Abstract: A ratio control system for use in a continuously variable transmission is disclosed in conjunction with an improved technique for operation thereof. Individual gain schedules provide proportional gain in response to a selected one of a number of modes dependent upon clutch input speed, transmission belt ratio, or engine set point. Engine speed set point is determined as a function of a set point schedule in conjunction with a limiter and a filter to provide a gradual response to rapid changes in a throttle input or driver demand signal and vehicle speed. The error signal generated as an output of any of the proportional gain loops is integrated and combined with a null signal to provide a signal to generate a duty cycle for a pulse width modulation controlled electrohydraulic control valve to control the pressure to the primary sheave in a continuously variable transmission system for modifying the belt ratio.

Abstract: An automated LSI chip layout arrangement includes automated layout of the power bus distribution network. A complete interlocking mesh of buses is run in routing channels lying between groups of circuits to be powered. Each segment of the mesh powering net which affects the chip size is tested to see if it can be removed without adversely affecting the power distribution. If it can be removed, the segment is deleted. The next segment which is critical to the size of the chip is then tested, and the process is continued. Those segments of the power bus distribution network which do not affect the size of the chip are not eliminated. Thus, a low-resistance power distribution bus network is guaranteed, and chip size is minimized.

Abstract: In order to maintain low telephone interference (IT factor) during its normal operation and to establish rapid-post-fault voltage support to preserve the integrity of electric power transmission lines in the presence of degraded system impedance and harmonic instability, amplitude detection in a transmission voltage regulator (static VAR generator, SVG) is provided based on real time conventional, or fast, Fourier analysis, data samples being used to establish the fundamental voltage amplitude and collected during a specific, frequency tracking sliding window that precedes the amplitude reading by one line voltage cycle of the transmission line. The number of samples in the window is an integer multiple of the line frequency and, in the case of conventional analysis, the pulse number of the switching power circuit is used in the SVG. The amplitude value is updated after each sampling by shifting (sliding) the one cycle sample data base in a first in - first out manner.

Abstract: For the purpose of satisfying placement constraint prescribed by design rule data, a region to which a plurality of circuit elements appertain is displayed in such a way that this region is moved to such a position as to environ a part of the circuit elements and at the same time is superposed on a layout graph thereof. The placement of the circuit elements is updated such that some elements placed outside the foregoing region among all the circuit elements are made to enter this region.

Abstract: Control sub-systems, modularized on both a hardware and software basis are configurable to supplement an existing cogeneration system package, controlling and/or monitoring only essential control points of such cogeneration system to select thermal or electrical load following modes, or on and off modes, and to optimize the operation of the cogeneration system handling only a few control points. Various inputs of the cogenerator system are sensed and used in generating diagnostic or performance evaluation routines. Personality modules adapt the sub-systems to a particular cogeneration package type, and permit tailoring for economic considerations, such as local rates and schedules, performance characteristics and operating constraints of the associated cogeneration package and the like.

Abstract: A signal processing method for determining base sequence of nucleic acids by subjecting digital signals to signal processing, said digital signals corresponding to an autoradiograph of a resolved pattern which is formed by resolving a mixture of base-specific DNA fragments or base-specific RNA fragments labeled with a radioactive element in one-dimensional direction on a support medium, which comprises steps of:(1) preparing at least two one-dimensional waveforms for each band, with position along the resolving direction as abscissa and signal level as ordinate;(2) detecting positions at which signal level is maximum on each waveform; and(3) comparing the positions having maximum signal level detected on the plural waveforms for each band to determine a position of said band.

Abstract: The maximum cylinder pressure angle in an internal combustion engine is approximated by inputting the output of a cylinder pressure sensor to a window comparator, comparing the sensor output with predetermined reference values, determining intersection points of the sensor output with the reference values from the pulses output by the comparator, determining the time lapse between a predetermined reference point such as piston TDC and the intersection points, calculating the midpoints between the respective intersection point pairs, extending the line connecting the midpoints, determining the arc tangent of the extension as an indicator of the slope thereof, determining the product of the arc tangent and a separately determined maximum cylinder pressure and using this product to determine the total time lapse from the predetermined reference point up to the intersection of the extension with the sensor output, multiplying this total time by a time/angle conversion factor, and defining the so-obtained angle as

Abstract: A multi-channel ultrasonic inspection system includes an ultrasonic inspection unit which generates ultrasonic inspection pulses, supplies the pulses to a part being inspected, produces an output signal proportional to the level of echo pulses received within a predetermined gate time window following generation of the inspection pulses, and generates an alarm signal whenever the output signal exceeds a predetermined gate level. The system also includes data recording apparatus having a microcomputer, a mathematics processor chip, a control panel, and a printer. A gate reference level for each channel is stored by the microcomputer by pressing a channel button on the control panel, supplying inspection pulses to a workpiece having a standard defect, and adjusting the gain or gate level of the ultrasonic inspection unit until an alarm signal is generated. The operator then presses a START button which causes the reference levels to be printed.

Abstract: Ultrasonic apparatus and methods for detecting defects in a part include a plurality of transducer channels, at least one of which is dedicated to determining the thickness of the part. An initial thickness value is determined and stored, and then subsequent thickness estimates are compared to the original thickness value and, if the estimates bear a predetermined relationship with the stored thickness value, then the thickness estimates become the new thickness values.

Abstract: In an automotive vehicle having an automatic transmission that driveably connects a power source to the driving wheels, a method to control the application of hydraulic pressure to a clutch, whose engagement produces an upshift and whose disengagement produces a downshift, the speed of the power source, and the output torque of the transmission. The transmission output shaft torque and the power source speed are the controlled variables. The commanded power source torque and commanded hydraulic pressure supplied to the clutch are the control variables. A mathematical model is formulated that describes the kinematics and dynamics of the powertrain before, during and after a gear shift. The model represents the operating characteristics of each component and the structural arrangement of the components within the transmission being controlled.

Abstract: Printed wiring boards (PWBs) applied to this inspection system are previously formed with marks in prescribed positional relation to wiring patterns. Deviation of PWBs with respect to absolute coordinates of the inspection system is detected by reading the marks. The PWBs are sequentially set one by one on a movable table, to be subjected to image acquisition of the marks and inspected areas. A first PWB is image-acquisited whereby obtained binary image data of the inspected area are stored in a memory unit. Thereafter a second PWB is image-acquisited, and in advance to the image acquisition of its inspected area, relative misregistration of the both PWBs is found by deviation data on respective marks of the first and second PWBs. The binary image data of the first PWB is read from the memory unit on the basis of the binary image data of the second PWB. When the binary image data of the first PWB are read, positional correction, i.e.

Abstract: Nondestructive ultrasonic testing systems and methods include data processing capabilities which allow time division multiplexing of several transducer channels by a smaller number of gates for signal processing, and time division multiplexing the outputs of the gates for subsequent evaluation.

Abstract: A system for reducing wing root bending moment load during aircraft maneuvers. The system operates to reduce the lift on the outboard section of the wing by moving an outboard flap upward in response to commands calculated from aircraft parameters and a predetermined wing root bending moment load limit.

Abstract: A steering angle detection device of the type wherein a computer (12) calculates a steering angle. When a steering shaft (20) is turned, pulse signals (SS1, SS2) are generated from an encoder (10). In response to these pulses signals (SS1, SS2), the computer (12) detects the rotational direction and angle of the steering shaft (20). When a sampling signal is generated in relation to the running of a vehicle, the computer (12) calculates a mean value of a cumulative past rotational angles and further calculates the rotational angle of the steering shaft (20) relative to a neutral position indicated by the mean value.

Abstract: A method for controlling an AMT system (10) is provided including sensing the recovery mode of operation of the fuel control (26) and, if the fuel control command out signal (THCMD) from the controller (42) is less than the demand input signal (THL), increasing the value of the fuel control command output signal (THCMD) until it is equal to the value of the throttle pedal demand input signal (THL) at a rate dependent upon currently engaged gear ratio (GR) from an initial value dependent upon engine speed (N).

Abstract: Thermal stress of a metal portion of a pressure-tight tube is calculated on the basis of calculated values of a temperature distribution calculator for calculating the distribution of temperature at positions equidistantly arranged in a direction of the thickness of the aforesaid tube on the basis of measured values of metal portion of the aforesaid tube, whereby the thermal stress being changed momently is accurately measured and monitored. Further, there is provided a calculation cycle setter for presetting calculation cycles on the basis of measured values of the fluid temperature in the aforesaid tube. The calculation cycles are made short when fluctuations in the measured values of the fluid temperature are large, while, the calculation cycles are made long when fluctuations in the measured values of the fluid temperature are small.

Abstract: To reduce the size of binary decision tree-type integrated circuit representations of boolean expressions, any boolean expression or sub-expression which is fully defined by one of its partial expressions is represented by only that one partial expression. If gate branching of the decision tree is a default case which is invoked only when both partial expressions are needed to define an expression or sub-expression. These reduced size expression trees readily map into CMOS cascade logic, thereby producing low power, reasonably compact, integrated circuit representations of boolean expressions.

Abstract: A method of digitially filtering unfiltered values from a transducer to eliminate jitter compares a new unfiltered value against the previous filtered value. If the difference exceeds a selected amount the unfiltered amount is taken as and replaces the filtered value. If the difference is less than the selected amount then the new filtered amount is calculated from sliding percentages of the old filtered value added to the new unfiltered value. The two percentages add to one hundred percent, and linearly reflect what percentage the difference is of the selected amount.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for checking the geometry of multi-layer patterns for IC structures having identical functions, each of the multi-layer patterns including layer patterns arranged in different level layers, wherein electrical image signals corresponding to any two of the multi-layer patterns and having more than two levels are registered with each other and then compared to determine unmatched and matched portions. The comparison of the registered electric image signals may be performed with respect to their amplitude or their gradients. The registration and comparison of two electric image signals may be repeated for all of the layer patterns with the matched portions being no longer subjected to the registration and comparison. A defect detection signal is produced from finally unmatched portions, if any, of the electric image signals having undergone the said registration and comparison.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drawing, by an electron beam, patterns on a semiconductor wafer for fabricating of an integrated circuit. Chip areas on the semiconductor wafer are each divided into rectangular blocks arrayed in rows and columns. The deflection field of the electron beam is selected slightly larger than each block. Real block marks, indicating the positions of respective blocks, are provided on every side of the chip area. The specimen is fed so that a block array starting at one corner of the chip area passes through the deflection field along one side of the array. Upon detecting the block marks at three corners of a first block of the array, correction coefficients for the block are computed based on the positions of the three detected real block marks and then an imaginary block mark is set at the remaining corner of the block on the basis of the correction coefficients.