Abstract: There is provided an error rate select circuit activated in an information sustaining mode, wherein data is read out from a memory circuit comprising dynamic memory cells and inspection bits for detection and correction of an error. If no error is detected, a first detection signal is accumulated in a first direction, that is, the first detection signal is added to a sum. If an error is detected, a second detection signal is accumulated in a second direction, that is, the second direction signal is multiplied by a weight to produce a product before subtracting the product from the sum. If the sum increases in the first direction, exceeding a predetermined value, the refresh period is lengthened by a predetermined incremental time. If the sum decreases in the second direction, becoming smaller than another predetermined value, the refresh period is shortened by a predetermined decremental time.

Abstract: A light source device has a light shielding member having an aperture, a light source arranged on one side of the light shielding member, and a converging member arranged relatively with respect to the light source and the light source to thereby converge light emitted from the light source in the aperture or in a vicinity of the aperture. Another type of light source device has a single light source, and a converging member for converging light from the light source to thereby distribute the light to at least two points. Still another type of light source device has a light source, and a reflecting mirror arranged to enclose a side of a light emission direction of the light source, the reflecting mirror reflecting light emitted from the light source in a direction except the light source so that the light is radiated outside.

Abstract: An address-counter control system includes a counter circuit, path switches, and a control circuit. The counter circuit includes a first series of address counters which corresponds to a non-contiguous region portion and second and third series of address counters which correspond to respective contiguous region portions and which are located at two opposite ends of the first series of address counters. The path switches are provided at connection paths between the second and the third series of address counters. The path switches disconnect the first series of address counters and directly connect the second and third series of address counters or disconnect the direct connection between the second and third series of address counters and connect the first series of address counters to and between the second and the third series of address counters. The control circuit control the path switches.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting an inverter against over current is constructed of a plurality of switching devices connected between the positive and negative terminals of a DC power source. The apparatus has a plurality of detecting devices that convert the currents passing through the plurality of switching devices into voltages and generate detection outputs, a plurality of amplifier circuits, a plurality of comparing devices that supply the detection outputs of the detecting devices to the amplifier circuits and generate an abnormality output if an absolute value of a detection output exceeds a predetermined value, and a protecting device that interrupts the drive of all switching devices if any of the comparing devices issues an abnormality output.

Abstract: A light source device has a light shielding member having an aperture, a light source arranged on one side of the light shielding member, and a converging member arranged relatively with respect to the light source and the light source to thereby converge light emitted from the light source in the aperture or in a vicinity of the aperture. Another type of light source device has a single light source, and a converging member for converging light from the light source to thereby distribute the light to at least two points. Still another type of light source device has a light source, and a reflecting mirror arranged to enclose a side of a light emission direction of the light source, the reflecting mirror reflecting light emitted from the light source in a direction except the light source so that the light is radiated outside.

Abstract: A light-emitting element has a light-emitting layer and at lease one light-extracting portion. At least a partial part of the light-extracting portion is formed into a concave or convex surface for enhancing the efficiency of extracting light. Another light-emitting element has a light-emitting layer and a concave or convex surface for reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting layer toward one or more other surfaces of the light-emitting element through an inside of the light-emitting element.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting an inverter constructed of a plurality of switching devices connected between an anode and a cathode of a DC power source allows secure protection of the inverter against overcurrent to be achieved at lower cost. The apparatus is provided with a plurality of detecting devices that convert the currents passing through the plurality of switching devices into voltages and generate detection outputs, a plurality of amplifier circuits, a plurality of comparing devices that supply the detection outputs of the detecting devices to the amplifier circuits and generate an abnormality output if an absolute value of a detection output exceeds a predetermined value, and a protecting device that interrupts the drive of all switching devices if any of the comparing devices issues an abnormality output.

Abstract: A controlling device of a compressor is provided. A noise filter is arranged at an input of the inverter circuit that converts the commercial frequency to a driving frequency to control a motor driving a compressor mechanism, for suppressing a common mode noise of the commercial power source and the inverter circuit, and is connected to a ground through a metal frame used for receiving a compressor main body. The noise filter comprises coils connected between first capacitors and second capacitors that are connected in series between the AC power lines, and further comprises a clamper connected between nodes of the second capacitors and the metal frame for clamping a voltage and a third capacitor connected to the clamper in parallel. even though the new refrigerant, such as R410A, and the three-phase AC power source are used, the leakage current can be reduced by a simple structure and the increase of the noise terminal voltage can be also suppressed.

Abstract: Irregularities are formed on at least a side surface of a light emitting layer of a light emitting element. In one form of the invention, an n-type layer which is a Group-III nitride compound semiconductor or the like, a light emitting layer, and a p-type layer are successively formed on a sapphire substrate through MOVPE or the like. Then, dry etching is carried out to expose the n-type layer to form a pedestal electrode. In this etching process, an etching pattern is employed to form a wave shape on the periphery of the p-type layer.

Abstract: A method for controlling power for a semiconductor storage device and the semiconductor storage device are provided which enable power consumption to be greatly reduced in a standby state. The power control method uses an ultra-low power consumption mode in which power control can be exerted in the standby state. In the ultra-low power consumption mode, a burst self-refresh state, power-OFF state, and power-ON state are provided. In the burst self-refresh state, memory cells are refreshed in a centralized manner. In the power-OFF state, an internal power source circuit can be partially turned OFF. In the power-ON state, internal power sources having been partially turned OFF are turned ON. Therefore, it is possible to greatly reduce power consumption in the standby state.

Abstract: A motor apparatus, such as a DC brushless motor, is provided for the obtaining a position detection signal by detecting the intersection of the divided voltage of a bus voltage and three phases of the divided voltage of the three phases by a comparator which results in the central position of a flat portion. For the divided voltage for the three phases of the respective positive terminal of the comparator, the comparison voltage obtained by dividing the voltage between the divided voltage for the three phases of the following phase in the order and the divided voltage of the bus voltage is applied to the respective negative terminal. As the comparison voltage is phase shifted, the position can be detected by making a slant position ahead of the flat point of the intersection.

Abstract: In an LED device, an opening portion of a package in which a plurality of five light-emitting elements are mounted is filled with a transparent epoxy resin and sealed with the resin. The transparent epoxy resin is shrunk when cured. Hence, the surface of the transparent epoxy resin is dented in the center portion so that the outer edge portion becomes higher than the center portion. The light-emitting elements located at opposite ends are the highest in element height among the five light-emitting elements. Hence, when the light-emitting elements are mounted at opposite ends of a single row, distances from light-emitting surfaces of the five light-emitting elements to the surface of the transparent epoxy resin are made uniform and luminous intensity distribution characteristics thereof are made uniform. Tips of leads are further bent up along side surfaces of the package.

Abstract: A freon compressor comprises a compressor device and an electromotor device. The electromotor device is used for driving the compressor device and consists of a stator and a rotor rotating within the stator. The stator further consists of a stator core and stator windings wired on the stator core, and a three-phase sine alternating current waveform is applied to the stator windings. Therefore, the magnetic lines of force of the electromotor device are stabilized in space and time and noise is significantly reduced.

Abstract: In an LED lamp, a Zener diode is mounted on a copper plate, and a GaN-based light-emitting element is mounted on the Zener diode with an electrode of the element being oriented facedown. Two Zener diodes close to the center of the LED lamp are mounted on a common copper plate, thereby interconnecting the two light-emitting elements in series. Consequently, a Zener diode is connected to the respective two Zener diodes by means of a wire serving as a conductive member. Four light-emitting elements are connected in series, so that four light-emitting elements are connected in series, thus completing a circuit configuration. In this way, use of the Zener diodes for interconnection purpose enables a reduction in the number of minimum required wires. It is better to connect the wire to the upper surfaces of the Zener diodes, thereby obviating a necessity for a redundant wire space and enabling miniaturization of the LED lamp.

Abstract: A light emitting diode has a substrate having a heat radiation conductive member therein, and a light emitting element mounted on the substrate. At least a part of the light emitting element is directly brought into contact and electrically connected with the heat radiation conductive member.

Abstract: A light source in a backlight portion is composed of red LEDs, green LEDs, and blue LEDs. The numbers of respective kinds of LEDs used are selected so that the number of blue LEDs is not smaller than the number of red LEDs and the number of blue LEDs is not smaller than the number of green LEDs.

Abstract: A blank oscillator 300′ is prepared for each office, and control data is written into this blank oscillator 300′, thereby manufacturing an oscillator 300. Upon receiving an order from a user terminal 10, a business center server 100 selects the most suitable office for the delivery of the oscillator and sends the data to the office. A data writing apparatus 200 installed in this office generates control data based on the data, and writes the control data into the blank oscillator 300′, thereby manufacturing the oscillator 300.

Abstract: A light source device has a light shielding member having an aperture, a light source arranged on one side of the light shielding member, and a converging member arranged relatively with respect to the light source and the light source to thereby converge light emitted from the light source in the aperture or in a vicinity of the aperture. Another type of light source device has a single light source, and a converging member for converging light from the light source to thereby distribute the light to at least two points. Still another type of light source device has a light source, and a reflecting mirror arranged to enclose a side of a light emission direction of thelightsource, the reflecting mirror reflecting light emitted from the light source in a direction except the light source so that the light is radiated outside.

Abstract: There is provided an error rate select circuit activated in an information sustaining mode, wherein a plurality of pieces of data is read out from a memory circuit comprising dynamic memory cells and inspection bits for detection and correction of an error existing in the pieces of data are generated. The inspection bits are stored in an additional memory circuit. An ECC circuit reads out the pieces of data from the memory circuit and the inspection bits associated with the pieces of data from the additional memory circuit to detect and correct an error existing in the pieces of data at fixed refresh intervals. If no error is detected, a first detection signal is accumulated in a first direction, that is, the first detection signal is added to a sum.

Abstract: Separate leads and a common lead are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of a substrate. A plurality of LED elements are disposed in an array on the common lead on the upper surface of the substrate. The common lead provided on the upper surface of the substrate is connected to the common lead provided on the lower surface of the substrate through through-hole plating. Heat generated from the plurality of LED elements is transferred through the common lead provided on the upper surface of the substrate and the through-hole plating to the common lead provided on the lower surface of the substrate and is released therefrom into the air. By virtue of this construction, an light emitting device can be realized in which heat radiating properties are homogenized, heat radiation efficiency is improved, and a compact structure is obtained and, thus, the color balance is improved and unfavorable phenomena such as lowering in the output of light emitting elements and shortening of the service life are avoided.