Abstract: A method for enabling format independent communication of visual information between diverse computers, work stations, and terminals is disclosed. The inventive method relies on a universal format which can be used to represent the data comprising any raster display. Illustratively, the data comprising a raster display is first translated from the native format of an originating system into the universal format. When in the universal format, it is possible to convert the raster from one type to another (e.g., from color to pseudo-color or grey to pseudo-color) so that the raster can be displayed by a receiving system which comprises equipment different from that of the originating system.

Abstract: A method for heat loss surveys comprising the steps of obtaining one or more thermal profiles of a surface radiating heat, the thermal profiles being marked in depicting areas of specified temperatures; at a selected location on each surface a heat flux measurement is made to thereby identify the heat loss from the surface at the selected location. The selected heat loss measurement is then correlated with the thermal profiles by employing a scaling equation to thus obtain indication of heat loss from all increments of the thermal profile, and thence from the entire surface under investigation. Heat loss evaluations for each of the various surfaces of the object being measured are then totalized. The total heat loss and the consequent cost thereof is considered to determine if heat insulation of the object will enhance or impede return on investment.

Abstract: Jitter in a clock signal is measured by using the clock signal to clock a digitizer repetitively digitizing a highly stable sine wave signal so as to produce a first data sequence representing the magnitiude of the sine wave signal as a function of time. This first data sequence is normalized to produce a second data sequence having data elements that vary between maximum and minimun magnitudes of +1 and -1. The arcsine of each element of the second data sequence is then determined to provide a monotonically increasing third data sequence, wherein each element of the third data sequence indicates a phase angle associated with a corresponding element of the second data sequence. A fourth data sequence is then generated, each element of the fourth data sequence representing a difference between a phase angle represented by a corresponding element of the third data sequence and a phase angle that the corresponding element of the third data sequence would represent if the clock signal had a constant frequency.

Abstract: There is disclosed a specific automatic logic design technique according to which, first, an initial logic circuit, which is automatically synthesized based on a "hardware description language" and using standard logic elements stored in advance as a library, is stored in a data storage unit. The logic circuit is displayed on a display device to permit an operator to assign, by using a block assignment unit, logic elements that must be grouped together as a single circuit block from the logic elements constituting the logic circuit so that the actual design conditions including restrictions for placement and wiring are satisfied. When the logic elements to be grouped together are assigned, they are combined as a circuit block before the logic circuit is subjected to automatic layout optimization processing. The logic circuit is rearranged to include the circuit block as a circuit section having a fixed internal circuit configuration.

Abstract: A novel diagnostic system used in conjunction with an engine electronic control automatically determines start bleed strap failure in a gas turbine engine. The system indirectly determines engine start bleed strap failure without a separate sensor. A normal turbine temperature to engine inlet temperature ratio and burner pressure to engine inlet pressure ratio relationship is established. A failed engine start bleed strap corresponds to a high turbine temperature to engine inlet temperature ratio at a given burner pressure to engine inlet pressure ratio.

Abstract: A control device for maintaining a constant speed of an automobile, having an internal combustion engine with a throttle valve and an actuator for the throttle valve. A degree of opening of the throttle valve is decided to bring the speed of the automobile to a desired set speed, corrected in accordance with running conditions by cyclically repeating an integral calculation at a first pattern to provide an integral correction value when a difference exists between the detected speed and the set speed. This integral correcting value is quickly returned at a second pattern greater than the first pattern when the integral correction value becomes greater than a predetermined value and the relationship between the detected speed and the set speed is reversed.

Abstract: For the physical design of a very large scale integration (VSLI) chip, a method is provided to implement a high density master image that contains logic and RAMs. In a hierarchical top-down design methodology, the circuitry to be contained on the chip is logically divided into partitions that are manageable by the present automatic design systems and programs. Global wiring connection lines are from the beginning included into the design of the different individual partitions and treated there in the same way as circuits in that area. Thus, the different partitions are designed in parallel. A floor plan is established that gives the different partitions a shape in such a way that they fit together without leaving any space between the different individual partitions. The chip need no extra space for global wiring and the partitions are immediately attached to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for providing the projections of signals supplied to two inputs on mutually perpendicular axises by applying a different combination of the signals respectively at said input terminals and quadrature phases of an AC wave to each of four phase detectors or by applying each combination in sequence to each phase detector. Means are provided for calculating impedances from the outputs of the phase detectors when the voltages applied to the inputs are respectively those appearing across an unknown impedance and a calibrated resistor that is in series with it, there being an AC voltage applied across the series circuit.

Abstract: A database is stored in a mass memory. For this purpose, it is first divided into main cells and then into base cells according to a predetermined regular division pattern. Each base cell is then checked to see whether its data content is sufficient to occupy substantially completely a storage parcel having a predetermined capacity. If this is the case, the base cell is thus accommodated in a storage parcel; if this is not the case, adjacent base cells are grouped until a storage parcel is occupied substantially completely. The operation of addressing a storage parcel is effected by the use of a main cell table in which address pointers are stored, each of which points to a base cell table. In the base cell table, an index is given for each base cell and this index indicates in which storage parcel the relevant base cell is accommodated.

Abstract: The microcomputer applied control unit for use in a vehicle comprises digital data input device for setting a data direction register immediately before the digital data is read via an I/O port, and storage for storing the data thus inputted by the digital data input device.

Abstract: This digital processing circuit or sequence includes means (10, 16) of sampling an analog signal and of converting the acquired samples into digital form, a shift register (25), means (23) of storing a value (N.sub..xi.) of an integration constant, a unit (30), an accumulator (31) and a sequencer (14) which controls the sampling and the conversion into digital form of the samples by the said means during a measuring period, the storage of the said digital value representing the last sample acquired in the shift register (25), the operation of the said unit (30) as an adder during the measuring period for the computation of a cumulative sum and, at the end of the said period, the operation of the unit (30) as a subtractor and the operations of rotation of the content of the accumulator (31) in order to divide the final result of the cumulative sum by the value (N.sub..xi.) of the integration constant.

Abstract: A logic design automation system examines correspondence relationship among sublogics in intermediate gate-level logic (containing neither physical design information nor manually optimized logic design information) produced from updated functional-level logic and current gate-level logic (containing the above information) to identify corresponding sublogics and non-corresponding sublogics of the gate-level logics with reference to primary input/output signals and input/output gates. For the corresponding sublogics, the corresponding sublogics of the current gate-level logic are selected, and for the non-corresponding sublogics, the non-corresponding sublogics of the intermediate gate-level logic are selected. The selected sublogics are combined to synthesize updated gate-level logic which preserved therein the physical design information and the manually optimized logic design information for portions of the current gate-level logic which need not be modified.

Abstract: A digital mapping display system for an aircraft wherein map data from a mass memory unit is periodically loaded into RAM in the form of a cache memory in accordance with the aircraft trajectory. The cache memory is randomly addressable within the physical address space of a control processor, individual segments of the cache memory being loaded with map data and updated while other segments are being displayed, thereby avoiding the inherent delay of accessing the mass memory unit and addressing the entire RAM array. Parallel processing of map data and symbology facilitate a real-time display.

Abstract: A method for controlling an oxygen concentration sensor for controlling an internal combustion engine, having a sensor body including a wall of oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte member, and a heater element for heating the wall of oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte member. During a time period after the ignition switch of the internal combustion engine is turned on, current value of the heater current to the heater element is reduced to a value which is smaller than the current value of the heater current to be supplied after the lapse of the time period.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine supplies an output signal from an O.sub.2 sensor detecting the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas to an electronic control unit having a microcomputer, and a control valve of the carburetor is controlled by a control signal from the microcomputer so as to control the air-fuel ratio in a feedback manner. A desired upper limit value is set for the control signal and, when the control signal exceeds this upper limit value in a transient operating condition of the engine, when its operating state is shifted from an idling state to a partial operating state, the microcomputer promptly changes the rich air-fuel ratio to a proper value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for processing signals supplied by accelerometer assemblies in which one or more accelerometers are cyclically displaced in a predetermined manner so that signals representing the specific force experienced by the accelerometers and the angular rate experienced by the accelerometers are produced. The signal processor separately estimates the signal components of the signal being processed and provides an error signal by subtracting the estimated signal components from the signal being processed. The error signal is fed back through circuitry that controls the magnitude of the estimated signal components so that the value of each estimated signal component rapidly converges to the value of the signal components of the signal being processed.

Abstract: A quantity of fuel supplied to an engine so as to allow the air-fuel ratio of a gas mixture to be a target air-fuel ratio is subjected to a feedback correction based on an air-fuel ratio sensor. At the time of the feedback correction, a learning correction is also conducted on the basis of a learning value that is calculated in accordance with a feedback correction value. When the learning value to be used for the learning correction is altered, the feedback correction value is initialized. An initialized feedback correction value is an addition of the feedback correction value before the alteration to a deviation of the respective learning values before and after the alteration of the learning values.

Abstract: In a four wheel drive vehicle, a four wheel drive device receives rotational power from an engine and provides it to the combination of the front wheels of the vehicle and also to the combination of the rear wheels of the vehicle. A device is provided for selectively coupling the rotation of the combination of the front vehicle wheels and the rotation of the combination of the rear vehicle wheels.

Abstract: A plurality of control maps which are used to control the position of an engine throttle valve or similar device which effects the power output of the engine, are stored in memory. The wheel slip of the vehicle is monitored and if found to be in excess of an allowable limit or limits the control map currently in use is changed or downgraded to one which exhibits less rapid engine power generation characteristics. On the other hand, if the rate at which a control element such as an accelerator pedal is moved in direction which demands increased engine output is greater than zero; the amount of wheel slip is below the allowable limit or limits; and the control signal being produced by the instant control map is at its maximum permissible level for the instant position of the control element, then the currently used map is upgraded to one which permits increased and more rapid engine power development.

Abstract: An electronically-controlled fuel injection system having a synchronous counter which receives main injection time data corresponding to an amount of fuel to be injected synchronously to engine revolutions, and an asynchronous counter which receives increment injection time data corresponding to an amount of fuel to be injected at a selected time interval asynchronously to the engine revolutions, wherein the synchronous counter is operated for a period of time equal to the main injection time data upon receiving a synchronous signal which is generated synchronously to the engine revolutions, while the asynchronous counter is operated for a period of time equal to the increment injection time data upon receiving an asynchronous signal which is generated at the selected time interval, so as to open a fuel injection valve by pulses which are output from the respective counters during the operations thereof.