Abstract: A data packet transmission method includes receiving, by a first network element, a first data packet of a first service from an application server. The method also includes determining, by the first network element, first sequence information of a second data packet. The second data packet is a to-be-discarded data packet of the first service. The first sequence information indicates a sequence of the second data packet. The method further includes determining, by the first network element, a third data packet. The third data packet includes the first sequence information. The method additionally includes sending, by the first network element, the third data packet to a terminal device.

Abstract: A service packet transmission method and apparatus, the method including receiving, by the source mobile edge computing network element, after a source mobile edge computing network element receives a second uplink service packet, a first uplink service packet sent by a source user plane network element and that is from a target user plane network element, where the second uplink service packet is the last uplink service packet sent by the source mobile edge computing network element to a source application server, sending, by the source mobile edge computing network element, the first uplink service packet to a target mobile edge computing network element, and sending, by the source mobile edge computing network element, first indication information to the target mobile edge computing network element, the first indication information indicating that the sending of the first uplink service packet by the source mobile edge computing network element ends.

Abstract: A communication method includes sending, by a source mobility management network element in a first area, a first slice set for a home public land mobile network (PLMN) (HPLMN) of a terminal device to a target mobility management network element in a second area when handing over the terminal device from a source access network device in the first area to a target access network device in the second area, where the first slice set corresponds to a second slice set for the first area, and obtaining, by the target mobility management network element, a third slice set for the second area based on the first slice set.

Abstract: A binocular scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) is used to track the fixational eye movement of each of the eyes of a subject. The binocular SLO may include right eye optics for imaging a portion of the retina of the right eye and left eye optics for imaging a portion of the retina of the left eye. Shifts in the imaged portion of the retina with respect to a reference image of the retina may be used to measure and track eye movement. The right eye optics and left eye optics may be separate imaging paths, each with its own bi-directional MEMS scanning mirror and Keplerian telescope. The use of the MEMS scanning mirrors minimizes the size and weight of the binocular SLO.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to network slice access control methods. One example method includes receiving, by an access and mobility management function network element, first information from a session management function network element, where the first information is associated with an authentication failure of a network slice, and sending, by the access and mobility management function network element, second information to a terminal device based on the first information, where the second information is used to reject access of the terminal device to the network slice.

Abstract: This application provides methods and communication apparatus for transmitting a data packet of a media stream. The method can include an access network element receiving M data packets of a media stream from a user plane network element. When a network resource of the access network element cannot satisfy a transmission requirement of a terminal device, the access network element drops N data packets with lower priorities in the M data packets, where N?M. The access network element sends, to the terminal device, a data packet that is not dropped and sequence numbers that represent sending sequences of the data packets and that are carried in the N data packets, and receives, from the terminal device, an ACK feedback for the sequence numbers carried in the N data packets. In the solutions discussed herein, video playback experience on a user side can be substantially ensured.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium. First request information is received from a terminal device, where the first request information includes first application identification information. Second information is determined based on the first application identification information and first information obtained from a session management function network element, where the second information includes extended mechanisms for DNS client subnet option or address information of a local DNS resolver. DNS request information is sent to a central DNS server or the local DNS resolver based on the second information, where the DNS request information includes the first application identification information, and the DNS request information is usable to obtain address information of an application server.

Abstract: A local network accessing method and apparatus are provided. The local network accessing method comprises sending a trigger message to a terminal, the trigger message is for triggering the terminal to establish a session, receiving a first message from the terminal, the first message requesting to establish a first session, and the first session is for the terminal to access a target local network, determining a target network access identifier based on the first message, the target network access identifier indicating the target local network, determining a first session management function network element based on the target network access identifier, and sending the target network access identifier to the first session management function network element, the target network access identifier is for the first session management function network element to determine a target user plane function network element.

Abstract: In a re-allocation process of a first user plane function network element to a second user plane function network element, a session management function network element sends a respective session modification request to each anchor user plane function network element of a plurality of anchor user plane function network elements, where each session modification request includes information about the second user plane function network element; and indicates to only a first anchor user plane function network element in the plurality of anchor user plane function network elements to send an end marker; or sends the end marker to only the first anchor user plane function network element.

Abstract: A transmission method and apparatus related to the field of communications technologies and include obtaining, by a session management network element, transport network capability list information, where the transport network capability list information indicates whether a transport network supports high-reliability transmission, and the transport network is a network between an access device and a user plane network element, and managing, by the session management network element, a user plane connection, of a terminal, between the access device and the user plane network element based on the transport network capability list information, where the user plane connection is usable for transmitting a service flow packet of the terminal.

Abstract: A control method for collecting traffic statistics includes a control node obtains a statistics collection instruction, where the statistics collection instruction is used to instruct to collect traffic statistics of a target data flow, generates a traffic statistics collection policy according to the statistics collection instruction, where the traffic statistics collection policy includes a matching identifier of the target data flow, a first command, and a second command, and sends the traffic statistics collection policy to a forwarding node. The first command is used to instruct the forwarding node to set a traffic identifier for the target data flow based on the matching identifier, the second command is used to instruct the forwarding node to add traffic generated by a target packet to a traffic statistics collection result corresponding to the traffic identifier which is used to describe the traffic of the target data flow.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for determining an air interface latency and relates to the field of communications technologies. In the method, an access network device obtains an air interface latency of a downlink data packet and schedules the downlink data packet based on the air interface latency of the downlink data packet. The air interface latency of the downlink data packet is calculated based on a round-trip latency, and the round-trip latency is a latency from when a terminal sends an uplink data packet to when the terminal receives the downlink data packet corresponding to the uplink data packet. In the method, the access network device may schedule the downlink data packet based on the air interface latency of the downlink data packet, so as to precisely control a latency in uplink and downlink data transmission.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method and apparatus, to reduce a waiting delay during transmission of retransmitted data and out-of-order data. In this method, a user plane function network element may receive first data and second data, determines, based on first information, that the second data is retransmitted data of the first data, and sends indication information to an access network network element. The indication information herein may indicate that the second data is the retransmitted data, or indicate a sending priority of the second data. Based on this solution, the access network network element may send the first data and the second data based on the indication information, and may preferentially send the retransmitted data to reduce the waiting delay during data transmission.

Abstract: A packet transmission method, including receiving, by a session management function network element, first access network tunnel information and second access network tunnel information that correspond to a first service, and sending a downlink forwarding rule to a user plane function network element, where the downlink forwarding rule includes the first access network tunnel information and the second access network tunnel information, and the downlink forwarding rule indicates the user plane function network element to replicate a received downlink packet of the first service, and send downlink packets of the first service through two paths respectively corresponding to the first access network tunnel information and the second access network tunnel information.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a method and a device therefor, applied to a scenario of Ethernet packet transmission. In an example method, a first device receives a first packet. Load data in the first packet includes padding redundant data. The first device deletes the padding redundant data. The first device generates a second packet. Load data in the second packet is payload data obtained after the padding redundant data is deleted from the first packet. The first device sends the second packet to a second device.

Abstract: A method includes: receiving, by a session management function (SMF) network element, identification information from an access and mobility management function (AMF) network element; obtaining, by the SMF network element, information about a plurality of anchor user plane function (UPF) network elements of a session based on the identification information, wherein each of the plurality of anchor UPF network elements is used as an Internet protocol (IP) anchor of a user equipment in the session; and sending, by the SMF network element, the information to a branching point, wherein the branching point is a UPF network element managed by the SMF network element and the branching point is capable of diverting traffic.

Abstract: A domain name system query method in which: a first network element receives a DNS query request including a first domain name from a terminal apparatus; the first network element sends first request information which comprises location information of the terminal apparatus and the first domain name to a second network element; the second network element determines, based on the first request information, an IP address and feeds back the IP address to the first network element; and the first network element sends the IP address to the terminal apparatus. When a terminal apparatus performs domain name query, a core network element determines an IP address of an application server based on location information of the terminal apparatus and a queried domain name. In this way, the terminal apparatus obtains an IP address of an application server close to the terminal apparatus, thereby improving service access efficiency of the terminal apparatus.

Abstract: A communication method includes sending, by a source mobility management network element in a first area, a first slice set for a home public land mobile network (PLMN) (HPLMN) of a terminal device to a target mobility management network element in a second area when handing over the terminal device from a source access network device in the first area to a target access network device in the second area, where the first slice set corresponds to a second slice set for the first area, and obtaining, by the target mobility management network element, a third slice set for the second area based on the first slice set.

Abstract: A service packet transmission method and apparatus, the method including receiving, by the source mobile edge computing network element, after a source mobile edge computing network element receives a second uplink service packet, a first uplink service packet sent by a source user plane network element and that is from a target user plane network element, where the second uplink service packet is the last uplink service packet sent by the source mobile edge computing network element to a source application server, sending, by the source mobile edge computing network element, the first uplink service packet to a target mobile edge computing network element, and sending, by the source mobile edge computing network element, first indication information to the target mobile edge computing network element, the first indication information indicating that the sending of the first uplink service packet by the source mobile edge computing network element ends.

Abstract: A bee bread containing a base material of the bee bread, the hydrophilic colloid, ethanol and water, and is prepared according to a certain preparation method. The bee bread containing the astaxanthin and the hydrophilic colloid has the advantages of long preservation time and small nutrient loss. The bee which are fed with the bee bread for a long time can effectively increase the yield of royal jelly and the number of larvae, and extend the life.