Abstract: The invention provides a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device with reduced dishing and erosion. In this method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, the convex/concave pattern is planarized by relatively moving a substrate having the convex/concave pattern on the surface and a polishing tool with pressing the convex/concave surface of the substrate on the polishing tool. The polishing tool is provided with a grindstone 10 having a plurality of polygonal segments 20, which comprises abrasive 23 that is bonded together with resin 24 and contains pores 22. The polygonal segments are arranged so that corners of three or more polygonal segments are not located near each other.

Abstract: An infusion bag which does not generate a significant number of fine particles in liquid contained in the bag, and has excellent transparency and flexibility, and also has sufficient heat resistance so that deformation does not occur even during sterilization at 115° C. A heat resistant sheet to form the infusion bag is formed from a polymer composition containing 50-70% by weight of a straight-chain polyethylene having a density of 0.928 g/cm3 or more and produced using a metallocene catalyst, 10-30% by weight of a low density polyethylene produced under high-pressure and 20-40% by weight of a straight-chain polyethylene having a density of 0.91 g/cm3 or less and produced using a metallocene catalyst.

Abstract: An absorbent, such as, for example, an active carbon, is provided in an intake air passage, for example, in an air cleaner, to efficiently adsorb fuel vapor. To ensure that fuel vapor adsorbed into the intake air passage can be efficiently desorbed even when there is only a small amount of the intake air, an intake throttle valve is provided upstream of the adsorbent and an opening of the intake throttle valve is throttled so as to decompress an area near the adsorbent. Desorption of fuel vapor also can be efficiently promoted by using a heater to directly heat the adsorbent in the intake air passage or by heating the intake air to indirectly heat the adsorbent.

Abstract: A filter medium has a function member accommodated between two fiber layers. A production method for manufacturing a filter medium includes the steps of: preparing a first fiber layer having a shape identical to that of a side surface of the filter medium; disposing a function member on a surface of the first fiber layer; and forming a second fiber layer by spinning partially melted fibers onto the function member disposed on the surface of the first fiber layer. Therefore, it is unnecessary to carry out press-forming in a state in which the function member is sandwiched between nonwoven fabrics, and a countermeasure to prevent the function member from falling out and a countermeasure to prevent the nonwoven fabric from being torn by the function member are unnecessary.

Abstract: A sheet-like adsorption filter formed by sandwiching particulate activated carbon with heat-resistant nets and non-woven fabric sheets that have a percentage of void of 90% or higher, is disposed at an internal combustion engine side of a filter element.

Abstract: A filter portion of a filter includes a plurality of bag-like members. The bag-like members are formed in a container shape having an opening and disposed with intervals therebetween. The periphery of the opening of each bag-like member is supported by a supporting member, and the bag-like members are mutually connected by the supporting member. Consequently, the strength of the filter portion comprising the bag-like members is improved.

Abstract: A filter medium has a function member accommodated between two fiber layers. A production method for manufacturing a filter medium includes the steps of: preparing a first fiber layer having a shape identical to that of a side surface of the filter medium; disposing a function member on a surface of the first fiber layer; and forming a second fiber layer by spinning partially melted fibers onto the function member disposed on the surface of the first fiber layer. Therefore, it is unnecessary to carry out press-forming in a state in which the function member is sandwiched between nonwoven fabrics, and a countermeasure to prevent the function member from falling out and a countermeasure to prevent the nonwoven fabric from being torn by the function member are unnecessary.

Abstract: An air filter is substantially made up of a filter element having a pleated filtering portion and a collar portion that extends on an outer periphery of the filtering portion and that has a sealing function, the filtering portion and the collar portion being integrally formed from the same material, and a cap and a case each of which has a flange for clamping the collar portion of the filter element. One of the flange of the cap and the flange of the case has a protruded portion that has an inclined portion. The collar portion of the filter element has a recess portion that contacts the inclined portion of the protruded portion and is guided by the inclined portion and fits to the protruded portion at a predetermined position so as to become set in position.

Abstract: A filter element made of nonwoven filter fabric includes a plurality of pleated portions and a flange portion formed integrally with the filter portion. The flange portion is formed by a pair of press-forming dies to have a thin and compressed connecting portion formed along the outer periphery of the filter portion, a thick and uncompressed seal portion formed along the outer periphery of the connecting portion and a thin and compressed protecting portion formed along the outer periphery of the seal portion.

Abstract: A filter element made of nonwoven filter fabric includes a plurality of pleated portions and a flange portion formed integrally with the filter portion. The flange portion is formed by a pair of press-forming dies to have a thin and compressed connecting portion formed along the outer periphery of the filter portion, a thick and uncompressed seal portion formed along the outer periphery of the connecting portion and a thin and compressed protecting portion formed along the outer periphery of the seal portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a ground vibration properties detection method by generating a specified vibration load equal to the actual load generated by traffic vehicles on a paved road or by generating a specified vibration load corresponding to a seismic intensity of earthquake on a ground and measuring the vibration load as a vibration level induced by the vibration load and equipment thereof.

Abstract: A filter element for an air cleaner including a sheet-like filter medium for purifying air when the air is transferred from one side to the other side of the filter medium, a frame member having a flange confining the filter medium and a side wall formed on the flange, and a fibrous mat having cushioning effect. The filter medium is folded in a sawtooth-shaped pattern and extends along a plane. The filter medium has a base contour contained in the plane and has a sawtooth-shaped peripheral edge section extending along a part of the base contour. The flange outwardly projects from the frame. The side wall is airtightly bonded to the sawtooth-shaped peripheral edge section of the filter medium. The mat continuously extends along the base contour and is fixedly bonded to a surface of the flange facing the other side of the filter medium.

Abstract: An error rate measuring apparatus includes a demodulator, and data from the demodulator is applied to a decoding circuit in which an error bit number is evaluated for each of a BIC portion and a packet portion. In the BIC portion, if a synchronization is settled, the error bit number is evaluated by comparing received BICs and a predetermined BIC pattern, and if the synchronization is not settled, the error bit number is determined as eight (8) bits. In the packet portion, if a frame synchronization is settled and decoding is successful, the error bit number is calculated by comparing data before decoding and data after decoding with each other. If the frame synchronization is settled but the decoding is unsuccessful, a presumed error bit number is set according to the number of packets being decoded successfully in a first time horizontal direction, and if the frame synchronization is not settled, a predetermined error bit number is set.

Abstract: In order to reduce radio interference jamming in the same channel exerting from an adjacent broadcasting area when a digitized image signal of, for example, high-definition television utilizing an idle channel in ground broadcasting of television is transmitted, a digital string such as a binary coded image signal is thinned out every predetermined digital period so as to be divided into two groups. Continuous digital strings of two series are formed by converting clock rates of the respective groups and converted into multi-value digits. Intermediate carriers are then modulated with the digital signals of the two series having their requisite bands compressed through quadrature modulation to form modulated carriers, and the modulated carriers are transmitted in bands of two divisional channels which escape from adjacent video and voice carriers, the power of which is responsible for the radio interference in the same channel. The carriers are subsequently received for reconstruction.

Abstract: High resolution vertical and horizontal components of a high definition video signal are combined with a standard broadcast system video signal, such as the NTSC system, in which high frequency horizontal resolution components are sampled and used to modulate at least a first sub-carrier signal. The first sub-carrier is frequency interleaved onto the standard broadcast signal. Vertical high resolution components are time compressed and time division multiplexed onto top and bottom portions of the standard broadcast signal. The modified broadcast signal can be decoded by a standard receiver to display a standard resolution video image, while receivers designed to decode the modified signal can time division demultiplex the vertical high resolution components and demodulate the horizontal high resolution components, combine these components with the standard components, and generate a high definition video image.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method by which a channel-type induction heating apparatus is provided on a tundish, which comprises a steel receiving chamber and a steel discharging chamber separated by a refractory wall, each of which chambers is connected to the ground via molten steel flowing from a ladle, molten steel flowing into a mold, or a refractory, in such a manner that ground circulating current is prevented from being generated. An electromagnetic connection of an induction heating coil and an iron core of a two-leg type or a three-leg type to a loop current circuit in the molten steel is arranged symmetrically, thereby suppressing the generation of the ground circulating current. By thus suppressing the generation of the ground circulating current, it becomes unnecessary to insulate a ground circuit as required in conventional constructions, the maintenance of facilities becomes easier, besides any malfunction of the equipment due to the ground circulating current is totally eliminated.

Abstract: A solvent container to be used in combination with a drug container or vial, which comprises a flexible container body containing a solvent therein and having a mouth covered with a self-sealing member, a guide capsule having an open end sealed by a sealing member and being removably mounted on the mouth of the container body; and a double-pointed hollow needle having a sharp piercing edge at each end and being slidably arranged in the guide capsule to constitute a means for communicating the container body with the drug vial in cooperation with the guide capsule.

Abstract: A fluid container comprises a drug container, a deformable solvent container, a double-pointed hollow needle having a sharp piercing edge at each end and being arranged between the drug container and the solvent container, a guide capsule with a cap rotatably mounted thereon, and a means for converting rotary motion of the cap to a linear motion of the drug container to push the drug container toward the solvent container in cooperation with the cap and the guide capsule so that a fluid communication is made between two containers through the needle.

Abstract: A method and system for multiplexing additional audio information in the form of pulse code modulation (PCM) audio signals onto a television signal. The PCM audio signal is time multiplexed into scanning retrace intervals of the video signal. At a receiver, the bit error rate of the decoded PCM audio signal is compared with a threshold so as to switch the audio output from the PCM audio signal to a conventional FM demodulated audio signal when the bit error rate exceeds the predetermined threshold. In this way, the benefits of both PCM audio and FM audio can be obtained by utilizing the higher immunity of FM signals in low signal-to-noise ratio environments, while the high fidelity PCM audio signal is utilized when the signal-to-noise ratio environment is relatively high.

Abstract: A multiple sub-sampling encoding/decoding system performing interfield and interframe offset sub-sampling of a broad bandwidth television signal. The system compresses the television signal to fit, for example, to the transmission bandwidth of the standard television systems, compensates the transmission characteristics, and achieves the optimal frequency allocation of the modulated transmission signal.