Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for priority handling for ProSe Communications. A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may act as a relay between the network and the remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive a temporary mobile group identity (TMGI) request message from a remote WTRU. The TMGI request message may include a TMGI, a ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI, etc. The relay WTRU may receive an evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) data packet from a network. The eMBMS may be associated with the TMGI. The relay WTRU may apply the received ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI to the received eMBMS data packet. The relay WTRU may relay the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU based on the ProSe per packet priority level. The relay WTRU may forward the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU via a PC5 interface.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may establish one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions via a radio access network (RAN) node. The WTRU may transition to an inactive state. The WTRU may send a connection resume message to a RAN node that indicates a request to resume the established plurality of PDU sessions via the RAN node. The WTRU may receive a message from the RAN node. For example, the RAN node may send a message indicating a subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available upon resuming a connection with the RAN node. The WTRU may deactivate at least one established PDU session of the plurality of PDU sessions based on the received message from the RAN node that indicates at least one established PDU session not being included in the subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for redirecting a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to a dedicated core network (CN) node are described. An apparatus is configured to initiate a Service Request with a non-dedicated network node. The apparatus is configured to receive a special identifier in response to the Service Request, which indicates the apparatus should be redirected to a dedicated CN node based on subscription information. Radio access network resources associated with the apparatus may be released and the apparatus may then perform a tracking area update (TAU) request which is then forwarded to the dedicated CN node.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of cell processing is disclosed, which includes disposing a plurality of cells on a substrate across which a plurality of projections are distributed and an electrically conductive layer at least partially coating said projections, exposing the cells to a cargo to be internalized by the cells, irradiating the substrate surface (and in particular the projections) with one or more laser pulses having a pulse width in a range of about 1 ns to about 1000 ns so as to facilitate uptake of the cargo by at least a portion of the cells (e.g., the cells positioned in the vicinity of the projections (e.g., within hundreds of nanometer (such as less than 100 nm) of the projections)). In some embodiments, the laser pulses have a pulse width in a range of about 10 ns to about 500 ns, e.g., in a range of about 5 ns to about 50 ns.

Abstract: A communication method implemented on a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) communication network includes providing an attachment between a group member of a communication group and a group application server, detecting a detachment between the group member and the group application server, and reestablishing the attachment by the 3GPP communication network. A Mobility Management Entity (MME) may provide the attachment. A Group Communication Service Enabler Application Server (GCSE AS) or a Multipoint Service (MuSe) functionality may detect the detachment. The attachment may be reestablished according to the MuSe functionality. A group communication bearer may have a first priority level for allocating resources to the group communication bearer, and a second priority level for allocating resources to the non-group communication bearer. The second priority level may be different from the first priority level.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for priority handling for ProSe Communications. A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may act as a relay between the network and the remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive a temporary mobile group identity (TMGI) request message from a remote WTRU. The TMGI request message may include a TMGI, a ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI, etc. The relay WTRU may receive an evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) data packet from a network. The eMBMS may be associated with the TMGI. The relay WTRU may apply the received ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI to the received eMBMS data packet. The relay WTRU may relay the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU based on the ProSe per packet priority level. The relay WTRU may forward the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU via a PC5 interface.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to receive at least three sets of parameters associated with power saving. A first set of the parameters is associated with an idle state. A second set of the parameters is associated with a connected state. A third set of the parameters is associated with not being in a connected state and remains registered with a network and maintains a packet data network (PDN) connection. The WTRU is configured to enter active times based on the third set of parameters on a condition that the WTRU is not in the connected state and remains registered with the network. During the active times, the WTRU is configured to monitor physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) for paging messages.

Abstract: A network control node (Main CTRL or CTRL N) may receive a service request by a WTRU, wherein the service information comprises one or more of a service class, a quality of service (QoS) requirement, or a mobility characteristic. The network control node may determine slice information associated with a plurality of network slices and may select at least a first network slice to serve the WTRU. The network control node may determine whether the network control node or another network control node should service the WTRU for accessing the first network slice. When the network control node determines that the another network control node should service the WTRU for accessing the first network slice, the network control node may send a request to the another network control node that indicates that the another network control node should service the WTRU for accessing the first network slice.

Abstract: Techniques and devices are disclosed for efficient offloading and/or aggregation of resources by providing different levels of connection management in a network. A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may support additional ECM and/or RRC states (e.g. inactive states) and/or transitions that may enable a WTRU to act without an RRC connection and/or with reduced latency. A WTRU may operate with network resources with and/or without radio resources. A WTRU may operate in parallel with a plurality of layers, including a primary layer for which the WTRU may behave according to LTE or other behavior. The WTRU may be configured for operation in a secondary layer. The WTRU may establish a secondary layer security context and/or a tunnel or routing for the secondary layer for transport of user plane data between the WTRU and a gateway. The WTRU may determine to which layer uplink data may be applicable.

Abstract: A network may implement a method to support a mobility of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The network or network functions may identify the WTRU that is associated with one or more capabilities and one or more mobility properties. The network or network functions may determine subscription information and network policy information for the WTRU. The network or network functions may select a mobility pattern for the WTRU based on the one or more capabilities and the one or more mobility properties associated with the WTRU, the subscription information, and the network policy information. The mobility pattern may be associated with a mobility parameter and a value corresponding to the mobility parameter.

Abstract: Small cell enhancement for dual connectivity operation and/or the impact of such enhancement for the support of the example LIPA/SIPTO architecture may be useful. The L-GW shown could be a collocated L-GW (e.g., with S-GW not shown) and/or a standalone L-GW with S-GW capabilities. Embodiments recognize the scenario of the SIPTO above RAN and/or SIPTO at local network, perhaps with standalone combined gateway. Embodiments contemplate that it may be useful to provide support of/for LIPA/SIPTO at a local network with a collocated gateway in a dual connectivity mode, among other scenarios. Embodiments also contemplate the usefulness for providing the capability of supporting the dual connectivity operation in multiple scenarios.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described for IP flow mobility. A WTRU may receive a trigger for initiating IFOM and/or create one or more routing rules. The WTRU may send the routing rules to a Trusted WLAN Access Network (TWAN) using signaling. A TWAN may receive routing rules from a WTRU using signaling. The TWAN may send the routing rules to a PDN gateway. The routing rules may be sent to the gateway using an S2a reference point. A TWAN may receive one or more routing rules from a PDN gateway. The TWAN may send the routing rules to a WTRU using signaling. The signaling may be one or more of: EAP signaling, Layer-3 (L3) signaling, WLCP signaling, IEEE 802.11 signaling, Non Access Stratum (NAS) signaling, and/or Layer-2 (L2) signaling.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of cell processing is disclosed, which includes disposing a plurality of cells on a substrate across which a plurality of projections are distributed and an electrically conductive layer at least partially coating said projections, exposing the cells to a cargo to be internalized by the cells, irradiating the substrate surface (and in particular the projections) with one or more laser pulses having a pulse width in a range of about 1 ns to about 1000 ns so as to facilitate uptake of the cargo by at least a portion of the cells (e.g., the cells positioned in the vicinity of the projections (e.g., within hundreds of nanometer (such as less than 100 nm) of the projections)). In some embodiments, the laser pulses have a pulse width in a range of about 10 ns to about 500 ns, e.g., in a range of about 5 ns to about 50 ns.

Abstract: A communication method implemented on a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) communication network includes providing an attachment between a group member of a communication group and a group application server, detecting a detachment between the group member and the group application server, and reestablishing the attachment by the 3GPP communication network. A Mobility Management Entity (MME) may provide the attachment. A Group Communication Service Enabler Application Server (GCSE AS) or a Multipoint Service (MuSe) functionality may detect the detachment. The attachment may be reestablished according to the MuSe functionality. A group communication bearer may have a first priority level for allocating resources to the group communication bearer, and a second priority level for allocating resources to the non-group communication bearer. The second priority level may be different from the first priority level.

Abstract: Techniques and devices are disclosed for efficient offloading and/or aggregation of resources by providing different levels of connection management in a network. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may support additional ECM and/or RRC states (e.g. inactive states) and/or transitions that may enable a WTRU to act without an RRC connection and/or with reduced latency. A WTRU may operate with network resources with and/or without radio resources. A WTRU may operate in parallel with a plurality of layers, including a primary layer for which the WTRU may behave according to LTE or other behavior. The WTRU may be configured for operation in a secondary layer. The WTRU may establish a secondary layer security context and/or a tunnel or routing for the secondary layer for transport of user plane data between the WTRU and a gateway. The WTRU may determine to which layer uplink data may be applicable.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for machine type communication (MTC) authentication and triggering may be performed by an MTC interworking function (MTC-IWF). On a condition an Internet protocol (IP) connection does not exist between a services capability server (SCS) and an MTC device, a device trigger message may be received by the MTC device over a Tsp interface. The device trigger message may include a cryptographic key and may have an associated level of urgency. The method may further comprise determining a level of network congestion and transmitting the device trigger, including the received cryptographic key, to the MTC device in accordance with the associated level of urgency. A report may be sent to the SCS, associated with the determined level of network congestion, to indicate either success or failure of the device triggering procedure. The received cryptographic key may be used to secure an IP connection.

Abstract: Current wireless networks do not allow machine type communication (MTC) devices to have long discontinuous reception (DRX) cycles or sleep lengths. A long DRX cycle may allow MTC systems and devices to operate with much longer DRX/Sleep cycles/periods. This may facilitate the MTC operations for infrequent system access or infrequent system reaching (e.g. paged once in a week) with no or low mobility and may allow MTC devices to sleep for a long time with low power consumption.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus may be used for selecting power saving mechanisms in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). For example, a WTRU may support at least power saving mode (PSM) and/or extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) mode. The WTRU may send a request message including parameters associated with the supported power saving mechanisms, such as an active time for PSM and a preferred DRX value for eDRX mode. The WTRU may receive an accept message including at least one selected parameter indicating the power saving mechanism for the WTRU selected by the network (NW). The WTRU may activate the selected power saving mechanism, and may start a validity timer to define the duration of use of the selected power saving mechanism. In another example, a WTRU configured to use eDRX may receive paging signals for system information (SI) change over a prolonged Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) modification period.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for bearer management in a wireless network using virtual bearers. Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are also disclosed for managing conflicts between an eNB decision to offload a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to a WLAN and an ANDSF policy. Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are also disclosed for minimization of drive tests (MDT) for WLAN or during an offload to WLAN. Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are also disclosed for signaling capabilities of a WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for redirecting a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to a dedicated core network (CN) node are described. An apparatus is configured to initiate a Service Request with a non-dedicated network node. The apparatus is configured to receive a special identifier in response to the Service Request, which indicates the apparatus should be redirected to a dedicated CN node based on subscription information. Radio access network resources associated with the apparatus may be released and the apparatus may then perform a tracking area update (TAU) request which is then forwarded to the dedicated CN node.