Abstract: An obstacle determination system includes an avoidance behavior detection unit configured to detect an avoidance behavior that is a behavior of a vehicle avoiding an obstacle, and an obstacle determination unit configured to determine that the obstacle is present when a road on which the avoidance behavior occurs is not a road on which avoidance of an oncoming vehicle is needed.

Abstract: Disclosed are chemical entities which are inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), namely, chemical entities comprising 6-((1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexylamino)-7-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-3(2H)-one and certain solid state forms thereof. Also disclosed are methods of using the chemical entities to treat disorders such as a cancer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a compound of formula I-11 through multiple-step reactions:

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing beta 3 agonists of Formula (I) and Formula (II) and their intermediates. The beta 3 agonists are useful in the treatment of certain disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes: a fixed frame; a cam frame rotating with respect to the fixed frame; and a lens frame moving in conjunction with the rotation straight forward along the fixed frame. The fixed frame has a pair of first groove portions penetrating the fixed frame and extending substantially parallel with an optical axis. The lens frame includes: a first cam pin projecting from one of the first groove portions, and engages with the cam frame; a pair of straight keys guided by the pair of first groove portions; and an urging portion urging the first cam pin in the projecting direction. The first cam pin is only on one of the pair of straight keys. The pair of first groove portions are opposed to each other in the urging direction of the first cam pin with the optical axis interposed between the pair of first groove portions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing beta 3 agonists of Formula (I) and Formula (II) and their intermediates. The beta 3 agonists are useful in the treatment of certain disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency.

Abstract: A carbon-based material includes an expanded graphite sheet including expanded graphite grains. The carbon-based material also includes nonmetal atoms or nonmetal ions of a nonmetallic element of either nitrogen or sulfur, and surfaces of the expanded graphite grains are doped with the nonmetal atoms or the nonmetal ions. The carbon-based material also includes metal atoms or metal ions of at least one metallic element selected from the element group of group 8 to group 11 of the periodic table, and the surfaces of the expanded graphite grains are doped with the metal atoms or the metal ions. An electrode includes the carbon-based material, and a microbial fuel cell includes the electrode.

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell contains a negative electrode including a sheet-like first carbon material including a graphene sheet, the negative electrode supporting microorganisms, and a positive electrode opposed to the negative electrode. The negative electrode has an arithmetical mean roughness Ra on the surface thereof set in a range of 4.0 ?m to 10000 ?m. A waste liquid treatment system includes the microbial fuel cell, wherein the positive electrode is arranged in contact with gas containing oxygen. The microbial fuel cell can be deformed into a shape so as to have high resistance to water pressure. The microbial fuel cell can also increase in the amount of microorganisms supported on the negative electrode due to the high arithmetical mean roughness Ra, so as to enhance output power of the microbial fuel cell.

Abstract: In a sole structure, a first projection can be deformed more easily toward a heel than tiptoe in a through hole of a sole component, due to a heel side gap which is formed between an inclined surface of the first projection and a wall of the first through hole located closer to the heel.

Abstract: An electrode (10) includes: a first diffusion layer (1) having water repellency and oxygen permeability; and a second diffusion layer (2) that supports a catalyst (4) and is laminated on the first diffusion layer. Then, the second diffusion layer includes a carbon material having a sheet shape. A fuel cell (100) includes: an anode (20) that supports microorganisms; and a cathode (40) composed of the electrode (10). A water treatment device includes: the anode (20) that supports microorganisms purifying a liquid to be treated; and the cathode (40) composed of the electrode (10).

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell (100) includes: a positive electrode (10, 10A); a negative electrode (20) that holds microorganisms; and an electrolysis solution (70). The positive electrode includes: an electric conductor layer (1): a porous body layer (2) that is laminated on the electric conductor layer and supports a catalyst (3) therein; and a water-repellent layer (4) that is laminated on a surface (1b) of the electric conductor layer, which is opposite of a surface (1a) thereof in contact with the porous body layer, or a surface (2b) of the porous body layer, which is opposite of a surface (2a) thereof in contact with the electric conductor layer. Then, the porous body layer and the negative electrode are immersed in the electrolysis solution, and at least a part of the water-repellent layer is exposed to a gas phase (90).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a conveying unit, transfer unit, a loop detecting unit, a driving source, a control unit, and a measuring unit. The transfer unit transfers an image formed on an image bearing member to the printing material conveyed by the conveying unit driven by the driving source. The loop detecting unit detects an amount of a loop formed in the printing material between the conveying and transfer units. The control unit changes a rotational speed of the driving source based on the detection result. The measuring unit measures a rotation amount of the driving source while a first printing material is conveyed by both of the conveying and transfer units. The control unit controls the rotational speed of the driving source based on the measured rotation amount so that a leading end of a second printing material reaches the transfer unit per the image bearing member image.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing beta 3 agonists of Formula (I) and Formula (II) and their intermediates. The beta 3 agonists are useful in the treatment of certain disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency.

Abstract: An electrode includes a first diffusion layer (11) having water repellency and functioning to diffuse oxygen, and a second diffusion layer (13) supporting a catalyst layer (30) thereon and functioning to diffuse oxygen. The electrode further includes an electrically conductive layer (12, 15) including a metal material (20, 21) and an oxygen-permeable material, and interposed between the first diffusion layer and the second diffusion layer. A fuel cell (100) and a water treatment equipment each include: an anode (3); an ion transfer layer (4) having proton permeability; and a cathode (1, 2) being the electrode described above, and separated from the anode with the ion transfer layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A covering member is provided in a portion of an upper of a shoe. The covering member includes: a fabric material comprised of a stretchable mesh fabric; and an overlay material made of an olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer and integrally provided on a surface of the fabric material. A direction intersecting with a stretch direction of the fabric material is defined as a width direction. The covering member has such strain rate dependence that a tensile load per unit width with respect to a strain amount of the covering member is higher and the covering member is less stretchable when a strain rate of the upper in the stretch direction of the fabric material is in a high strain rate region than when the strain rate of the upper is in a low strain rate region.

Abstract: A fuel cell system (100) comprises: a plurality of cell units including a first cell unit (10A) and a second cell unit (10B) positioned below the first cell unit (10A) in the vertical direction; and at least one connection portion including a first connection portion (20A) for connecting the first cell unit (10A) and the second cell unit (10B). In the fuel cell system (100), the cell units each have at least one electrode cell (2) equipped with: a processing bath (3) having a flow path (8) for circulating a liquid to be processed; a liquid supply inlet (11A, 11B) for supplying the liquid to be processed to the flow path (8); and a liquid discharging outlet (13A, 13B) for discharging the liquid to be processed from the flow path (8).

Abstract: A discharge device which discharges a sheet includes: a driving shaft which is driven to rotate by a driving source; a plurality of driving rotating members which is provided on the driving shaft; a rotating member which is provided on the driving shaft, has a larger outside diameter than an outside diameter of the driving rotating member, is formed by joining at least two divided components, and includes stepped portions that protrude, to a larger extent, in a radial direction in boundary portions of the at least two components on upstream sides of a rotation direction of the rotating member than on downstream sides thereof; and follower rotating members which are pressed against the driving rotating members.

Abstract: An electrode assembly includes a hollow member having a hollow portion, an oxygen supply portion that supplies oxygen to the hollow portion, and an oxygen permeable portion that allows permeation of oxygen supplied to the hollow portion. Moreover, the electrode assembly includes: an electrode that is provided on an outside of the hollow member in the oxygen permeable portion and is composed by laminating a water-repellent layer having oxygen permeability and an electrically conductive layer on each other from the oxygen permeable portion side; and a buffer member that is provided in the hollow portion and has pressure resistance. Then, the electrode assembly is provided with air permeability from the oxygen supply portion to the oxygen permeable portion. A microbial fuel cell includes: the electrode assembly; and a negative electrode that supports microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing beta 3 agonists of Formula (I) and Formula (II) and their intermediates. The beta 3 agonists are useful in the treatment of certain disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency.

Abstract: An obstacle determination system includes an avoidance behavior detection unit configured to detect an avoidance behavior that is a behavior of a vehicle avoiding an obstacle, and an obstacle determination unit configured to determine that the obstacle is present when a road on which the avoidance behavior occurs is not a road on which avoidance of an oncoming vehicle is needed.