Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of semiconductor elements; insulating circuit boards each including an insulating substrate, a circuit portion on a front surface of the insulating substrate connected to one semiconductor element, and a metal portion on a rear surface of the insulating substrate; a metal plate joined to the metal portions of the plurality of insulating circuit boards; and a joint member joining the plurality of insulating circuit boards to the metal plate. The metal plate has a front surface in which the insulating circuit boards are arranged apart from each other, and a rear surface including first regions corresponding to positions of the metal portions and second regions other than the first regions. At least a part of a surface of each of the first regions has a surface work-hardened layer, and the second regions have a hardness different from that of the surface work-hardened layer.

Abstract: In a semiconductor memory device of an embodiment, a controller writes write data and first address management information including address information of the write data to a memory, and performs, when an error occurs in any of the write data read from the memory, an error correction process to an error correction group including the write data and the first address management information. The controller generates, when a read error is detected within a process target error correction group, second address management information including address information of write data within the process target error correction group and error position information indicative of a position of the read error, and writes invalid data and the second address management information to erased condition areas within areas to be written of the process target error correction group.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte containing a monofluorophosphate and/or a difluorophosphate and a compound having a specific chemical structure or specific properties. The nonaqueous electrolyte can contain at least one of a saturated chain hydrocarbon, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon, an aromatic compound having a halogen atom and an ether having a fluorine atom.

Abstract: In a semiconductor memory device of an embodiment, a backup section writes backup data to a memory. The backup data corresponds to management data which associates identification data of data written to the memory with a write position of the data. A first generator generates update data indicating an updating state when the management data is updated after the backup data is written to the memory. A second generator generates update accumulated data including the update data and past update data which has been generated before the update data and written to the memory. A writer writes the update accumulated data to the memory. A restoration section restores the management data based on the backup data read from the memory and the update accumulated data.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a battery case and an electrode group is provided. The electrode group comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a microporous film separator and a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt. The electrode group and the nonaqueous electrolyte are held in the battery case and the electrodes each comprise a current collector and an active-material layer containing an active material capable of occluding/releasing a lithium ion. The nonaqueous electrolyte comprises a difluorophosphoric acid salt in an amount of 10 ppm or more of the whole nonaqueous electrolyte. The battery case comprises a casing material in which at least part of the battery inner side comprises a sheet formed from a thermoplastic resin and with which the electrode group can be enclosed by placing the electrode group in the casing material and heat sealing layers of the thermoplastic resin to each other.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising: a positive electrode and a negative electrode which each has a specific composition and specific properties; and a nonaqueous electrolyte which contains a cyclic siloxane compound represented by general formula (1), fluorosilane compound represented by general formula (2), compound represented by general formula (3), compound having an S—F bond in the molecule, nitric acid salt, nitrous acid salt, monofluorophosphoric acid salt, difluorophosphoric acid salt, acetic acid salt, or propionic acid salt in an amount of 10 ppm or more of the whole nonaqueous electrolyte. This lithium secondary battery has a high capacity, long life, and high output. [In general formula (1), R1 and R2 are an organic group having 1-12 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 3-10. In general formula (2), R3 to R5 are an organic group having 1-12 carbon atoms; x is an integer of 1-3; and p, q, and r each are an integer of 0-3, provided that 1?p+q+r?3.

Abstract: A subject is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte excellent in cycle performances such as capacity retention after cycling, output after cycling, discharge capacity after cycling, and cycle discharge capacity ratio, output characteristics, high-temperature storability, low-temperature discharge characteristics, heavy-current discharge characteristics, high-temperature storability, safety, high capacity, high output, high-current-density cycle performances, compatibility of these performances, etc. Another subject is to provide a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery employing the nonaqueous electrolyte. The subjects have been accomplished with a nonaqueous electrolyte which contains a monofluorophosphate and/or a difluorophosphate and further contains a compound having a specific chemical structure or specific properties.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery is provided. The battery comprises: a positive electrode and a negative electrode which each has a specific composition and specific properties; and a nonaqueous electrolyte which contains a cyclic siloxane compound of formula (1), a fluorosilane compound of formula (2), a compound of formula (3), compound having an S—F bond in the molecule, nitric acid salt, nitrous acid salt, monofluorophosphoric acid salt, difluorophosphoric acid salt, acetic acid salt, or propionic acid salt in an amount of 10 ppm or more of the whole nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: A difluorophosphate effective as an additive for a nonaqueous electrolyte for secondary battery is produced by a simple method from inexpensive common materials. The difluorophosphate is produced by reacting lithium hexafluorophosphate with a carbonate in a nonaqueous solvent. The liquid reaction mixture resulting from this reaction is supplied for providing the difluorophosphate in a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a nonaqueous solvent which contains at least a hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte lithium salt and further contains a difluorophosphate. Also provided is a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery employing this nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: A memory system includes: a cache memory, a nonvolatile semiconductor memory, and a controller. The controller includes a plurality of management tables that manage data stored in the cache memory and the nonvolatile semiconductor memory using a cluster unit and a track unit. The controller performs data flushing processing from the cache memory to the nonvolatile semiconductor memory when the number of track units registered in the cache memory exceeds a predetermined threshold. Data may be flushed to the nonvolatile memory in different size data units such as a cluster or a track. Data flushing processing may also be performed if a last free way is used when data writing processing is performed on the cache memory managed in a set associative system. The nonvolatile semiconductor memory can be a NAND flash memory.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte containing a monofluorophosphate and/or a difluorophosphate and a compound having a specific chemical structure or specific properties. The nonaqueous electrolyte can contain at least one of a saturated chain hydrocarbon, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon, an aromatic compound having a halogen atom and an ether having a fluorine atom.

Abstract: A WC resource usage is compared with an auto flush (AU) threshold Caf that is smaller than an upper limit Clmt, and when the WC resource usage exceeds the AF threshold Caf, the organizing state of a NAND memory 10 is checked. When the organizing of the NAND memory 10 has proceeded sufficiently, data is flushed from a write cache (WC) 21 to the NAND memory 10 early, so that the response to the subsequent write command is improved.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, when a controller writes update data in a second memory to a first memory which is nonvolatile and a difference between a size of a page and a size of the update data is equal to or greater than a size of a cluster, the controller configured to generate write data by adding, to the update data, data which has the size of the cluster, store an update content of management information corresponding to the update data and an update content storage position indicating a storage position of the update content of the management information in the first memory, and write the generated write data to a block in writing of the first memory.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, when a controller writes update data in a second memory to a first memory which is nonvolatile and a difference between a size of a page and a size of the update data is equal to or greater than a size of a cluster, the controller configured to generate write data by adding, to the update data, data which has the size of the cluster, store an update content of management information corresponding to the update data and an update content storage position indicating a storage position of the update content of the management information in the first memory, and write the generated write data to a block in writing of the first memory.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery is provided. The battery comprises: a positive electrode and a negative electrode which each has a specific composition and specific properties; and a nonaqueous electrolyte which contains a cyclic siloxane compound of formula (1), a fluorosilane compound of formula (2), a compound of formula (3), compound having an S—F bond in the molecule, nitric acid salt, nitrous acid salt, monofluorophosphoric acid salt, difluorophosphoric acid salt, acetic acid salt, or propionic acid salt in an amount of 10 ppm or more of the whole nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte containing a monofluorophosphate and/or a difluorophosphate and a compound having a specific chemical structure or specific properties. The nonaqueous electrolyte can contain at least one of a saturated chain hydrocarbon, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon, an aromatic compound having a halogen atom and an ether having a fluorine atom.

Abstract: A subject for the invention is to improve the cycle characteristics of a high-capacity secondary battery containing an active material packet at a high density, by using a particulate active material having a low aspect ratio. The invention relates to a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery comprising a negative electrode and a positive electrode each capable of occluding/releasing lithium, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt, characterized in that the separator comprises a porous film made of a thermoplastic resin containing an inorganic filler, and at least either of the following is satisfied: the active material contained in the negative electrode is a particulate active material having an aspect ratio of from 1.02 to 3; and the active material contained in the positive electrode is a particulate active material having an aspect ratio of from 1.02 to 2.2.

Abstract: A subject for the invention is to improve the cycle characteristics of a high-capacity secondary battery containing an active material packed at a high density, by using a particulate active material having a low aspect ratio. The invention relates to a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery comprising a negative electrode and a positive electrode each capable of occluding/releasing lithium, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt, characterized in that the separator comprises a porous film made of a thermoplastic resin containing an inorganic filler, and at least either of the following is satisfied: the active material contained in the negative electrode is a particulate active material having an aspect ratio of from 1.02 to 3; and the active material contained in the positive electrode is a particulate active material having an aspect ratio of from 1.02 to 2.2.

Abstract: A subject for the invention is to improve the cycle characteristics of a high-capacity secondary battery containing an active material packed at a high density, by using a particulate active material having a low aspect ratio. The invention relates to a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery comprising a negative electrode and a positive electrode each capable of occluding/releasing lithium, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt, characterized in that the separator comprises a porous film made of a thermoplastic resin containing an inorganic filler, and at least either of the following is satisfied: the active material contained in the negative electrode is a particulate active material having an aspect ratio of from 1.02 to 3; and the active material contained in the positive electrode is a particulate active material having an aspect ratio of from 1.02 to 2.2.

Abstract: A subject for the invention is to improve the cycle characteristics of a high-capacity secondary battery containing an active material packed at a high density, by using a particulate active material having a low aspect ratio. The invention relates to a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery comprising a negative electrode and a positive electrode each capable of occluding/releasing lithium, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt, characterized in that the separator comprises a porous film made of a thermoplastic resin containing an inorganic filler, and at least either of the following is satisfied: the active material contained in the negative electrode is a particulate active material having an aspect ratio of from 1.02 to 3; and the active material contained in the positive electrode is a particulate active material having an aspect ratio of from 1.02 to 2.2.