Abstract: A rough beam (4) is formed on a universal stand (11), and a two high stand starting with an initial section (1) of rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section, in two series of passes in the universal stand. During the first series reduction of the web forming portion is effected by horizontal rolls (5, 6) acting on the central portion of the initial section (1) and during the second series of passes both the horizontal rolls (5, 6) and the vertical rolls (7, 8) of the universal stand (11) simultaneously reduce the web and flanges, respectively. The rough-beam being formed during the second series of passes is also rolled in the open grooves of a two high stand.

Abstract: Controlling for obtaining the aimed strip shape using a rolling mill provided with rolls, which are variable in amount of crown by feeding a pressurized oil in the inside. In addition, the rolling mill is provided with right and left pressing-down balancers and roll benders. The strip shape in the width direction of the strip is detected, the detected shape being approximated by a function including terms of the first, second, fourth, sixth or eighth power of a variable, which is a position or a distance in the width direction of the strip, the amount of pressing-down of the right and left pressing-down balancers being adjusted to coincide the term of the first power with the aimed value thereof, the amount of crown of the roll being adjusted to coincide the term of the second power with the aimed value thereof, and a roll bending force being adjusted to coincide the term of the fourth, sixth or eighth power with the aimed value thereof.

Abstract: A device for determining a setting value of a shape operating amount in a continuous rolling mill having shape controlling means therein. As rolling conditions such as thicknesses, width, rolling loads, roll crown, incoming crown, and incoming flatness are inputted, shape operating amounts are set to attain a constant crown ratio corresponding to a product target crown as early as possible in the first n-1 stands or passes such that as many as possible of the final stands or passes maintain the constant crown ratio to improve the final product flatness.

Abstract: A rolling stand has a support frame, a pair of small-diameter working rolls defining a workpiece nip open perpendicular to the plane and rotatable about respective horizontal, parallel, and vertically spaced axes. A pair of large-diameter backup rolls are rotatable about respective axes parallel to and vertically flanking the working-roll axes. These backup-roll axes define a vertical plane offset from the working-roll plane. In addition each backup roll bears vertically on the respective working roll and a drive counterrotates the rolls of each roll pair to draw an elongated workpiece of predetermined maximum width generally perpendicular to the planes through the nip. The working rolls are longer than the maximum workpiece width and have end portions projecting axially beyond the workpiece. The rolls are pressed vertically toward the nip to compress and deform the workpiece thereat.

Abstract: A bearing isolator assembly particularly for use in a roll mill for isolating the environment from the support shaft bearing. A first isolator ring is non-rotatably mounted on the shaft and is concentric with and rotatable relative to a pair of fixed isolator rings which concentrically surround the shaft and are fixed to a support housing. These isolator rings defines therebetween a narrow clearance space which defines a tortuous path which initially includes a U-shaped labyrinth, one end of which communicates with the environment, and the other end of which communicates with an enlarged annular collection chamber which has a drain port associated therewith. This collection chamber is behind a dam associated with the rotatable isolator ring, and the downstream side of the dam is positioned closely adjacent a radial wall on the fixed isolator ring to define a narrow passage therebetween.

Abstract: A rolling apparatus has a grooved roll rotatable about an axis, having an outer roll surface, and formed with a radially outwardly open groove having a pair of frustoconical groove flanks extending to the outer roll surface and spaced axially apart at the roll surface by a groove width. Juxtaposed with this grooved roll is a ridged roll rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of the grooved roll and formed with a ridge engaging radially in the groove, and having an at least partially cylindrical outer ridge surface centered on the respective axis and a pair of annular axially oppositely directed ridge faces flanking the ridge outer surface. The ridge outer surface forms with the flanks of the groove a rolling opening extending perpendicular to a plane including the axes and having a maximum dimension measured parallel to the axes which is smaller than the groove width.

Abstract: A roll stand comprises a plurality of axially shiftable working rolls, each attached by supporting members axially slidably to a guide member which is movable vertically adjustably against the side of a cylinder block installed in the roll stand housing. Axially shifting hydraulic cylinders are provided to axially shift the working rolls by acting on the guide pieces. In particular a plurality of balancing hydraulic cylinders are installed in laterally projecting shoulders in the cylinder blocks behind each other in the axial shifting direction of the rolls and act on the working rolls to provide balancing and bending forces. In order to install only cylinder blocks of reduced size, the balancing hydraulic cylinders operating downwardly and the balancing hydraulic cylinders taken individually along the axial shifting direction project alternately downward and upward from the shoulder of the cylinder block associated with them and act on the guide pieces on which the working rolls are mounted.

Abstract: A roll stand has a support frame, a pair of similar small-diameter working rolls rotatable about respective vertically spaced axes and defining a workpiece nip receiving a workpiece to be rolled, and a pair of similar large-diameter backup rolls rotatable about respective axes vertically flanking the working-roll axes and each bearing vertically on the respective working roll. These working rolls have ends and each have therebetween an effective axial length equal to at least 1.3 times the effective axial length of the respective backup rolls. Actuators are connected to the working rolls for displacing same axially relative to the backup rolls through an axial distance equal to about their own effective axial lengths between end positions each engaging only about half of the respective backup roll. A selector feeds to and through the stand a group of strips comprised generally of pairs of strips wherein the combined width of the strips of each pair is generally equal to the working-roll width.

Abstract: A set-up method for unequal speed circumferential rolling. The setting values of the circumferential speeds of a higher speed roll and a lower speed roll and the roll position are obtained by using, as rolling parameters in a rolling schedule, the inlet and outlet thicknesses, the forward and backward tensions, the radii of the rolls, the frictional coefficients and the ratio of the circumferential speeds of the rolls. The setting values are computed such that these values meet the rolling conditions within both the load limit value and the tension limit value.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the spacing between a metal forming punch and a die pad in which the method includes supporting the work-piece on a fluid supported pad and the periphery of the work-piece on a fluid supported sleeve, engaging the workpiece with a forming punch and, during a portion of the travel of the forming punch, moving the pressure sleeve and the support pad for the central portion of the workpiece simultaneously while maintaining the spacing between the top of the pad and the bottom of the punch. The apparatus includes a die pad riser attached to the pad and to a pressure sleeve, both of which are movable in response to movement of the punch during a portion of the travel of the punch. The pressure sleeve is secured to the die pad riser so that the spacing between the punch and the die pad is maintained during such movement.

Abstract: A process for casting molten metallic material having a solidification ra of temperatures, especially alloys containing more than 80% aluminium, involves simultaneously stirring and cooling the molten material to a temperature between 0.degree. C. and 75.degree. C. above the liquidus temperature of the metallic material using hollow heat transfer rods (9) extending across a duct (4), down which the material is caused to flow. The material is then caused to solidify with a substantially non-dendritic microstructure by rapidly cooling it in a continuous casting machine. The solidified bar so produced may then be reheated at a steady rate to a point between its liquidus and solidus temperature until it contains between 30% and 70% by volume solids content but can still be maneuvered without losing its shape. It may then, with a minimum of delay, be rapidly formed into a solid article of any desired shape by, for example, casting in a pressure casting machine.

Abstract: A deforming tool having two members of which one is made as a cylindrical roll, whereas the working surface of the other member is made curvilinear. A rod of microwire is fed into a gap between their working surfaces. A rotation drive and a drive for a reciprocating movement are mechanically coupled with the cylindrical roll.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for controlling the load distribution ratio among a plurality of stands in a continuous rolling mill preferentially performs load distribution ratio control between or among a group of downstream side ones of the stands including the last stand to appropriately correct the load distribution ratio between or among the downstream side stands.Subsequently, correction of the load distribution ratio is performed for a group of the downstream side stands and an upstream stand, and this will be repeated in order for the upstream side stands to effect correction of the load distribution ratio for the entire stands.

Abstract: A thread rolling monitoring system in which one or more signal generating devices is provided in the mounting system of the stationary die of a pair of thread rolling dies. A sensor develops a signal which is a function of the reaction forces in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the workpiece being threaded. The signal provides a running indication of the match or mismatch of the dies, as well as other conditions of improper operation. The signal is used to control the operation of the machine and to separate improperly formed parts as they are produced.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for correcting the rolling load distribution ratio between given stands in a continuous rolling mill involves comparison of rolling load amounts at a pair of adjacent stands with a load distribution ratio set value. When coincidence is not found, the plate thickness on the exit side of an upstream side one of the pair of stands is changed, and at a time when a plate thickness changing point reaches the downstream side stand, the rolling reduction position at the downstream side stand is corrected so as not to change the plate thickness on the exit side of the downstream side stand.

Abstract: Air blast peening equipment includes a flow density transducer and a pressure or velocity transducer for measuring flow velocity. Measured values are compared during peening with predetermined desired values. Operation of the apparatus is automatically adjusted, if necessary, by adjustment of flow density and/or flow velocity to maintain these parameters at desired values.

Abstract: A pinch bottom open mouth ("PBOM") bag having a pinch bottom flap folded over upon and adhered to one wall of the bag, with a tab for tearing the flap open inserted at its inner end between the walls of the bag, folded to overlie the flap and the outside of the other wall and releasably adhered to the other wall. A method of and apparatus for manufacturing the bags with the tabs from bag tubes wherein the tubes are continuously fed forward, one after another, tabs are applied to the tubes as the tubes travel forward and folded to overlie the other wall before the pinch closure flap is folded over. Each tab is inserted between the walls of a tube by bringing the tab into a position overlapping the one wall and separating the one wall from the other to the point where the end of the tab slips off the one wall and becomes disposed between the walls.

Abstract: A pill-shaped billet which is tapered in thickness toward an outer, relatively thin rim, extending circumferentially therearound, is cold formed into a metal part having an annular flange. Upper and lower die elements define cavities, and shoulders extending circumferentially therearound, and are positioned in a sleeve with the shoulders being directly opposed, thereby defining an annular space. The billet is placed between the upper and lower die elements in the sleeve with the rim of the billet in the annular space. The upper and lower die elements contact the billet only along the edges between their respective shoulders and cavities. When the upper and lower die elements are moved toward each other, the annular flange is formed by extruding radially outward the part of the billet between the shoulders, while simultaneously cold forming the billet into the first and second cavities.

Abstract: A mill and a method for rolling flat workpieces of great width such as metallic strip, plates and the like. The mill comprises upper and lower housing beams joined at their ends by pairs of channels defining windows in which chocks are slidably mounted. Upper and lower work rolls are mounted in the chocks to maintain the work rolls in the vertical plane of symmetry of the mill. Each work roll is provided with a plurality of pressure transmitting elements evenly spaced therealong and contacting a part of the periphery of the work roll. The set of pressure transmitting elements for the upper work roll is operatively affixed to the upper housing beam and the set of pressure transmitting elements for the lower work roll is operatively affixed to the lower housing beam. The pressure transmitting elements of at least one of the sets are each provided with a fluid pressure actuator by which the pressure exerted by that pressure transmitting element on its respective work roll can be rapidly increased or decreased.

Abstract: A pair of work rolls is provided in a strip mill of the type having one or more back-up rolls for each work roll. Each work roll comprises a tubular body having an axial bore of uniform diameter throughout its length. The exterior surface of the tubular body has a cylindrical roll face of uniform diameter, terminating at its ends in neck portions of lesser diameter. The ends of the body are closed by removable fluid-tight plugs. A cylindrical mandrel of the same length as the roll face is mounted in the bore of each work roll and normally has an interference fit therein. The mandrels of the upper and lower work rolls are relieved at opposite ends. The remainder of the work roll bore at either end of the mandrel defines a pair of volumes in each work roll, filled with hydraulic fluid and individually controllable as to hydraulic pressure. When a strip is to be rolled, the mandrel of each roll is shifted to align its relief with one of the strip edges.