Abstract: A disk type motor speed detecting device is made up of a doughnut shaped plate high in magnetic permeability secured to the inner surface of the lower plate of the body, a coil wound on a small portion of the doughnut shaped plate; a doughnut shaped magnet with S and N poles one of which has a magnetization angle of more than 180.degree., a disk-shaped yoke secured to the magnet, and a rotary shaft adapted to rotate the magnet relative to the doughnut shaped plate.

Abstract: In a defect detecting method and apparatus, the image of a bottle under inspection, which is conveyed while being spun, is divided into picture elements arranged in a matrix form, signals representative of the picture elements are generated sequentially and repeatedly, and the signals of the picture elements, on the same imaginary line perpendicular to the central axis of the image, are compared with each other, and the result of the comparison is used to detect a defect such as a foreign matter or a scratch.

Abstract: In a defect detecting method and apparatus, the image of an object under inspection is formed, the signals of picture elements forming the image is stored, the picture elements signals are accumulated for each of the regions which form parts of the image, the results of the accumulations for regions proximate to each other are compared, and a defect is detected from the result of the comparison.

Abstract: In a defect detecting method and device, image formed by receiving light from an illuminated object to be examined, is divided into a plurality of picture elements, and the signals of the picture elements are stored. The signals are later read out in the order in which the portions of the object corresponding respectively to the picture elements are traversed by a substantially spiral imaginary line drawn on said object, and a defect is detected from the relationship between the signal of one of the picture elements and the signal of another picture element read out a little before the reading of the signal of said one of the picture elements.

Abstract: In general, used beer, alcoholic drink, soft drink or medical bottles are collected to be used again. Such used returnable bottles often have foreign matters or contaminants such as dust and leavings or cracks, and they must be removed from the bottling line before or after the bottle cleaning process. This invention positively satisfies such a requirement. The foreign matter detecting device comprises: a photoelectric conversion device having a number of light receiving elements; and a video signal processing device for successively subjecting to comparison and discrimination the detection signals of variable two adjacent points which are detected by the photoelectric conversion device, to determine whether or not the bottle has a foreign matter.

Abstract: In order to enable a laser beam to scan the complete inside surfaces of an empty bottle or the like, two mirrors oscillating about right angular axes are employed which successively reflect the laser beam. The oscillations of the two mirrors are correlated to impart an annular or spiral scanning motion to the laser beam. Subsequently passing through a converging lens, which is focused at the mouth of the bottle being tested, the laser beam enters the bottle for point-by-point scanning of its surfaces. The presence of a flaw in the bottle is sensed from the intensity of the laser beam that has penetrated, or has been reflected from, the bottle, as by an integrating sphere and a photoelectric detector mounted in position thereon. Various other embodiments of the invention and modifications are disclosed.