Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image is constituted by a binder resin and a colorant. The binder resin is characterized by containing at least 20 wt. % of an extraction residue after 6 hours of extraction and below 20 wt. % of an extraction residue after 72 hours of extraction respectively by Soxhlet extraction with tetrahydrofuran. The toner shows a dynamic modulus and a loss modulus, respectively at 200.degree. C. and 0.1 Hz, which are substantially unchanging with time. The properties provide the toner with a harmonization of anti-offset characteristic and fixability as well as stable viscoelasticity under heating.

Abstract: A liquid toner composition comprising:A. a colored predispersion comprising a homogeneous mixture of at least one selected nonpolymeric resin material, at least one selected polymeric plasticizer, at least one selected colorant material, and at least one selected maleic anhydride adduct of polyolefin;B. an aliphatic hydrocarbon carrier liquid having a conductivity of 10.sup.-9 MHOS/cm or less, a dielectric constant of 3 or less, and a flash point of 100.degree. F. or greater; andC. external charge system comprising an interacting mixture of a maleic anhydride adduct of polyolefin and an amiphipathic copolymer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carrier particles which comprises the dry coating of a carrier or carrier cores with conductive submicron polymeric particles containing from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of conductive fillers, and wherein said conductive polymer particles are prepared by mixing at least one monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component; effecting bulk polymerization until from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; terminating polymerization by cooling the partially polymerized monomer; adding thereto from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a conductive filler or conductive fillers, followed by mixing thereof; dispersing the aforementioned mixture of conductive filler or fillers, and partially polymerized product in water containing a stabilizing component to obtain a suspension of particles with an average diameter of from about 0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic developer composition for flash fusing containing at least a binder resin based on a polyester resin and a colorant, the polyester resin being formed between an acid component, not less than 80 mol % of the acid component being phthalic acid series dicarboxylic acid and an alcohol component, not less than 80 mol % of the alcohol component being bisphenol A alkylene oxide adduct, the polyester resin having an acid value of not more than 10.0 KOH mg/g, a softening temperature of not less than 95.0.degree. C. and not more than 125.0.degree. C. as determined using a flow tester of the "koka-shiki" type and a glass transition temperature of not less than 50.0.degree. C. and not more than 80.0.degree. C. as determined by DSC, whereby substantially no odor is produced upon flash fusing.

Abstract: This invention relate to a production method of a photosensitive member having an organic photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer in this order on an electrically conductive substrate comprising;a first step of forming the organic photosensitive layer on the electrically conductive substrate,a second step of eliminating an outermost surface portion of the organic photosensitive layer, anda third step of forming the surface protective layer under vacuum conditions on the organic photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a resist mask pattern by light exposure providing the steps of forming a resist layer on a semiconductor substrate, forming a phase shifter pattern for inverting a phase of exposed light in an upper portion of the resist layer itself or over the surface of the resist layer, exposing the surface of the semiconductor substrate including the phase shifter pattern, and forming a fine mask pattern below the edge of the phase shifter pattern.

Abstract: The relations in phase between first and second phase regions which are disposed on both sides of light-blocking regions interposing between them are arranged that there is a phase difference between the lights transmitted by the first and second phase regions enough to cancel with each other because of the interference, while the relations in phase between the first and second phase regions and third phase region disposed adjacent to them are arranged that between the lights transmitted by them there is a phase difference about a half of the phase difference between the lights transmitted by the first and second phase regions. Thus, the lights transmitted by the first and second phase regions and prevailing in the back sides of the light-blocking regions cancel with each other because of the interference to enchance the accuracy of the transfer at the edge portions of the light-blocking regions.

Abstract: By using a reflection mask for reflective reduction projection exposure which uses vacuum ultraviolet rays or soft X-rays of wavelength .lambda., there is enhancement of the resolution of the projection exposure by making the height of adjacent or neighboring reflective surfaces to be deviated by about (2n-1) x.lambda./(4 cos .THETA.) (where n=1, 2, 3, - - - ) with respect to the angle .THETA. subtended by the normal to the above reflective surfaces and the direction of incidence of the ultraviolet rays or the soft X-rays, thus inverting the phases of the vacuum ultraviolet rays or the soft X-rays reflected by the neighboring reflection regions. Therefore, the applicable range of the reduction projection exposure can be extended to 0.1 um or smaller.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for contact charging to be used in an electrophotographic process, which includes an electrically conductive base and a photosensitive layer formed on the base so as to be charged by contact charging, and is characterized in that even when pin holes or photosensitive layer lacking portions in the form of pin holes are present on he photosensitive layer, short-circuiting is safely and positively prevented over a long period. The electrically conductive base further includes a base main body of aluminum alloy having Brinell hardness higher than 40 H.sub.B, and an alumite treatment applied over the surface of the aluminum alloy base main body.

Abstract: A triazine-based mixture, used as a multichip module device dielectric (14), is made more robust and more resistant to temperature extremes by making it to be of from twenty to sixty percent by weight of triazine and of one to ten percent by weight of siloxane-caprolactone copolymer. The foregoing mixture can be made to have a higher resolution by including zero to twenty percent by weight of novolak epoxy acrylate. The entire mixture preferably additionally comprises two to eight percent by weight of bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether monoepoxyacrylate, zero to twenty percent by weight of carboxyl-terminated butadiene nitrile rubber, two to six percent of N-vinylpyrrolidone, one to ten percent of trimethylolpropanetriacrylate, zero to five weight percent glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 0.05 to five weight percent photoinitiator, zero to two percent pigment, 0.1 to one percent surfactant, zero to 0.3 percent copper benzoylacetonate, and thirty to fifty percent solvent.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided an improved method of manufacturing a shadow mask obtained by independently etching both the surfaces of a metal substrate. After one surface is etched to form a first opening, an etching resistive agent composition containing an acrylic resin, casein, and a leveling agent is applied to the obtained opening to form an etching resistive layer. Subsequently, the other surface is etched to form a second opening in the other surface, and then the etching resistive layer is removed to cause the first and second openings to communicate with each other.

Abstract: In a photomask for use in forming a resist pattern by projection exposure of a resist through the photomask, a phase shifter has a first edge part whose image is to be transferred and a second edge part whose image is not to be transferred. A light attenuator is provided to cover the first edge part. The light attenuator may include an array of opaque stripes arranged at a pitch of not more than the limit of resolution, i.e., 0.5.times..lambda./NA, where .lambda. represents the wavelength of light used for the projection exposure, and NA represents the numerical aperture of an optical system used for the projection exposure. In another embodiment, the light attenuator is formed to cover a shifter edge part in alignment with a line of a transmission mask. In a further embodiment, one or more light attenuators having different transparency are used to obtain lines of a resist pattern having different widths.

Abstract: A method for printing or copying text and/or graphics on support medium in a removable manner to facilitate alterations comprising: creating a toned image, corresponding to the text and/or graphics on a support medium, wherein the image receiving side of the support medium prior to receiving the toned image is blank or contains extraneous markings; and fixing the toned image to the support medium by setting a fusing condition efficacious to removably fix the toned image, thereby rendering the first toned image removably fixed on the support medium.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a cathode ray tube is described. The method comprises the steps of selectively forming a resist layer corresponding to a pattern of a fluorescent material on an inner surface of the panel of a cathode ray tube, and applying a slurry of a light-absorbing material on the entire inner surface of the panel including the resist layer to form a light-absorbing layer. An inorganic pigment slurry is applied over the entire inner surface of the panel to form an inorganic pigment layer on the light-absorbing layer and then subjected to reverse development to selectively remove the resist layer along with the light-absorbing layer and the white pigment layer, thereby forming a matrix pattern. Finally, a fluorescent material is applied to individual removed portions of the matrix pattern to form a fluorescent pattern. Monochromatic or color cathode ray tubes are obtained with an improved luminance and a colorimetric purity by a simple procedure.

Abstract: A toner for electrophotography which comprises, as a binder resin, a polyester resin obtained from carboxylic acids containing aromatic monomer in a proportion of 80 mol % or more relative to the entire carboxylic acid component, and alcohols containing aliphatic diols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in a proportion of 70-100 mol % relative to the entire alcohol component and alicyclic alcohols in a proportion of 0-30 mol % relative to the entire alcohol component, and having a specific gravity of 1.3 or more, a glass transition temperature of 58.degree. C. or more, and a number average molecular weight of 1,000-6,000. The toner of the present invention is superior in image characteristics, fixability, storage stability (resistance to blocking), resistance to plasticizer and charge stability.

Abstract: A photomask includes a transparent substrate, a light shielding film formed on the substrate, and a transparent film formed on the light shielding film and the substrate. The light shielding film has a bottom in contact with the substrate, a side face at an acute angle to the bottom, and an upper face in parallel with the bottom and at an obtuse angle to the side face. According to the light shielding film having such a configuration, a phase shift portion of a predetermined width and thickness can be formed accurately in the periphery of the light shielding film. The inferior influence of reflecting light with respect to the pattern resolution can be reduced if films of low reflectance are provided in the upper and lower portions of the light shielding film to improve the pattern resolution.

Abstract: A metallic toner fluid composition that contains (A) electrostatically charged, colloidal elemental metal particles dispersed in an electrically nonconductive organic carrier liquid having a dielectric constant less than about 3.5 and a volume resistivity greater than about 10.sup.12 ohm-cm, (B) a soluble surfactant in an amount sufficient to charge and stabilize the colloidal metal dispersion, and (C) an effective amount of organosol particles and/or a soluble polymer that is not a soluble surfactant (B). Also disclosed at a substrate coated with elemental metallic toner fluid particles. The coated substrate can act as a donor substrate for thermal mass transfer of images to a secondary receiving substrate by performing either or both of the following steps, in any order:a) transferring the elemental metal coating from the primary substrate to the secondary receiving substrate;b) contacting the elemental metal coated primary or secondary substrate with an electroless metal plating solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for generating images which comprises providing an original document with an image thereon, which image is developed with a composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, a low molecular weight wax component, and additive particles; and thereafter generating images therefrom; and wherein the original document subsequent to development is abrasion resistant.

Abstract: A phase shift mask comprising a light-transmitting substrate, a plurality of uniformly spaced phase shift regions formed over the light-transmitting substrate, and a plurality of light shield regions formed over the light-transmitting substrate, each of the light shield regions being disposed at opposite sides of the phase shift regions. Each light shield region has substantially the same thickness as the phase shift regions. The phase shift regions are made of a conductive metal, thereby requiring no additional conductive film for avoiding charging phenomena. The light shield regions are made of an inexpensive metal such as zinc, which typically is less expensive than materials such as chromium. Any environmental contamination caused by waste disposal or the like also may be avoided in that heavy metals such as chromium need not be used.

Abstract: The method for producing a color filter of the present invention comprises the following steps: an inorganic active layer is formed on a transparent substrate, a first color is dyed on said inorganic active layer, a resist is formed on portions of the inorganic active layer other than portions where a second color is dyed, a decoloring treatment is conducted, the second color is dyed on the exposed inorganic active layer, the resist is removed, a resist is formed on portions of the inorganic active layer other than portions where a third color is dyed, a decoloring treatment is conducted, the third color is dyed on the exposed inorganic active layer, and then the resist is removed.