Abstract: An electrically pumped, long-wavelength VCSEL includes a long wavelength active region having electrical contacts on opposed sides thereof. A layer of semiconductor material is included in the active region having an electrically conductive portion defining a lasing aperture and current confinement volume with the conductive portion being limited by an electrically insulating portion. Windows are formed in the electrical contacts in alignment with the lasing aperture and mirror stacks are positioned on the long wavelength active region in each of the windows. At least one of the mirror stacks includes a metamorphic distributed Bragg reflector for heat conduction.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a vertical cavity surface emitting laser comprising the steps of epitaxially growing a first DBR positioned on a substrate wherein the first DBR is epitaxially grown using MOCVD. The substrate is orientated in an off-axis crystallographic direction which increases the radiative efficiency. A first cladding layer is positioned on the first DBR and an active region is epitaxially grown on the first cladding layer wherein the active region is epitaxially grown using plasma assisted MBE. A second DBR is epitaxially grown on the second cladding layer wherein the second DBR is epitaxially grown using MOCVD. The active region is epitaxially grown using plasma assisted MBE to increase the mole fraction of nitrogen (N) incorporation. The DBR's are grown using MOCVD to improve the electrical performance.

Abstract: A surface emitting diode, such as a laser, including an active region positioned between first and second semiconductor layers and extending longitudinally. The active region and at least portions of the first and second semiconductor layers defining first and second facets positioned at opposite ends of the length with the first facet defining a light output for the active region. The active region is adjusted to emit a single mode of light. A reflective element is positioned adjacent to the first facet and at an angle with the first facet for receiving light output from the active region and directing the light perpendicular to the active region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microfluidic device with microchannels that have separated regions which have a member of a specific binding pair member such as DNA or RNA bound to porous polymer, beads or structures fabricated into the microchannel. The microchannels of the invention are fabricated from plastic and are operatively associated with a fluid propelling component and detector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microfluidic device with microchannels that have separated regions which have a member of a specific binding pair member such as DNA or RNA bound to porous polymer, beads or structures fabricated into the microchannel. The microchannels of the invention are fabricated from plastic and are operatively associated with a fluid propelling component and detector.

Abstract: An organic thin film transistor including a gate on a layer of gate insulator material, a source and a drain positioned in spaced apart relationship on a film of organic semiconductor material with uniaxially aligned molecules, the film of organic semiconductor material being positioned so that the molecules are aligned between the source and drain in a direction from the source to the drain, and an orientation film positioned adjacent the film of organic semiconductor material so that molecular uniaxial alignment of the film of organic semiconductor material is achieved by the orientation film.

Abstract: Adjacent first and second transistors are integrated with a substrate. Each of the first and second transistors has a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode and a semiconductive channel formed of an organic material, the semiconductive channel electrically coupling the source electrode with the drain electrode. The source electrode of the first transistor is electrically coupled to the source electrode of the second transistor. A molecular receptor is bound directly to a surface of the semiconductive channel of the first transistor. A non-zero offset voltage, which produces equal channel currents in the semiconductive channels of the first and second transistors after a molecule has bound with the molecular receptor without a like binding event proximate to the second transistor, is sensed between the gate electrodes of the first and second transistors.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a ridge VCSEL having a first stack of mirrors, a second stack of mirrors and an active area sandwiched therebetween, including the steps of depositing a metal layer, an etchable layer and a masking layer on the second stack, removing portions of the masking layer, the etchable layer and the metal layer to form a mask, using the mask to etch the second stack to form a mesa, removing portions of the etchable layer to expose the metal layer, depositing an additional metal layer on the side of the mesa and the exposed portion of the metal layer to define a light emitting area, removing the etchable and masking layers to expose the metal layer in the light emitting area, and removing the exposed portion of the metal layer to expose the light emitting area.

Abstract: A plurality of oligonucleotides are synthesized at a plurality of locations on a substrate using a plurality of dispensing bars. Each of the plurality of dispensing bars has a respective plurality of dispensing heads arranged along a respective axis. Each of the plurality of dispensing bars is operative to selectively deposit a volume of a respective one of a plurality of nucleotide bases in any of a row of locations. A positioning mechanism positions the substrate with respect to the plurality of dispensing bars. A controller controls the plurality of dispensing bars and the positioning mechanism so that, at each of the plurality of locations, a respective sequence of nucleotide bases is deposited to form a respective oligonucleotide.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser semiconductor chip including a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) formed on a substrate, a photodetector, integrated with the vertical cavity surface emitting laser for automatic power control (APC) of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser and a driver circuit, integrated with the vertical cavity surface emitting laser and the photodetector. The VCSEL, photodetector and driver circuit are integrated by utilizing a monolithic polysilicon layer. The driver circuit is characterized as a CMOS driver circuit, capable of receiving feedback from the photodetector and adjusting the output power of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser in response to the feedback, thus achieving APC of the VCSEL.

Abstract: A heterostructure device includes a ridge-waveguide laser monolithically integrated with a ridge-waveguide rear facet monitor (RFM). An integral V-groove etched directly into the device substrate enables passive alignment of an optical fiber to the active region of the laser. The layer and RFM facets were formed using an in-situ multistep reactive ion etch process.

Abstract: A binding of a molecule with a molecular receptor at a binding site is sensed using a magnetoresistive member proximate to the binding site. A magnetic field associated with the molecule acts to modify an electrical characteristic of the magnetoresistive member when the molecule binds with the molecular receptor. The magnetic field is produced by a magnetic member, such as a magnetic bead, attached to the molecule. Preferably, the magnetoresistive member is integrated with a substrate which supports the binding site. A readout device, such as a thin-film transistor, can also be integrated on the substrate to provide a signal indicative of a binding event.

Abstract: An electric field amplified oligonucleotide ligase analysis includes combining a plurality of oligonucleotide probes carried on a support at a binding site with a solution including a target molecule, a plurality of oligonucleotide segments including a marker and ligase. A first electric field surrounding the plurality of oligonucleotide probes is generated to attract the target molecule to a first of the plurality of oligonucleotide probes to which it hybridizes. A first of the plurality of oligonucleotide segments also hybridizes with the target molecule and covalently bonds to the first oligonucleotide probe due to the presence of ligase in the solution. The target molecule is separated by generating a second electric field surrounding the plurality of oligonucleotide probes. The generation of the electric fields are alternately repeated to amplify the hybridization signal.

Abstract: A method of photoelectro-manipulation of target molecules including providing a photoconductive layer of material having a first and a second electrically conductive contact on a first surface thereof and a probe on an opposed second surface. A solution containing target molecules is positioned in electrical contact with the probe. A positive potential is connected between the solution and the first electrically conductive contact and a negative potential is connected between the solution and the second electrically conductive contact. A beam of light is directed through a portion of the photoconductive layer of material to complete an electrical circuit between one of the first and the second electrically conductive contacts and the solution, whereby target molecules in the solution are attracted to or repelled from the probe which is coupled into the electrical circuit by the beam of light.

Abstract: A method of measuring electrical characteristics of a molecule including providing a first metal contact having a major surface, an insulating layer overlying the major surface of the first metal contact and a second metal contact overlying the insulating layer so as to have an edge spaced a molecular distance from the major surface of the first metal contact. A conductive organic molecule including a metal binding group is coupled between the metal contacts.

Abstract: A molecular detection apparatus including an electrode, a peptide nucleic acid probe covalently bonded to the electrode and a protective layer covering portions of the electrode not having attached probes which prevents oxidation/reduction of intercalator molecules.

Abstract: A light emitting diode display package and method of fabricating a light emitting diode (LED) display package including a LED array display chip, fabricated of an array of LEDs, formed on a substrate, having connection pads positioned about the perimeter of the LED array display chip, a separate silicon driver chip having connection pads routed to an uppermost surface, positioned to cooperatively engage those of the display chip when properly registered and interconnected using wafer level processing technology. The display chip being flip chip mounted to the driver chip and having a layer of interchip bonding dielectric positioned between the space defined by the display chip and the driver chip. The LED display and driver chip package subsequently having selectively removed the substrate onto which the LED array was initially formed, thereby exposing the connection pads of the display chip and a remaining indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide (InGaAlP) epilayer.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device is composed of a body of small molecule organic material(s) sandwiched between a first and a second electrode, wherein a layer of first insulative material is placed between the body of small molecule organic material(s) and the first electrode, and an optional layer of second insulative material is placed between the body of small molecule organic material(s) and the second electrode. The layer of first insulative material has a thickness which allows first carriers from the first electrode to tunnel therethrough and the second insulative material has a thickness which allows second carriers from the second electrode to tunnel therethrough. Further, the layer of first insulative material provides a barrier to the second carriers and the layer of second insulative material provides a barrier to the first carriers.

Abstract: A target molecule at a binding site is detected using an optical waveguide having a surface proximate to the binding site, and a waveguide detector coupled to the optical waveguide. An incident light beam is applied to the binding site along an axis transverse to the surface of the optical waveguide. The incident light beam impinges an optical indicator associated with the target molecule to form secondary light which is coupled into the optical waveguide. The secondary light is detected by the waveguide detector to thereby detect the target molecule.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a monolithically integrated LED array and driving circuitry includes sequentially forming overlying layers of material on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, the layers cooperating to emit light when activated. An insulating layer is formed on the layers and the layers are isolated into an array area and driver circuitry areas with row and column dividers dividing the array area into an array of LEDs arranged in rows and columns. Row and column driver circuits are formed on the insulating layer in the driver circuitry areas and row and column buses individually couple each LED in the array to row and column driver circuits.