Abstract: An improved process for producing nitrogen-based atmospheres suitable for annealing ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals, sintering metal and ceramic powders, and sealing glass to metals from non-cryogenically generated nitrogen is presented. These atmospheres are produced by 1) humidifying non-cryogenically generated nitrogen containing less than 5.0 vol. % residual oxygen, 2) mixing it with a specified amount of a hydrocarbon gas, 3) feeding the gaseous mixture into the heating zone of a furnace through a diffuser, and 4) converting in-situ the residual oxygen and moisture present in it to a mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, moisture, and/or hydrogen. The key features of the present invention include a) humidifying the feed gas prior to introducing it into the heating zone of a furnace operated above about 800.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing low-cost atmospheres suitable for annealing, brazing, and sintering non-ferrous metals and alloys from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing up to 5%, residual oxygen is disclosed. According to the process, suitable atmospheres are produced by 1) pre-heating the non-cryogenically produced nitrogen stream containing residual oxygen to a desired temperature, 2) mixing it with more than a stoichiometric amount a hydrocarbon gas, 3) passing it through a reactor packed with a platinum group of metal catalyst to reduce the residual oxygen to very low levels and convert it to a mixture of moisture and carbon dioxide, and 4) using the reactor effluent stream for annealing, brazing, and sintering non-ferrous metals and alloys in a furnace.

Abstract: A process for generating in-situ low-cost atmospheres suitable for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering metal and ceramic powders in a continuous furnace from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing up to 5% residual oxygen is presented. The disclosed process involves mixing nitrogen gas containing residual oxygen with a pre-determined amount of a reducing gas such as hydrogen, a hydrocarbon, or a mixture thereof, feeding the gaseous mixture through a non-conventional device into the hot zone of a continuous heat treating furnace, converting residual oxygen to an acceptable form such as moisture, a mixture of moisture and carbon dioxide, or a mixture of moisture, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and using the resultant gaseous mixture for annealing and heat treating metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sintering metal and ceramic powders, and sealing glass to metals.

Abstract: Palladium based dental alloys do not show unaesthetic discolorations after ceramic firing if said alloys contain 66-85% by weight palladium, 1-20% by weight gold; 0-4% by weight silver; 0-4% by weight of at least one of platinum, iron and/or cobalt; 0.5-7% by weight of each of gallium, tin and indium, whereby the amount of said components total 9-14% by weight; 0-2% by weight germanium and/or zinc; and 0-1% by weight iridium, ruthenium and/or rhenium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process in which a metal or metal alloy is thermal spray coated onto a base alloy material prior to hot working. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of plasma coating of titanium over a titanium alloy plate for improved hot workability. This combination allows the crack-sensitive base alloy to be rolled with a minimum of surface and edge cracks. In addition, by using a plasma sprayed titanium coating there is a reduction in the roll force required to reduce the material during the hot working process.

Abstract: A structural part for a nuclear reactor fuel assembly includes a zirconium alloy material having at least one alloy ingredient selected from the group consisting of oxygen and silicon, a tin alloy ingredient, at least one alloy ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium and nickel, and a remainder of zirconium and unavoidable contaminants. The zirconium alloy material has a content of the oxygen in a range of substantially from 700 to 2000 ppm, a content of the silicon of substantially up to 150 ppm, a content of the iron in a range of substantially from 0.07 to 0.5% by weight, a content of the chromium in a range of substantially from 0.05 to 0.35% by weight, a content of the nickel of substantially up to 0.1% by weight, and a content of the tin in a range of substantially from 0.8 to 1.7% by weight.

Abstract: A titanium aluminide is composed of 31 to 34 mass % of Al, 1.5 to 3.0 mass % of Fe, 0.5 to 2.0 mass % of V, 0.18 to 0.35 mass % of B with remainder being Ti and inevitable impurities. The 0.5 to 2.0 mass % of V may be replaced with a 1.0 to 3.0 mass % of Mo or a 0.3 to 1.5 mass % of Cr. By precision casting this alloy, a novel titanium aluminide alloy is obtained in which numerous whisker-like Ti--B compound are uniformly dispersed. The titanium aluminide alloy does not possess a coarse lamellar structure which would cause cracking.

Abstract: A family of gamma titanium aluminide alloys is provided which is based on the intermetallic compound TiAl and includes alloying additions which enable the alloys to exhibit both sufficient mechanical properties and environmental capabilities for use in high temperature applications associated with gas turbine and automotive engines. The preferred alloys have a nominal aluminum content of about 46 atomic percent and further include niobium at about three to about five atomic percent and tungsten at about one atomic percent nominally, so as to selectively enhance the oxidation resistance of the alloy. As species of the preferred alloy, alloying additions of vanadium, chromium and manganese can be included at levels of up to about two atomic percent to enhance the toughness and ductility of the preferred alloy at lower temperatures, such as those encountered during fabrication and during low temperature operations.

Abstract: A metastable beta titanium-base alloy of Ti-Fe-Mo-Al, with a MoEq. greater than 16, preferably greater than 16.5 and preferably 16.5 to 20.5 and more preferably about 16.5. The alloy desirably exhibits a minimum percent reduction in area (% RA) of 40%. Preferred composition limits for the alloy, in weight percent, are 4 to 5 Fe, 4 to 7 Mo, 1 to 2 Al, up to 0.25 oxygen and balance Ti.

Abstract: A method for making a non-magnetic alloy structure. Alloy samples are for by taking three volumes V1 of host matrix material having a first susceptibility X1 and adding to each of them one of three volumes V2, V3 and V4 of a magnetically compensating material having a second opposite susceptibility X2. The volume V3 is chosen so that (V1)(X1) =(V3)(X2). The volumes V2 and V4 are chosen so that V3/V1-V2/V1 is equal to 0.299 percent and V4/V1-V3/V1 is equal to 0.531 percent. The magnetizations of the alloy samples are determined and ploted as a function of their volume percentages. A volume percentage V5/V1 is determined from the plot, such that the volume percentage, V5/V1, has zero magnetization. This volume percentage V5/V1 is used to make nonmagnetic alloy structures having this volume percentage V5/V1.

Abstract: A method for heat-treatment of tungsten based alloys, capable of improving impact toughness while keeping tensile strength and elongation. The method comprises maintaining a sintered tungsten based alloy consisting of 86 to 99 weight % tungsten and the balance at least one selected from a group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt and molybdenum, at a temperature ranged from 950.degree. to 1,350.degree. C. for a maintenance time of one minute to 24 hours, quenching the sintered alloy in water or in oil, and repeating the maintaining and quenching steps.

Abstract: A process for producing a crack-free, laser nitride-hardened layer on a titanium substrate, the process including preheating the substrate, melting a small area of substrate with a laser, and shrouding the melted area with a gas mixture having a maximum critical amount of nitrogen not greater than 85%. A crack-free pump shaft so hardened to Rockwell 52 C is produced.

Abstract: A noble metal dental casting alloy for use in making dental restorations comprises 35-70 percent by weight palladium, 25-50 percent by weight silver, 0.5-10 percent by weight manganese, and 1-30 percent of at least one modifier element selected from (i) the group of gold, platinum, copper, tin, gallium, zinc, indium and cobalt in amounts of up to 15 percent by weight each, and (ii) the group of ruthenium, rhenium, aluminum, germanium, lithium, silicon, iridium, boron, tantalum and niobium in amounts of up to 5 percent by weight each. The alloy has a solidus temperature of at least 1100.degree. C., a liquidus temperature of not more than 1400.degree. C., tensile elongation of at least 2 percent, thermal expansion coefficient of at least 14.0.times.10.sup.-6 per .degree.C., Vickers hardness of at least 150, and offset yield strength at 0.2 percent of at least 250 MPa.

Abstract: A slide bearing comprising a copper-nickel-tin alloy consisting essentially of______________________________________ 4-8% by wt nickel, 4-8% by wt tin, 0.005-1.0 by wt zinc, 0.005-0.5 by wt iron, 0.005-1.0 by wt lead, ______________________________________the remainder being copper and common impurities, the alloy having a multi-phase granular state with a preferred linear orientation and including:at least one of discontinuous gamma phase precipitations and continuous gamma phase precipitations, the precipitations being formed followed cold forming of the alloy by heat treatment at a temperature of 300.degree. to 450.degree. C. for 10 minutes to 50 hours so as to provide about 0.1 to about 30 volume % of the gamma phase in the alloy,up to 15 volume % of highly concentrated tin and nickel grain areas (GSnNi) characterized by the atomic formula Cu.sub.43 Ni.sub.17 Sn.sub.40,up to 15 volume % of highly concentrated tin and nickel grain areas (GSn) characterized by the atomic formula Cu.sub.80 Ni.sub.6 Sn.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds that exhibit unusually low electrical resistivity at room temperature. More specifically, it has been discovered that the incorporation of at least 1 to 15 atomic percent of gallium and/or at least 1 to 15 atomic percent gold into stoichiometric copper germanide (Cu.sub.3 Ge) compound results in a room temperature resistivity comparable to elemental copper, but with superior chemical and electronic stability upon exposure to air or oxygen at high temperatures. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention have none of the problems associated with the diffusion of copper into elemental and compound semiconductors which oftentimes lead to the degradation of the semiconductor device characteristics. Additionally, the present invention relates to a method of preparing the novel compounds mentioned previously hereinabove.

Abstract: Alloys which form metallic glass upon cooling below the glass transition temperature at a rate appreciably less than 10.sup.6 K/s comprise beryllium in the range of from 5 to 52 atomic percent and at least one early transition metal in the range of from 30 to 75% and at least one late transition metal in the range of from 2 to 52%. A preferred group of metallic glass alloys has the formula (Zr.sub.1-X Ti.sub.X).sub.a (Cu.sub.1-y Ni.sub.y).sub.b Be.sub.c. Generally, a is in the range from 30 to 75% and the lower limit increases with increasing x. When x is in the range of from 0 to 0.15, b is in the range of from 5 to 52%, and c is in the range of from 6 to 47%. When x is in the range of from 0.15 to 0.4, b is in the range of from 5 to 52%, and c is in the range of from 5 to 47%. When x is in the range of from 0.4 to 0.6, b is in the range of from 5 to 52%, and c is in the range of from 5 to 47%. When x is in the range of from 0.6 to 0.

Abstract: Machinable alpha beta brass having a reduced lead concentration is claimed. The alloy contains bismuth to improve machinability. Either a portion of the zinc is replaced with aluminum, silicon or tin, or a portion of the copper is replaced with iron, nickel or manganese.

Abstract: A quench system which can be used to quench a continuous reaction such as the continuous digestion of titaniferous ores with sulphuric acid is provided. The quench system comprises a pressure vessel (1) equipped with a full bore outlet valve (5) connected to a reaction vessel (7) which may require quenching. The pressure vessel is partly filled with a liquid (18) and the ullage is occupied by a gas under pressure, the pressure being sufficient to discharge the liquid through the outlet valve (5) when open. The reaction vessel is equipped with means to detect cessation of stirring therein or power failure and the full bore valve is equipped with means (19) to open when cessation of stirring or power failure is detected.Operation of the quench system enables a reaction to be rapidly cooled and diluted to prevent solidification and the problems associated therewith in the event of the reactants being unstirred.

Abstract: Aluminum bearing alloy uses Bi having a higher melting point than Sn as a low melting point metal, and also utilizes a selected element(s) which are simultaneously added as well as the amount of such addition. In this manner, aluminum bearing alloy exhibiting fatigue strength and seizure resistance which are excellent than those of conventional Bi-containing aluminium bearing alloy is provided.

Abstract: The high temperature alloy is intended for machine components subjected to high mechanical and thermal stress. It is essentially based on doped TiAl and has the following composition:Ti.sub.x El.sub.y Me.sub.z Al.sub.1-(x+y+z),in which El=B, Ge or Si and Me=Co, Cr, Ge, Hf, Mn, Mo, Nb, Pd, Ta, V, W, Y, and/or Zr and:______________________________________ 0.46 .ltoreq.x .ltoreq.0.54, 0.001 .ltoreq.y .ltoreq.0.015 for El = Ge and Me = Cr, Hf, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ta, V and/or W, 0.001 .ltoreq.y .ltoreq.0.015 for El = Si and Me = Hf, Mn, Mo, Ta, V and/or W, 0 .ltoreq.y .ltoreq.0.01 for El = B and Me = Co, Ge, Pd, Y and/or Zr, 0 .ltoreq.y .ltoreq.0.02 for El = Ge and Me = Co, Ge, Pd, Y and/or Zr, 0.0001 .ltoreq.y .ltoreq.0.01 for El = B and Me = Cr, Mn, Nb and/or W, 0.01 .ltoreq.z .ltoreq.0.04 if Me = an individual element, 0.01 .ltoreq.z .ltoreq.0.08 if Me = two or more individual elements and 0.46 .ltoreq.(x + y + z) .ltoreq.0.54.