Abstract: A method includes, in a data storage device, receiving data having a particular proportion of zero values and one values and scrambling the data to generate scrambled data that has the particular proportion of zero values and one values.

Abstract: A termination indication is computed during an iteration of an iterative decoding of a representation of a codeword according to a schedule. The termination indication is tested to see if the decoding has converged or is not likely to converge. The testing of the termination indication shows convergence or lack of likelihood thereof even if a codeword bit estimate was flipped during an immediately preceding traversal of the schedule. Preferably, the termination indication includes an error correction syndrome weight, a zero value whereof indicates convergence, and the computing of the termination indication includes, in response to the flipping of a codeword bit estimate, flipping the error correction syndrome bits that are influenced by that codeword bit estimate.

Abstract: A method includes, in a data storage device, receiving data having a particular proportion of zero values and one values and scrambling the data to generate scrambled data that has the particular proportion of zero values and one values.

Abstract: A termination indication is computed during an iteration of an iterative decoding of a representation of a codeword according to a schedule. The termination indication is tested to see if the decoding has converged or is not likely to converge. The testing of the termination indication shows convergence or lack of likelihood thereof even if a codeword bit estimate was flipped during an immediately preceding traversal of the schedule. Preferably, the termination indication includes an error correction syndrome weight, a zero value whereof indicates convergence, and the computing of the termination indication includes, in response to the flipping of a codeword bit estimate, flipping the error correction syndrome bits that are influenced by that codeword bit estimate.

Abstract: Data stored in memory is decoded using iterative probabilistic decoding and multiple decoders. A first decoder attempts to decode a representation of a codeword. If the attempt is unsuccessful, a second decoder attempts to decode the representation of a codeword. The second decoder may have a lower resolution than the first decoder. Probability values such as logarithmic likelihood ratio (LLR) values may be clipped in the second decoder. This approach can overcome trapping sets while exhibiting low complexity and high performance. Further, it can be implemented on existing decoders such as those used in current memory devices.

Abstract: Holders for portable memory cards and methods for manufacturing such holders are provided. A holder for a portable memory card described herein is configured to attach to a host device such that a portable memory card can travel with a host even when the portable memory card is not being used with the host. A holder for a portable memory card described herein may have a low profile design compatible with host electronic devices of increasingly small form factor, such as mobile phones and portable media players. A holder for a portable memory card may also include a lock for locking a portable memory card in a compartment formed by the memory card holder to prevent accidental removal of the portable memory card from the compartment.

Abstract: A device and method measuring at least one parameter related to the blood of a subject, by emitting light with at least one emitter at least one wavelength within the spectral range of 380 980 nm toward a body part containing at least one wavelength. Spatially resolved reflectance measurements are obtained by capturing light reflected by the body part with at least one reflectance detector. At least one of the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient of the blood component of the body part at each of the wavelengths is extracted from the measurements. The temporal derivatives of the at least one of the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient is extracted, and at least one blood related parameter is calculated using the temporal derivatives.

Abstract: Data stored in memory is decoded using iterative probabilistic decoding and multiple decoders. A first decoder attempts to decode a representation of a codeword. If the attempt is unsuccessful, a second decoder attempts to decode the representation of a codeword. The second decoder may have a lower resolution than the first decoder. Probability values such as logarithmic likelihood ratio (LLR) values may be clipped in the second decoder. This approach can overcome trapping sets while exhibiting low complexity and high performance. Further, it can be implemented on existing decoders such as those used in current memory devices.

Abstract: A device and method measuring at least one parameter related to the blood of a subject, by emitting light with at least one emitter at least one wavelength within the spectral range of 380 980 nm toward a body part containing at least one wavelength. Spatially resolved reflectance measurements are obtained by capturing light reflected by the body part with at least one reflectance detector. At least one of the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient of the blood component of the body part at each of the wavelengths is extracted from the measurements. The temporal derivatives of the at least one of the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient is extracted, and at least one blood related parameter is calculated using the temporal derivatives.