by reactive evaporation utilizes an electron beam to evaporate a source of vanadium in a controlled, low pressure oxygen gas environment with the film being deposited at a predetermined rate onto a substrate which is heated to and maintained at a predetermined temperature above 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for forming on the surface of a sintered article of silicon nitride type ceramic a coating film of a compound containing titanium or zirconium is disclosed. This metal compound coating is easily and inexpensively obtained by placing a metal-containing substance such as, for example, titanium dioxide in contact with a sintered article of silicon nitride type ceramic and sintering the resultant composite in a non-oxidative atmosphere.

Abstract: The specification discloses a low-temperature process for depositing a layer of a conductive oxide of a chosen metal, such as tin oxide, on the surface of a substrate while simultaneously avoiding damage to the substrate. The process comprises exposing the substrate to a selected vapor phase reactant containing the chosen metal, such as tetramethyl tin, in the presence of neutral, charge-free oxygen atoms formed in a manner which avoids the generation of charged particles and high energy radiation that would damage the substrate. The oxygen atoms react with the vapor phase reactant to form the conductive oxide, which deposits as a layer on the surface of the substrate. In a preferred process embodiment, the neutral oxygen atoms are photochemically generated. This process is especially useful for depositing a layer of a transparent conductive oxide on the surface of a radiation-hardened device while maintaining the radiation-hardness of the device.

Abstract: Surface treatment of metal blanks is achieved by applying an oxirane ring-containing compound in the gas phase to the surface of a metal blank maintained at a high temperature. According to this method, a covering layer which is much thinner than a conventional so-called adhesive primer coating layer and has a thickness of the angstrom order is formed on the surface of a metal blank. If a thermoplastic resin layer is coated on the metal surface treated with this oxirane ring-containing compound, the initial adhesion and the adhesion after lapse of time are highly improved over these adhesions attainable by the conventional methods. Even if a lacquer containing a thermosetting resin instead of the thermoplastic resin is coated and dried on the metal surface treated with this bonding compound, a similar effect can be attained.

Abstract: A method of forming with good reproducibility a high-quality thin film of a metal or metal compound by a vapor growth method on a substrate placed in a quartz reaction tube which has the steps of, prior to the formation of the thin film forming an intermediate film of a material having good adhesion with both quartz, and the metal or metal compound on the inner wall of the reaction tube, and forming a film of the metal or metal compound for the thin film on the intermediate film.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for producing fine quality pnictide films by vacuum evaporation and molecular beam deposition. A pnictide source, preferably phosphorous, is heated to produce a continuous supply of vapor species, preferably P.sub.4. The vapor species is cracked by a heated tungsten wire positioned adjacent the pnictide source to produce P.sub.2 molecules. A second tungsten wire cracker is located adjacent a substrate to prevent the recombination of P.sub.2 molecules into P.sub.4 molecules. The P.sub.2 molecules are deposited on the substrate and condense into amorphous pure phosphorous shiny red films. A separate source of alkali metal intercalate, preferably KC.sub.8, may also be heated to provide an alkali metal vapor for producing films of alkali metal polypnictide films, preferably KP.sub.x where x is equal to or greater than 15, to be deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a very efficient method for the improvement of the antistatic performance, e.g. decrease in the accumulation of static electricity on the surface and decrease in the surface resistivity, of a synthetic resin shaped article with outstanding durability of the effect. The method comprises two steps in principle, first of which is the formation of a crosslinked layer in the surface portion of the shaped article by a variety of known methods effective for the formation of crosslinks in polymeric materials and the second of which is the exposure of the thus crosslinked surface of the article to low temperature plasma produced in an atmosphere containing a gaseous silicon-containing compound which may be a silane compound or a low-molecular weight vaporizable siloxane compound to form a plasma-polymerized surface film of the silicon compound on the crosslinked layer.

Abstract: A method of providing a metal mirror on an article of acrylate or methacrylate synthetic resin in which the surface to be metallized is treated with a solution of tannin in a mixture of water and an organic solvent and the treated surface is then provided with a metal mirror by using an electroless metallization process.

Abstract: A sol-gel coated substrate is additionally coated with certain disclosed aqueous quaternary ammonium hydroxide and/or alkanol amine compounds. Through this procedure, the drying time achieved to effect a crack-free coated substrate is greatly reduced. Also disclosed are coated substrates prepared by the process of the present invention.

Abstract: The production of a semiconductor by the glow discharge decomposition of a silane type gas is accomplished advantageously by a method which comprises effecting the glow discharge decomposition of introduced silane type gas with a plurality of opposed electrodes disposed substantially perpendicularly to a substrate and insulated from the ground potential and subsequently allowing the product of the decomposition to be deposited on the substrate disposed so as to be exposed to the introduced silane type gas. The semiconductor obtained by this method is free from the drawbacks suffered by the conventional method using a power source of high frequency.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for depositing films of amorphous and polycrystalline silicon and alloys thereof, by thermally decomposing a silicon bearing gas or gases and depositing the film onto a temperatured controlled substrate. The area of the heated surface is less than the area of the substrate. The substrate moves relative to independent of and outside of the heated surface.

Abstract: An optical product having a thin film on the surface which is obtained by subjecting a mixed gas of oxygen and a hydrocarbon compound having a double bond to plasma polymerization in the presence of an optical product, thereby forming on the surface of the optical product a thin film of a reaction product of said plasma polymerization. Said optical product having a thin film on the surface has excellent resistance to fogging due to adhesion of water drops when used in gas phase, excellent resistance to adhesion of air bubbles when used in liquid phase, high resistance to being stained by oils and fats and an excellent removability of stains due to oils and fats.

Abstract: A method for making fine powder of a metallic compound coated with ceramics is described. In the method, a gaseous mixture of at least one metal vapor constituting one component of a metallic compound and a carrier gas for the at least one metal vapor is passed at a speed of 50 to 2000 m/second into another element constituting the other element of the metallic compound or in an atmosphere of a gas containing the other element, which is heated to a temperature of not larger than 0.8 time as low as a melting point of the at least one metal so that the metal vapor and another element are reacted with each other while rapidly cooling, thereby obtaining a fine powder of a metallic compound. The metallic compound fine powder is further passed into other metal vapor or other metallic compound vapor to cover the metallic compound fine powder with the film of the other metal or metallic compound.

Abstract: A composite film is provided which has a first layer of WSi.sub.x, where x is greater than 2, over which is disposed a second layer of a tungsten complex consisting substantially of tungsten with a small amount of silicon therein, typically less than 5%. Both layers are deposited in situ in a cold wall chemical vapor deposition chamber at a substrate temperature of between 500.degree. and 550.degree. C. Before initiating the deposition process for these first and second layers, the substrate onto which they are to be deposited is first plasma etched with NF.sub.3 as the reactant gas, then with H.sub.2 as the reactant gas, both steps being performed at approximately 100 to 200 volts self-bias. WSi.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for providing a refractory composition on a surface. In the process an acidic hybrid binder composition and a basic colloidal silica sol composition are provided. The surface is coated with the acidic hybrid binder composition and the colloidal silica sol composition so that each colloidal silica sol composition coat contacts an acidic hybrid binder composition coat to form alternating layers of the acidic hybrid binder composition and the colloidal silica sol composition. Each acidic hybrid binder composition layer and each colloidal silica sol layer are dried prior to coating with the alternating layer to a sufficient hardness such that lift-off of the applied coatings from the surface is inhibited when a subsequent coating step is performed. A refractory laminate composition is also disclosed which comprises a plurality of layers of hardened acidic hybrid binder composition alternating with a plurality of layers of hardened basic colloidal silica sol composition.

Abstract: A method of polishing a vehicle, using a portal traveling frame which straddles a vehicle to be polished and moves reciprocatingly, said portal traveling frame being provided thereon with rotative brushes, wax applicators, rinsing means and driers. In a first travel of the portal traveling frame, the vehicle is washed. In a second travel of the portal frame, a foamy wax of anionic active agent is applied to the vehicle. In a third travel of the portal frame, an aqueous wax of cationic active agent is applied to the vehicle which is subsequently rinsed. In a fourth travel of the portal frame, the vehicle is dried.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical data storage device and a method of making the device. The device has a thin film of a multi-component, phase changeable, chalcogenide material. The thin film is prepared by vacuum deposition of a substantially non-convecting, multi-component, chalcogenide containing first source. The multicomponent source is converted to a non-condensed state, and the non-condensed material is deposited onto the substrate to form a deposit having substantial source/deposit compositional equivalence and the substantial absence of concentration gradients.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for the production of a layer of a metallic material by deposition from the vapor phase onto an exposed surface of a collector. The exposed surface is maintained at a desired temperature by passing a heat transfer liquid through ducts within the collector and controlling the temperature of the liquid in accordance with the thickness of the deposited layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a composite carbon or graphite having desirable properties such as corrosion and wear resistance. The invention combines a graphite substrate with a protective porous zone of silicon carbide. The whole body of graphite plus silicon carbide then is infiltrated with aluminum phosphate. An adhered barrier of silicon carbide, ranging in thickness between 0.015 and 0.050 inch thick is integrated with a graphite stratum to form a very hard surface, resistant to mechanical and chemical wear. The silicon carbide barrier is closely compatible to the graphite substrate, in resistance to thermal shock and in qualities of thermal expansion. In order to improve oxidation resistance further, a new composition was formed by infiltrating aluminum phosphate through the silicon carbide into the graphite to form a single body of composite graphite.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing a composite metal wire including a core metal wire having extruded therearound a coating metal layer which is different in material from the core metal wire. The coating metal is fed into a narrow passageway which is defined between a circumferential groove formed on the outer edge of a rotary wheel and a close fitting surface of a fixed shoe block, the cross-sectional area therebetween decreasing for half the distance between entry and discharge and thereafter increasing until discharge. The coating metal is carried towards an outlet end of the passageway by frictional drag with the surface of the passageway in accordance with the rotation of the wheel.