Abstract: A microbial fuel cell includes a container unit and an electrode unit. The container unit includes an electrolytic cell and a communication port. The electrode unit includes a gas-phase chamber, a positive electrode, a negative electrode that is configured to hold microbes, an ion transfer layer that is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a first vent port, and a second vent port. The gas-phase chamber is communicated with the communication port through the second vent port.

Abstract: An electrode structure includes: a water-repellent layer which is permeable to oxygen; and an electric conductor layer which is laid on the water-repellent layer and holds an oxygen reduction catalyst. The electrode structure further includes a filter layer that is laid on a surface of the electric conductor layer on the opposite side of a surface on which the water-repellent layer is laid. The filter layer includes plural through holes with a diameter of 0.01 ?m to 0.5 ?m. The configuration prevents microorganisms from entering the electrode structure, and the microbial fuel cell is therefore able to stably produce electric energy.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing beta 3 agonists of Formula (I) and Formula (II) and their intermediates. The beta 3 agonists are useful in the treatment of certain disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a compound of formula I-11 through multiple-step reactions:

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell system includes: a supply-drain compartment to which an electrolysis solution is supplied and from which the electrolysis solution is drained; a negative electrode soaked in the electrolysis solution and holding electricity-producing bacteria on a surface thereof; and a positive electrode soaked in the electrolysis solution, including at least a part exposed to a gas phase, and holding nitrifying bacteria on a surface thereof excluding the part exposed to the gas phase. At least one of the surface of the positive electrode excluding the part exposed to the gas phase and the electrolysis solution holds denitrifying bacteria.

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell system includes a supply-drain compartment having a supply port and a drain port of an electrolytic solution. The microbial fuel cell system further includes one or more power generation cassettes provided in the supply-drain compartment and each including a microbial fuel cell including: a positive electrode including a first water-repellent layer in contact with a gas phase and a gas diffusion layer attached to the first water-repellent layer; and a negative electrode holding anaerobic microorganisms. The microbial fuel cell system includes one or more purifying cassettes provided in the supply-drain compartment and each including a second water-repellent layer in contact with the gas phase. The power generation cassettes are arranged on the upstream side in a direction in which the electrolytic solution flows from the supply port toward the drain port, and the purifying cassettes are arranged on the downstream side of the power generation cassettes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing beta 3 agonists of Formula (I) and Formula (II) and their intermediates. The beta 3 agonists are useful in the treatment of certain disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a compound of formula I-11 through multiple-step reactions.

Abstract: An electrode (10) includes a first diffusion layer (1) having water repellency, a second diffusion layer (2) supporting a catalyst (4) thereon, and an oxygen-permeable layer (3) having oxygen permeability and interposed between the first diffusion layer and the second diffusion layer. The second diffusion layer includes a sheet-like carbon material. A fuel cell (100) includes an anode (20) supporting microorganisms, an ion transfer layer (30) permeable to hydrogen ions, and a cathode (40) being the electrode (10) and separated from the anode with the ion transfer layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A liquid treatment unit (1) includes: an electrical conductor (5) including a first surface (2) and a second surface (3), and a space (4) provided between the first surface and the second surface in which hydrogen ions move; and a structure (6) arranged on the second surface to regulate an oxygen supply amount. A liquid treatment device (10) includes the liquid treatment unit, and a treatment tank (7) which keeps a liquid (9) to be treated, wherein the first surface of the electrical conductor in the liquid treatment unit is located inside the treatment tank.

Abstract: An electrode includes a first diffusion layer (11) having water repellency and functioning to diffuse oxygen, and a second diffusion layer (13) supporting a catalyst layer (30) thereon and functioning to diffuse oxygen. The electrode further includes an electrically conductive layer (12, 15) including a metal material (20, 21) and an oxygen-permeable material, and interposed between the first diffusion layer and the second diffusion layer. A fuel cell (100) and a water treatment equipment each include: an anode (3); an ion transfer layer (4) having proton permeability; and a cathode (1, 2) being the electrode described above, and separated from the anode with the ion transfer layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A liquid treatment device (100) including: a structure (10) having a first surface (10a) and a second surface (10b), the structure including: a conductor (11) arranged between the first surface (10a) and the second surface (10b), the conductor including a first portion (11a) exposed to outside at the first surface (10a) and a second portion (11b) exposed to outside at the second surface (10b), and the conductor electrically connecting the first portion (11a) and the second portion (11b); and an ion transfer layer (15) arranged between the first surface (10a) and the second surface (10b), the ion transfer layer (15) arranged between the first surface (10a) and the second surface (10b), allowing hydrogen ions to move therethrough; and a first treatment tank (12) for holding a first liquid to be treated (17) therein, wherein the first surface (10a) of the structure (10) is located inside the first treatment tank (12).

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell includes a container unit and an electrode unit. The container unit includes an electrolytic cell and a communication port. The electrode unit includes a gas-phase chamber, a positive electrode, a negative electrode that is configured to hold microbes, an ion transfer layer that is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a first vent port, and a second vent port. The gas-phase chamber is communicated with the communication port through the second vent port.

Abstract: A running form diagnosis system capable of automatically scoring a running form of a runner is provided. The running form diagnosis system obtains body motion information as to a test subject running on a treadmill, and calculate a running form score of the test subject by applying obtained characteristics to a given operation expression. The operation expression is generated based on correlation between characteristics of a plurality of test runners and comprehensive evaluation given by an expert with respect to the plurality of test runners.

Abstract: A discharge device which discharges a sheet includes: a driving shaft which is driven to rotate by a driving source; a plurality of driving rotating members which is provided on the driving shaft; a rotating member which is provided on the driving shaft, has a larger outside diameter than an outside diameter of the driving rotating member, is formed by joining at least two divided components, and includes stepped portions that protrude, to a larger extent, in a radial direction in boundary portions of the at least two components on upstream sides of a rotation direction of the rotating member than on downstream sides thereof; and follower rotating members which are pressed against the driving rotating members.

Abstract: Disclosed are chemical entities which are inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), namely, chemical entities comprising 6-((1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexylamino)-7-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-3(2H)-one and certain solid state forms thereof. Also disclosed are methods of using the chemical entities to treat disorders such as a cancer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing beta 3 agonists of Formula (I) and Formula (II) and their intermediates. The beta 3 agonists are useful in the treatment of certain disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency.

Abstract: A fuel cell system (100) comprises: a plurality of cell units including a first cell unit (10A) and a second cell unit (10B) positioned below the first cell unit (10A) in the vertical direction; and at least one connection portion including a first connection portion (20A) for connecting the first cell unit (10A) and the second cell unit (10B). In the fuel cell system (100), the cell units each have at least one electrode cell (2) equipped with: a processing bath (3) having a flow path (8) for circulating a liquid to be processed; a liquid supply inlet (11A, 11B) for supplying the liquid to be processed to the flow path (8); and a liquid discharging outlet (13A, 13B) for discharging the liquid to be processed from the flow path (8).

Abstract: A liquid treatment device (100) including: a structure (10) having a first surface (10a) and a second surface (10b), the structure including: a conductor (11) arranged between the first surface (10a) and the second surface (10b), the conductor including a first portion (11a) exposed to outside at the first surface (10a) and a second portion (11b) exposed to outside at the second surface (10b), and the conductor electrically connecting the first portion (11a) and the second portion (11b); and an ion transfer layer (15) arranged between the first surface (10a) and the second surface (10b), the ion transfer layer (15) arranged between the first surface (10a) and the second surface (10b), allowing hydrogen ions to move therethrough; and a first treatment tank (12) for holding a first liquid to be treated (17) therein, wherein the first surface (10a) of the structure (10) is located inside the first treatment tank (12).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing beta 3 agonists of Formula (I) and Formula (II) and their intermediates. The beta 3 agonists are useful in the treatment of certain disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency.