Abstract: A process for extruding a metal billet, in particular a light metal billet in an extrusion container, into the form of a hollow section through a shape-giving orifice in a die having a mandrel which determines the inner contour of the hollow section, and a device with stem for extruding should be designed such that it is possible to produce flanged tubes with integral flange in one piece. This object is achieved by way of the invention in that in the extrusion of the hollow section an integral flange is produced, preferably at the end of the extrusion stroke. In the extrusion press suitable for this purpose a shaping recess is provided, with respect to the extrusion direction, immediately before the orifice of the die, the radial dimension of which is greater than the width of the die orifice. As such it should be possible to separate the die radial to the extrusion direction into at least two parts.

Abstract: A device for indirect extrusion of a hollow section from a billet, in particular a hollow aluminum billet, which is presented to a shape-giving orifice of a die, which is such that a container can be passed over it, thus enclosing the die, and features in its orifice a mandrel that determines the inner contour of the hollow section. A shaping recess is provided, with respect to the extrusion direction x, immediately in front of the shape-giving orifice of the die, the radial dimension of which recess is greater than the width of the shape-giving orifice. The shaping recess is provided either in the face of the die directed towards the extrusion stem or in the face of the extrusion stem directed towards face of the die.

Abstract: A lithographic mask is corrected by ion beam removal of material at the location of a defect after the mask is initially formed. In the case of defects due to excess material (opaque defects), the ion beam removes the excess opaque material. In the case of pinholes (clear defects), the substrate (typically glass) is rendered opaque. The ion beam may be used for imaging the defect, typically by detection of secondary electrons or photons emitted where the ion beam impinges on the mask. Optical masks (visible, ultraviolet) and X-ray masks, among others, can be corrected.

Abstract: In this system, the electrode supporting arms (2) formed of a closed, hollow, liquid cooled profile for an electric furnace are provided with a vertical member (14) having the same type profile structure at whose lower end the electrode (17) is exchangeably fastened, preferably by means of a clamping device (15). For better current transfer, the supporting arms (2) are in part made of a two-component compound material, preferably to correspond to their current charges.

Abstract: Manufacture of a light metal shock absorber by impact extrusion of a light metal blank whereby, during the impact extrusion process itself, a steel strip is brought into contact with the base of the part which becomes free of obstructive light metal oxide as a result of impact extrusion and is as a result metallically bonded to the said base. The steel component of the composite body is provided with a steel ring which is welded or otherwise appropriately joined during or after the extrusion step. The light metal sleeve can be welded or otherwise appropriately joined to light metal after impact extrusion. The production of a light metal shock absorber is a special case of plastic deformation of light metal and the principles which lead to metallic bonding between light metal and steel or another metal are also valid here.

Abstract: Manufacture of a light metal shock absorber by impact extrusion of the light metal of a steel-light metal composite blank, wherein the metallic bonding of the composite blank is achieved by coextrusion. The steel component on the bottom face of the light metal shock absorber is provided with a steel ring which is welded or otherwise appropriately joined during or after impact extrusion. Also the light metal sleeve of the shock absorber can, after impact extrusion, be welded or otherwise appropriately joined to light metal.

Abstract: A process allows the production of composite sections made of at least two component parts such as conductor rails or the like having a beam-like section with a facing in the form of a conductive metal strip. The process makes use of an extrusion die whereby at least one of the components of the composite section is fed to the die by means of frictional force on a face which moves continuously towards the die.

Abstract: A composite section comprises a beam-like section which may in particular be made of a light-weight metal, and a facing of at least a part of at least one face of the beam-like section made of another metal. The beam-like part is produced by extruding a billet of metal through a die, and at the same time the facing strip is fed through the shape-giving opening in the die. In order to provide an oxide free surface on the extruded beam-like part which is capable of bonding to the surface of the facing strip it is necessary, when using an unscalped billet, that the ratio of the maximum radius of the feed chamber of the die to the minimum radius of the container passage of the die be less than or equal to 0.8. Inside the die there is provided at least one moving face which may e.g. be in the form of a wheel, over which the facing strip passes in being fed to the die opening. Also the strip can be deformed during feeding or extrusion to provide a variety of shapes.

Abstract: A composite section comprises a beam-like section which may in particular be made of a light-weight metal, and a facing of at least a part of at least one face of the beam-like section made of another metal. The beam-like part is produced by extruding a billet of metal through a die, and at the same time the facing strip is fed through the shape-giving opening in the die. Inside the die there is provided at least one moving face which may e.g. be in the form of a wheel, over which the facing strip passes in being fed to the die opening. Also the strip can be deformed during feeding or extrusion to provide a variety of shapes. The wheels can be shaped to effect the shaping of the strip. They also reduce friction and wear in the die. Measures are taken to allow easy access to such wheels for ease of repair or for changing the wheels.

Abstract: An extrusion press stem exhibits at least one channel which runs approximately parallel to the central axis and connects up with a shape giving die. Such a stem as used in the indirect extrusion of materials, in particular light metal billets, is made up of component parts which fit concentrically together and is held securely together by the joints at the end of each component.

Abstract: A process for the extrusion of tubes or similar hollow sections from a billet is disclosed within the billet is forced against a hollow extrusion die surrounding a mandrel and a mandrel support. A core passing through the extrusion billet moves in the direction of extrusion with the billet and is led through the mandrel into the space inside the resultant hollow section. The process of the present invention relieves the die of the high stresses which can otherwise lead to early failure of the die.

Abstract: A process and device for manufacturing composite sections by means of extrusion are described. The composite sections comprise at least two components, one of which is fed into the stream of metal being extruded and is securely joined to the face of the product without coming into contact with the face of the extrusion die.

Abstract: A process allows the production of composite sections made of at least two component parts such as conductor rails or the like having a beam like section with a facing in the form of a conductive metal strip. The process makes use of an extrusion die whereby at least one of the components of the composite section is fed to the die by means of frictional force on a face which moves continuously towards the die.

Abstract: A process and device for carrying out the process allows for the extrustion of composite sections comprising a beam-like section made of a light metal and at least one insert made of another metal which provides a facing on at least one surface of the beam-like section. The beam-like section, which may be a conductor rail, is produced by extruding through a shape-giving die whereby at least two composite sections are produced simultaneously and the facing strips are positioned pairwise between opposite lying parts of the beam-like sections. The present invention allows the facing strips to be introduced into the extrusion device without the extreme bending previously experienced. Brittle materials which could not withstand the extreme bending experienced heretofore can now be used for facing material.

Abstract: A device for extruding ingots, in particular for extruding light metal ingots through a shaping die placed downstream of the ingot, is provided with a scalping facility for removing an outer layer of the ingot immediately prior to extrusion. The said scalping facility is made up of a plurality of blades or similar scalping facilities which together form a scalping ring and can be moved radially with respect to the direction of extrusion, and can be released from the ingot.

Abstract: Extrusion equipment for the shaping of billets, in particular billets of aluminum and its alloys, is described in which there is provided a split container through which an extrusion press ram passes. A casting unit adjacent to the press casts billets in series, and extrusion can be carried out utilizing heat retained in the billet from casting.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and device for carrying out the process for the provision of continuous lubrication of the working surface of an extrusion die. The surface of the extrusion billet is lifted locally from the die surface during extrusion and the lubricant is introduced into the resultant dead space and from there onto the surface of the billet, the working surface of the die and throughout the die as extrusion progresses.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of composite sections comprising at least two components. This is achieved by means of extrusion in particular using a light metal matrix, whereby at least one insert or similar component is fed into the stream of metal being extruded, on each side of the main axis in the region of the extrusion die bearing and covered all over with light metal as a result of pressure from all sides.

Abstract: A container for an extrusion press with a liner space which has its shape defined by at least one, if desirable several, component parts in which in the liner wall where the highest stresses arise there is provided at least one groove or similar recess. These grooves run approximately in the extrusion direction, and are filled and sealed with a weld which behaves elastically during extrusion. The intrusion of extruded metal into the gaps is thus prevented and a longer lifetime of the container is achieved.

Abstract: Manufacture of a light metal shock absorber by impact extrusion of the light metal of a steel-light metal composite blank, wherein the metallic bonding of the composite blank is achieved by coextrusion. The steel component on the bottom face of the light metal shock absorber is provided with a steel ring which is welded or otherwise appropriately joined during or after impact extrusion. Also the light metal sleeve of the shock absorber can, after impact extrusion, be welded or otherwise appropriately joined to light metal.