Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling a fuel injection quantity for an internal combustion engine wherein the fuel injection quantity is controlled on the basis of both an intake-pipe pressure and a rotational speed of the engine. The output of a pressure sensor for detecting the intake-pipe pressure is processed by a CR filter having a time constant which enables removal of a pulsating component of the intake-pipe pressure. The output of the CR filter is relaxed to calculate a first weighted mean value with a relatively low degree of relaxation and a second weighted mean value with a relatively high degree of relaxation. The second weighted mean value is subtracted from the first weighted mean value, and an incremental/decremental quantity is determined on the basis of the result of the subtraction.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling reaction temperatures in a chemical analyzer comprises a thermoelectric element operating in response to a temperature sensor, and control means capable of predicting a setpoint deviation for a future time period, and, when an overshoot is predicted, reducing a control signal for the element by an amount proportional to a current setpoint deviation. The apparatus includes at least one reaction cell and a buffer unit for thermally stabilizing a fluid that is fed, on demand, into the reaction cell, the cell and the buffer unit having separate thermoelectric elements and sensors. A microcomputer control system generates independent control signals for the elements.

Abstract: A wire bonding device including a camera for producing image signals corresponding to a field of view including an object having plural target patterns on which wire bonding is to be performed, a displacement device for altering the field view of the camera by varying the relative positioning between the camera and the object, a monitor for displaying an image of the object to be wire bonded, a reference mark display generation circuit coupled to the camera and the monitor for combining reference mark signals with the image signals so that an image of a reference mark is superimposed on the image of each target displayed by said monitor, a reference mark generation circuit for storing data corresponding to plural reference marks and for producing reference mark signals defining a selected reference mark and applying the reference mark signals to the reference mark display generation circuit, and an input selection and control device coupled to the reference mark generation circuit for selecting a reference ma

Abstract: A routing method for wiring design including a determining step for identifying, in one of the wiring sections where no wiring path is determined as yet, the direction of the line segment which is prohibited by an obstacle and accordingly determining a wiring path. The routing method also includes a generating step for generating, on a layer opposite to the layer on which one unprocessed line segment is present and in a position having the same plane coordinates as the line segment, an obstacle which prohibits only such line segments as are parallel in direction to the line segment, on the wiring path determined by the determining step.

Abstract: A control for a continuously variable transmission provides an improved transient performance by restraining proportional and integral terms when an error exceeds a predetermined value range. This is effective in suppressing an overshoot in driver pulley revolution speed in approaching to its target speed. This control is provided with a safeguard against break down of a vehicle speed sensor such that the above mentioned restrain is removed when the vehicle speed indicative signal should drop to zero during running of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method of specification of the routing of signal and planar power nets between terminals of a core module and pads in an array of pads surrounding the core module. The method identifies proximity terminals and cyclic constraints and then routes the signal nets and power nets in separate moat rings that are concentric with the core module. The proximity terminals and any pads involved in cyclic constraints are routed in respective proximity and cyclic moat rings, adjacent the core module and pad array, respectively. Finally, the resulting moat signal nets are promoted within the signal to the next most outwardly adjacent, unoccupied concentric tracks, and then sections of the proximity, signal, power, and cyclic rings are collapsed to the next most radially inward, unoccupied concentric tracks.

Abstract: A method for operating a digital computer to globally route interconnects between terminals of a gate array. A first terminal closest to an average position of terminals to be interconnected is identified. A second terminal closest to the first terminal is then identified, and a first path between the first and second terminals is established along possible paths. An edge of the first path is set as a routing path if predetermined conditions are met. A closest remaining terminal to an established path is next identified, and a shortest path between the closest terminal and the established path to which it was closest is established. Edges of the shortest path and/or the established path to which it was closest are set as routing paths, if predetermined conditions are met. The above steps are then repeated for remaining terminals to be interconnected. Any possible paths within established paths with no set edges can then be set as routing paths.

Abstract: A propulsion control device for a motor vehicle which has a permanently balanced all-wheel drive, wherein the drive slip thresholds at which the control responds in the sense of a braking action, is increased as a function of the velocity and decreased as a function of the transverse acceleration. The acceleration thresholds, at which the control responds, are lowered as a function of the transverse acceleration. In the case of travel in a straight line, the lowest of the wheel peripheral velocities is taken as the reference velocity relative to which the drive slip thresholds are fixed. In the case of travel in a curve, the average of the wheel peripheral velocities of the left-hand side and right-hand side vehicle wheels is taken as the reference velocity for the vehicle wheels on the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the vehicle, respectively. From the time t.sub.

Abstract: In the case of a process for determining operating conditions of a motor vehicle from the output signals of a sensor for a relevant operating variable, by means of the output signal of the sensor and additional analyzers, first an analysis takes place of a sensor signal with respect to various relevant operating parameters, and on the basis of the values of the operating parameters, an n-dimensional (for exmaple, two-dimensional) pattern is generated. This pattern, that in principle is also known from the field of speech recognition and speech processing, is compared with preset patterns and permits a simple and fast analysis of the current operating conditions and a fast recognition of an imminent critical operating condition. Corresponding warning and remedial measures can then be carried out without difficulty.

Abstract: A digitally controlled resistance generator (10) in which resistors (16-38) having values selected according to an expression 2.sup.N-1 (R), where N is equal to the number of terms in the expression, and R is equal to the lowest value of resistance, are electrically inserted into a resistive circuit in accordance with a parallel binary signal provided by an analog-to-digital converter (46) or a programmable computer (75). This binary signal is coupled via optical isolators (50-72) which, when activated by a logical "1," provides a negative potential to some or all of the gate inputs (96) of the normally "on" field effect transistors (98-120) which, when "on," shorts out the associated resistor. This applied negative potential turns the field effect transistors "off" and electrically inserts the resistor coupled between the source terminal (124) and the drain terminal (122) of that field effect transistor into the resistive circuit between the terminals (12, 14).

Abstract: The device allows the physical quantity used for the feedback-governing of the supercharging pressure of an internal combustion engine to be corrected as a function of ambient air temperature.

Abstract: A sensor is suggested for measuring physical dimensions as well as a method for balancing its measuring values, whereby an evaluation circuit is used for the calculation of the accurate measuring value. The sensor (10) is combined with a PROM (15) into a structural unit (19), whereby the correction values for the measuring signals of sensor (10) are stored in PROM (15). Sensor (10) and PROM (15) have at least one output (18) through which the measuring signals as well as the correcting data have to be transmitted to evaluation circuit (30).

Abstract: A computer aided design system includes a means for varying the color of a part of a design created on a visual display screen. A selected color for part of the design is then measured to provide a set of color describing values useful in later reproducing the selected color in an actual garment or other article.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus usable in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, for transferring a pattern of a reticle onto each of discrete areas of a semiconductor wafer in a step-and-repeat manner. The apparatus has a laser interferometer for precisely measuring the amount of displacement of the wafer and a memory for storing positional errors of the shot areas, relative to respective target positions, established at the time of completion of the stepwise movements of the wafer. In accordance with the stored positional errors and with the result of measurement by the laser interferometer, the amount of stepwise movement of the wafer is corrected, whereby the accuracy of step-feed for the wafer is improved without decreasing the throughput. In another aspect, the exposure apparatus is provided with a TTL detection system for detecting the positional error of each of the shot areas relative to a target or reference shot area established at the time of completion of stepwise movement of the wafer.

Abstract: The engine idling speed control system in an internal combustion engine for a vehicle provided with an automatic transmission device. A shift down operation induced for attaining an engine braking effect is detected, and upon detection of such a shift down operation, the idling speed control system is controlled so that the intake air amount is incremented. As a result, an increase in an engine torque is obtained for decreasing shock during a shift down operation executed in an automatic transmission.

Abstract: A process for continuously monitoring a tunnel pasteurizer by observing the spray water temperatures and the time a package is in the tunnel, calculating P.U. input to each package, product cold spot, and average product temperatures in the spray zones, recording and displaying such calculated results, and storing the raw data and calculated results for recall at will in the future.

Abstract: A novel method of controlling air-fuel ratio for an internal combustion engine is disclosed, which comprises a memory area for holding regional compensation factors used for air-fuel ratio control, a memory area for holding new regional compensation factors obtained by learning, and a memory area for holding regional compensation factors based on the result of the learning immediately before the latest learning, thus rationalizing the new setting and updating proceses of regional compensation factors according to the result of learning.

Abstract: The present invention provides an interconnection area decision processor for deciding vertical widths of areas employed for interconnection of a gate array. The interconnection area decision processor predicts which interconnection area each signal net passes on the basis of previously created data on cell arrangement and data on arrangement of transistor rows on a chip to estimate interconnection congestion per channel on the basis of the result of prediction and decide the number of transistor rows to be assigned to each channel on the basis of the estimated interconnection congestion, thereby to create data on the vertical width of each channel. Thus, density of integration can be improved by increasing the number of tracks of channels having large numbers of interconnections and decreasing the number of tracks of channels having small numbers of interconnections.

Abstract: A wheel alignment control system for a vehicle having at least one pair of rear road wheels opposing each other in the transverse direction of the vehicle, for changing and setting a wheel alignment factor of the wheels in relation to a current speed of the vehicle. The wheel alignment factor to be set by the control system is a camber angle of the rear wheels, a static toeing angle of the rear wheels, or a dynamic toeing angle of the rear wheels. The dynamic toeing angle of changed to be set by changing a stroke characteristic of each of a pair of suspenion units respectively supporting the rear wheels, on which the stroke characteristic of an associated one of the suspension units exerts an effect such that, in accordance with a stroke length thereof, the toeing angle of a corresponding one of the rear wheels is varied.

Abstract: A centralized control system for controlling loads includes local or slave control stations, the number of which corresponds with the number of electric motors as loads, the local control stations each executing control of the making and breaking of each motor main circuit, a start compensating operation, and overload and phase-loss protection operations; a key or master control station for transmitting signals for making and breaking each motor main circuit, data signals associated with a soft starting period, and tripping conditions to each local control station, to thereby control the local control stations in a centralized manner; and optical fiber cables connecting between the key control station and the local control stations for data transmission so that a line of loop signal transmission path is formed. When optical signals are supplied to each local control station from the key control station, the optical signals are converted to electrical signals at each local control station.