Abstract: An organic dye type optical recording medium capable of recording or reading information by a blue laser having a shorter wavelength, is provided. An optical recording medium comprising a substrate and a recording layer capable of recording or reading information by a laser, formed on the substrate, characterized in that the recording layer contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein each of R1 to R6 which are independent of one another, is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group which may be substituted, each of k and n which are independent of each other, is an integer of from 0 to 2, provided 0?k+n?4, each of l and m which are independent of each other, is 0 or 1, provided 1?l+m?2, each of rings A and B which are independent of each other, is an aromatic ring which may have optional substituents, provided that such optional substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

Abstract: The invention compensates for variations of a driving transistor Tr1. The invention provides a pixel circuit including a current-type driven element L, a driving transistor Tr1 to control the amount of electrical current to be supplied to the driven element, a capacitor element C connected to the gate of the driving transistor, a switching transistor Tr3 connected to the gate of the driving transistor, a switching transistor Tr1, a scanning line S connected to the gate of the switching transistor Tr3, a data line D connected to the source or the drain of the switching transistor Tr3, and a power-supply line V connected to a signal line via the switching transistor Tr3. A diode-connected compensating transistor Tr4 is disposed between the power-supply line V and the switching transistor Tr3.

Abstract: The invention provides an electronic circuit, a driving method for an electronic circuit, an electro-optical device, a driving method for an electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus which can reduce the dispersion of the threshold voltages of transistors. A driving transistor, first and second switching transistors, an adjustment transistor, a coupling capacitor, and a holding capacitor form a pixel circuit. The threshold voltage of the adjustment transistor is applied to the gate of the driving transistor. According to the present invention, the luminance gradation of a display element, such as an organic EL element, can be precisely controlled according to a data voltage.

Abstract: A gate of a driving transistor is set to a offset level corresponding to the threshold of the driving transistor by an initializing current flowing between a source and a drain of the driving transistor or a compensating transistor for the driving transistor. A conduction state of the driving transistor is set according to a gate voltage of the gate of the driving transistor that corresponds to a data signal and the threshold of the driving transistor. A current of which a level corresponds to the conduction state and of which the direction is opposite to the direction of the initializing current flows through driving transistor.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides an electro-optical device including a plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of power lines extending in a direction intersecting with the plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixel circuits provided corresponding to intersections of the plurality of scanning lines and the plurality of data lines, wherein pixel circuits of the plurality of pixel circuits provided adjacent to each other along one of the plurality of data lines is coupled to one of the plurality of power lines.

Abstract: A capacitor is disposed between a gate of driving transistor of which conduction state correspond to a driving current supplied to a driven element. The gate voltage of the gate of the driving transistor is set by supplying a data current to the driving transistor or a compensating transistor for the driving transistor.

Abstract: The invention compensates for variations of a driving transistor Tr1. The invention provides a pixel circuit including a current-type driven element L, a driving transistor Tr1 to control the amount of electrical current to be supplied to the driven element, a capacitor element C connected to the gate of the driving transistor, a switching transistor Tr3 connected to the gate of the driving transistor, a switching transistor Tr1, a scanning line S connected to the gate of the switching transistor Tr3, a data line D connected to the source or the drain of the switching transistor Tr3, and a power-supply line V connected to a signal line via the switching transistor Tr3. A diode-connected compensating transistor Tr4 is disposed between the power-supply line V and the switching transistor Tr3.

Abstract: To suppress an off leak current of a switching element arranged along a data line to control degradation of tonal gradation in an arrangement in which an organic electro-luminescent element OLED is driven using a current programming method, a first switching element is set to be in a non-conductive state and a second switching element is set to be in a conductive state during a normal mode. During a test mode, the first switching element is set to be in a conductive state while the second switching element is set to be in a non-conductive state.

Abstract: An ink jet printer includes ink jet heads for recording an image on a recording medium, an ink bottle for holding ink, an ink supply path connecting the ink bottle to each ink jet head, and an electromagnetic valve provided on the path. In the printer, the bottle, the valve and the heads are arranged downward in this order in the vertical direction, the path constantly exists upwards in the vertical direction in such a manner that air entered into the path moves up above the valve due to a difference in the specific gravity between the air and the ink, the path is provided with a branching portion provided between the valve and the heads, and a sub ink tank is provided at an end of the branching portion so as to be positioned lower than the heads in the vertical direction.

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprising a substrate and a recording layer on which recording and readout of information can be carried out by laser.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of driving an electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus which are capable of reducing the time for writing data without providing special circuits. In the electro-optical device pixel circuits having reset transistors for controlling an electric connection between drains and gates of driving transistors between the drains and the gates of the driving transistors are arranged on a display panel in a matrix. The pixel circuits arranged in a matrix are electrically connected to a scanning line driving circuit via scanning lines. The scanning line driving circuit sequentially switches on the reset transistors from the pixel circuit connected to first scanning lines in accordance with scanning line control signals supplied from a control circuit and then lets organic EL elements emit light.

Abstract: To an organize EL element 21 of a pixel circuit 20 provided in association with an intersection of a scanning line Yn and a date line Xm, a driving current in accordance with digital data VDm or an analog data current IAm is supplied via the data line Xm. When halftones are controlled by digital gray scale in order to reduce power consumption, digital data VDm having a value corresponding to either H level or L level supplied to the pixel circuit 20. When halftones are controlled by analog gray scale in order to improve display quality, an analog data current IAm is supplied to the pixel circuit 20.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of driving an electronic circuit, a method of driving an electronic apparatus, a method of driving an electro-optical apparatus, and an electronic device with which occurrence of a pseudo contour, deviation of an image, etc. is inhibited when moving pictures are displayed, serving to improve moving-picture characteristics. In particular, after light emission by an organic EL element of each pixel circuit is started, a second switching transistor is turned on during a reset period, whereby a hold capacitor is connected to a power-supply voltage via a driving transistor and the second switching transistor. Thus, the hold capacitor is reset to a reset voltage at or above and the driving transistor is turned off. Accordingly, supply of a current to the organic EL element is inhibited, so that the organic EL element stops emitting light.

Abstract: To provide an electronic circuit that can achieve adequate display quality by a small amount of electrical power, an electro-optical device, a method for driving the electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus. A drive current corresponding to a digital-data voltage VDGDATAm or an analog-data voltage VANDATAm transmitted via a data line Xm is transmitted to an organic EL element 21 of a pixel circuit 20 provided corresponding to the intersection of a scan line Yn and the data line Xm. The digital-data voltage VDGDATAm is transmitted to the pixel circuit 20 so as to control gray scale by digital-gray-scale modulation for decreasing power consumption. Further, the analog-data voltage VANDATAm is transmitted to the pixel circuit 20 so as to control the gray scale by analog-gray-scale modulation for increasing the display quality.

Abstract: To provide an electronic circuit, a method of driving the electronic circuit, an electro-optical device, a method of driving the electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus, capable of reducing deviations in threshold voltages of transistors. A pixel circuit 20 is constructed with three transistors of a driving transistor Trd, an adjusting transistor Trc and a switching transistor Trs, and two capacitors of a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2. Further, a source of the adjusting transistor Trc is connected to a voltage supply line VL for supplying a driving voltage Vdd through a control transistor Q in common with the sources of the adjusting transistors Trc of other pixel circuits, the voltage supply line VL being provided at the right end side of an active matrix part.

Abstract: To provide an electronic circuit, a method of driving the electronic circuit, an electro-optical device, a method of driving the electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus capable of improving yield or aperture ratio by reducing the number of transistors to be used. A pixel circuit 20 comprises a driving transistor Q1, a transistor Q2, a switching transistor Q3, and a holding capacitor Co. Furthermore, a driving-voltage supplying transistor Qv is connected between a first power source line VL1, which supplies a driving voltage Vdd to drive the driving transistor Q1, and a voltage supply line Lo extending in a row in the direction of the pixel circuits provided at the right end side of an active matrix part 12.

Abstract: Pixel circuits 20 include a driving transistor Qd, a first switching transistor Qs1, a second switching transistor Qs2, a storage capacitor Co, and an organic EL element 21, respectively. Each control circuit TS, which is connected to second electrode E2 of the organic EL element 21 through an electric potential control line Lo and sets the electric potential of the second electrode E2 to a driving voltage Vdd or a cathode voltage Vo, is provided between first and second voltage supply lines La and Lb and the pixel circuits 20 in the rightmost column direction of the pixel circuits arranged on a display panel in a matrix.

Abstract: [Object] To provide an electronic circuit, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus that are capable of display with good quality and reducing operation delay, and a method for driving the electronic circuit.

Abstract: In order to compensate fluctuation of the characteristics of a field effect transistor and detect capacitive change of a capacitive element for measurement with high precision, the electronic circuit of the present invention comprises; the transistor Tr5 outputting current in response to voltage change, which is supplied from the variable voltage source Vdd to the current control terminal by capacitive coupling via the capacitive element for measurement Cs; and the constant current source 22 for outputting reference current; and the current detection circuit 23 for detecting output current outputted from the transistor Tr5. After making the reference current pass through the transistor Tr5 and compensating fluctuation of threshold voltage, the switching element Tr2 is turned “OFF” so as to make the current path between the gate and the drain of the transistor Tr5 to be non conductive.

Abstract: To achieve stable performance such as low parasitic capacitance generated at conductive components.