Abstract: An electronic device includes a plurality of first wiring lines, a plurality of second wiring lines that intersect the plurality of first wiring lines, a plurality of unit circuits that are disposed so as to correspond to intersections between the plurality of first wiring lines and the plurality of second wiring lines, and a plurality of reference signal lines that supply reference signals to the plurality of unit circuits.

Abstract: A method of forming a film includes: disposing a plurality of films on a substrate by discharging a chemical species or a precursor material thereof from at least one nozzle, the plurality of films being made of the chemical species.

Abstract: A method of driving an electronic device, which has a driving transistor having a control terminal a first terminal, and a second terminal, a conduction state between the first terminal and the second terminal changing according to a potential of the control terminal, and a unit circuit having a driven element to be driven according to the conduction state of the driving transistor, includes supplying a first potential to a potential supply line in an initialization period, and electrically connecting the potential supply line and the control terminal of the driving transistor to each other, electrically connecting a data line to which a data signal is supplied, and the first terminal of the driving transistor to each other in a writing period after the initialization period, and supplying a second potential different from the first potential to the potential supply line in a driving period after the writing period, and electrically connecting the potential supply line and the second terminal of the driving t

Abstract: To provide a device substrate and a production method therefor, which device substrate has a film having a reflection function and can be formed by a production process that does not require a vacuum process inviting increased production cost. A device substrate includes a substrate, an electronic element mounted above the substrate, and a film having a phase separation structure and arranged above the electronic element so as to cover at least a part of the substrate or the electronic element. Alternatively, the film having a phase separation structure in the above configuration may be arranged below the electronic element. The film having a phase separation structure can be arranged so as not come in contact with the substrate.

Abstract: A film forming apparatus includes a material reservoir that retains a material, at least one nozzle that discharges the material or a chemical species generated from the material as a precursor, and a chemical species generation section that generates the chemical species.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic circuit, a method of driving the electronic circuit, an electro-optical device, a method of driving the electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus, capable of reducing deviations in threshold voltages of transistors. A pixel circuit can be constructed with three transistors of a driving transistor, an adjusting transistor and a switching transistor, and two capacitors of a first capacitor and a second capacitor. Further, a source of the adjusting transistor can be connected to a voltage supply line for supplying a driving voltage through a control transistor in common with the sources of the adjusting transistors of other pixel circuits, the voltage supply line being provided at the right end side of an active matrix part.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic circuit, a method of driving the electronic circuit, an electro-optical device, a method of driving the electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus capable of improving yield or aperture ratio by reducing the number of transistors to be used. A pixel circuit can include a driving transistor, a transistor, a switching transistor, and a holding capacitor. Furthermore, a driving-voltage supplying transistor is connected between a first power source line, which supplies a driving voltage to drive the driving transistor, and a voltage supply line extending in a row in the direction of the pixel circuits provided at the right end side of an active matrix part.

Abstract: The invention achieves stable performance, such as low parasitic capacitance generated at conductive components. Components having a low dielectric constant of 4 or less are disposed on a base member. Functional films partitioned by the low-dielectric-constant components are also provided.

Abstract: A multilayer structure comprises a base, a first film, a second film including a plurality of first structure units, and a third film including a plurality of second structure units. The first film is disposed between the second film and the third film. The second film is disposed between the base and the first film. The first film is chemically bonded to one of at least one first structure units out of the plurality of first structure units and at least one second structure units out of the plurality of second structure units. Electron transfer occurs between the second film and the third film in response to energy applied.

Abstract: The invention achieves stable performance, such as low parasitic capacitance generated at conductive components. Components having a low dielectric constant of 4 or less are disposed on a base member. Functional films partitioned by the low-dielectric-constant components are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic circuit that can achieve adequate display quality by a small amount of electrical power, an electro-optical device, a method for driving the electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus. A drive current corresponding to a digital-data voltage or an analog-data voltage transmitted via a data line can be transmitted to an organic EL element of a pixel circuit provided corresponding to the intersection of a scan line and the data line. The digital-data voltage can be transmitted to the pixel circuit so as to control gray scale by digital-gray-scale modulation for decreasing power consumption. Further, the analog-data voltage can be transmitted to the pixel circuit so as to control the gray scale by analog-gray-scale modulation for increasing the display quality.

Abstract: Pixel circuits include a driving transistor, a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, a storage capacitor, and an organic EL element, respectively.

Abstract: A bottle holder of an image recording apparatus, which holds removably an ink bottle including an ink outlet, has an ink outlet connecting part for connecting the ink outlet, a guide having a guide surface that contacts the ink bottle to guide the ink bottle along a predetermined axis when the ink bottle is fit, a resisting part that is provided on the bottle guide surface and contacts the ink bottle to serve as a resistor to resist the movement of the ink bottle when the ink bottle is removed along the guide axis, and an ink receiving part to receive the ink dripped from the ink outlet. The ink receiving part is located relatively to the resisting part so as to position below the ink outlet when the ink bottle contacts the resistor upon the removal.

Abstract: There is provided a unit circuit comprising: a capacitive element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a dielectric layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a transistor having a gate electrode connected to the first electrode, a first terminal supplied with one of a low potential and a high potential, and a second terminal connected to a driven element; a first switching element controlling electrical connection between the gate electrode of the transistor and the second terminal; and a second switching element connected to the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic circuit that can achieve adequate display quality by a small amount of electrical power, an electro-optical device, a method for driving the electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus. A drive current corresponding to a digital-data voltage or an analog-data voltage transmitted via a data line can be transmitted to an organic EL element of a pixel circuit provided corresponding to the intersection of a scan line and the data line. The digital-data voltage can be transmitted to the pixel circuit so as to control gray scale by digital-gray-scale modulation for decreasing power consumption. Further, the analog-data voltage can be transmitted to the pixel circuit so as to control the gray scale by analog-gray-scale modulation for increasing the display quality.

Abstract: To provide an optical recording medium capable of high density recording or readout of optical information by a laser beam having a short wavelength. An optical recording medium comprising a substrate and a recording layer formed on the substrate, capable of recording or readout of information by irradiation with light, wherein the recording layer contains a 7-aminocarbostyril compound of the following formula (I): in the formula (I), X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R1 is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group which may be substituted, R6is a linear or branched alkyl group which may be substituted, and n=1 to 4.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the light-emitting layer including an inorganic semiconductor material, a first material, and a second material, at least one of the first material and the inorganic semiconductor material having a function emit light.

Abstract: Pixel circuits include a driving transistor, a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, a storage capacitor, and an organic EL element, respectively. Each control circuit, which is connected to second electrode of the organic EL element through an electric potential control line and sets the electric potential of the second electrode to a driving voltage or a cathode voltage, is provided between first and second voltage supply lines and the pixel circuits in the rightmost column direction of the pixel circuits arranged on a display panel in a matrix.