Abstract: A method of decoloring an ionic liquid includes preparing a discolored ionic liquid, and decoloring the discolored ionic liquid through irradiation with UV rays. An ionic liquid that is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification is decolored and can thus be reused. The method of decoloring the ionic liquid is effective because an ionic liquid, which is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification, can be decolored in a simple manner and also because an ionic liquid, which is discolored and is thus difficult to apply to the purification of an organic material, can be decolored in a simple manner, and can thus be reused in the form of a high-purity ionic liquid.

Abstract: A structure for integrating a field-effect transistor (FET) and a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is provided. The structure includes: a substrate; a first epitaxial structure located on the substrate, having a part of the HBT; and a second epitaxial structure located on the first epitaxial structure, having a part of the FET.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes providing a substrate including a cell region including a bit line structure, a bit line spacer and a lower electrode and a peripheral circuit region including first to third impurity regions, forming an interlayer insulating film on the peripheral circuit region, forming a first metal layer on the interlayer insulating film, forming a first trench and a second trench in the first metal layer between the first and second impurity regions, the second trench is disposed between the second and third impurity regions and exposes the interlayer insulating film, forming a first capping pattern on the first trench to form an air gap in the first trench, filling the second trench with a first insulating material, and forming, on the first metal layer, a contact connected to the third impurity region.

Abstract: A method of decoloring an ionic liquid includes preparing a discolored ionic liquid, and decoloring the discolored ionic liquid through irradiation with UV rays. An ionic liquid that is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification is decolored and can thus be reused. The method of decoloring the ionic liquid is effective because an ionic liquid, which is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification, can be decolored in a simple manner and also because an ionic liquid, which is discolored and is thus difficult to apply to the purification of an organic material, can be decolored in a simple manner, and can thus be reused in the form of a high-purity ionic liquid.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle including a feeling-effect showing device is provided. The feeling-effect showing device is adapted for showing a feeling effect such as a visual effect and/or an audio effect. In addition, a method of using a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles to show a feeling effect is also provided.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes providing a substrate including a cell region including a bit line structure, a bit line spacer and a lower electrode and a peripheral circuit region including first to third impurity regions, forming an interlayer insulating film on the peripheral circuit region, forming a first metal layer on the interlayer insulating film, forming a first trench and a second trench in the first metal layer between the first and second impurity regions, the second trench is disposed between the second and third impurity regions and exposes the interlayer insulating film, forming a first capping pattern on the first trench to form an air gap in the first trench, filling the second trench with a first insulating material, and forming, on the first metal layer, a contact connected to the third impurity region.

Abstract: The creation provides a mobile electronic device adapted for being connected to a server through a network. The mobile electronic device includes a lens, a wireless communication unit, a storing unit and a processing unit. The lens is adapted for taking a static picture. The wireless communication unit is adapted for being connected to the server through the network. The storing unit stores an object-identifying application. The processing unit is adapted for executing the object-identifying application. The object-identifying application analyzes and identifies the static picture by means of a database stored in the server. At least one related information of at least one identified object in the static picture is forwarded from the server back to the mobile electronic device.

Abstract: In a method for recovering a partition using backup boot record information, an unallocated area is separated from a disk or an evidence image. The unallocated area is searched for a location of a backup boot record. Whether is backup boot record of a file system to be detected is present in found sectors is analyzed. If the backup boot record is found to be the backup boot record of the file system desired to be detected as a result of the analysis, it is verified whether the backup boot record is a boot record of a valid partition. If it is verified that the backup boot record is the boot record of the valid partition, a file system of a deleted partition is parsed using the backup boot record and a deleted directory or file is recovered.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus includes an interface to detect a touch input, to detect a touch region corresponding to the touch input, and to identify an object that is overlapped by the touch input by at least a reference percentage in the touch region as a first object; a processing unit to generate a second object based on the first object, and to display the second object in an untouched region; and a control unit to execute an operation corresponding to the second object. A method for executing an operation according to a touch input includes detecting a touch input and a corresponding touch region; identifying an object overlapped by at least a reference percentage in the touch region as a first object; generating a second object based on the first object; displaying the second object in an untouched region; and executing an operation corresponding to the second object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polarization-insensitive optical filter centered on a wavelength measured in vacuum, comprising: first and second waveguides each having a propagation mode; a first grating formed in or on the surface of the first waveguide, the first grating being periodical at least along a first axis Ox defining a first orthonormal base Oxyz; a second grating formed in or on the surface of the second waveguide, the second grating being periodical at least along a second axis Ox? defining a second orthonormal base Ox?y?z; wherein the first and second grating are provided one above another and are such that the first axis Ox and the second axis Ox? define an angle ? different from ±?/2 radians so that, when the first grating is illuminated by a light beam, the propagation modes are excited and have orthogonal fields for an angle of incidence of the light beam.

Abstract: Methods of forming patterns of a semiconductor device are provided. The methods may include forming a hard mask film on a semiconductor substrate. The methods may include forming first and second sacrificial film patterns that are spaced apart from each other on the hard mask film. The methods may include forming a first spacer on opposing sidewalls of the first sacrificial film pattern and a second spacer on opposing sidewalls of the second sacrificial film pattern. The methods may include removing the first and second sacrificial film patterns. The methods may include trimming the second spacer such that a line width of the second spacer becomes smaller than a line width of the first spacer. The methods may include forming first and second hard mask film patterns by etching the hard mask film using the first spacer and the trimmed second spacer as an etch mask.

Abstract: Methods of forming patterns of a semiconductor device are provided. The methods may include forming a hard mask film on a semiconductor substrate. The methods may include forming first and second sacrificial film patterns that are spaced apart from each other on the hard mask film. The methods may include forming a first spacer on opposing sidewalls of the first sacrificial film pattern and a second spacer on opposing sidewalls of the second sacrificial film pattern. The methods may include removing the first and second sacrificial film patterns. The methods may include trimming the second spacer such that a line width of the second spacer becomes smaller than a line width of the first spacer. The methods may include forming first and second hard mask film patterns by etching the hard mask film using the first spacer and the trimmed second spacer as an etch mask.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for collecting evidence are provided. An exemplary embodiment enhances accuracy and efficiency of collecting evidence by analyzing link information in the target computer and collecting collection target file. And the exemplary embodiment can collect evidence from a target computer as well as from a remote computer through analyzing the link information in the target computer, identifying the path of collection target file and extracting the target file.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, a first etching mask and a second etching mask are formed sequentially on a metal gate structure on a substrate and a first insulating interlayer covering a sidewall of the metal gate structure respectively. An opening is formed to expose a top surface of the substrate by removing a portion of the first insulating interlayer not overlapped with the first etching mask or the second etching mask. A metal silicide pattern is formed on the exposed top surface of the substrate. A plug on the metal silicide pattern is formed to fill a remaining portion of the opening. Further, a planarization layer may be used as the second etching mask.

Abstract: In a method for recovering a partition using backup boot record information, an unallocated area is separated from a disk or an evidence image. The unallocated area is searched for a location of a backup boot record. Whether is backup boot record of a file system to be detected is present in found sectors is analyzed. If the backup boot record is found to be the backup boot record of the file system desired to be detected as a result of the analysis, it is verified whether the backup boot record is a boot record of a valid partition. If it is verified that the backup boot record is the boot record of the valid partition, a file system of a deleted partition is parsed using the backup boot record and a deleted directory or file is recovered.

Abstract: A flat panel display with a black matrix and a fabrication method of the same. The flat panel display has an insulating substrate at the upper part of which a pixel electrode is equipped; an opaque conductive film formed on the front surface of the insulating substrate except at the pixel electrode; an insulating film equipped with a contact hole exposing a portion of the opaque conductive film; and a thin film transistor equipped with a gate electrode, and conductive patterns for source/drain electrodes connected to the opaque conductive film through the contact hole.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polarization-insensitive optical filter centered on a wavelength (?0) measured in vacuum, comprising: first and second waveguides each having a propagation mode; a first grating formed in or on the surface of the first waveguide, the first grating being periodical at least along a first axis Ox defining a first orthonormal base Oxyz; a second grating formed in or on the surface of the second waveguide, the second grating being periodical at least along a second axis Oxy? defining a second orthonormal base Ox?y?z; wherein the first and second grating are provided above each other and are such that the first axis Ox and the second axis Ox? define an angle ? different from ±?/2 radians so that, when the first grating is illuminated by a light beam, the first and second propagation modes are excited and have orthogonal fields for a predetermined angle of incidence of the light beam.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a plurality of gate structures including a metal on a substrate having an isolation layer, forming first insulating interlayer patterns covering sidewalls of the gate structures, forming first capping layer patterns and a second capping layer pattern on the gate structures and the first insulating interlayer patterns, the first capping layer patterns covering upper faces of the gate structures, and the second capping layer pattern overlapping the isolation layer, partially removing the first insulating interlayer patterns using the first and the second capping layer patterns as etching masks to form first openings that expose portions of the substrate, forming metal silicide patterns on the portions of the substrate exposed in the forming of the first openings, and forming conductive structures on the metal silicide patterns.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus includes an interface to detect a touch input, to detect a touch region corresponding to the touch input, and to identify an object that is overlapped by the touch input by at least a reference percentage in the touch region as a first object; a processing unit to generate a second object based on the first object, and to display the second object in an untouched region; and a control unit to execute an operation corresponding to the second object. A method for executing an operation according to a touch input includes detecting a touch input and a corresponding touch region; identifying an object overlapped by at least a reference percentage in the touch region as a first object; generating a second object based on the first object; displaying the second object in an untouched region; and executing an operation corresponding to the second object.

Abstract: A photodiode device and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. The photodiode device comprises a light absorption layer defining a light-facing side and a back-light side; a via passing through the absorption layer, the via defining a side wall and a bottom surface; a conformal isolation layer covering the side wall and the bottom surface; a first patterned conductive layer disposed on the back-light side, the first patterned conductive layer having a first portion covering a first portion of the conformation isolation layer; a second patterned conductive layer disposed on the light-facing side of the absorption layer; and an opening through the conformal isolation layer, wherein the opening is filled with the second patterned conductive layer such that the second patterned conductive layer is connected with the first portion of the first patterned conductive layer.