Abstract: The present invention provides a highly-efficient fuel cell having a uniform temperature in the pile direction of the fuel cell stacks piled in the vertical direction. In order to achieve the object, the fuel cell (1) includes a plurality of power generating cells (7) and separators (10) which are alternately layered and fixed on a mounting base (18) to constitute a fuel cell stack (3). A plurality of the fuel cell stacks (3) are piled at least in the height direction at the center of a generation reaction chamber (21). A fuel reformer (30) is arranged in the height direction in the vicinity of the fuel cell stacks (3). An introduction pipe (34) of a non-reformed fuel gas is connected to the upper end of the fuel reformer (30) and a discharge pipe (32) of the reformed fuel gas is connected to the lower end.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of driving an electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus which are capable of reducing the time for writing data without providing special circuits. In the electro-optical device pixel circuits having reset transistors for controlling an electric connection between drains and gates of driving transistors between the drains and the gates of the driving transistors are arranged on a display panel in a matrix. The pixel circuits arranged in a matrix are electrically connected to a scanning line driving circuit via scanning lines. The scanning line driving circuit sequentially switches on the reset transistors from the pixel circuit connected to first scanning lines in accordance with scanning line control signals supplied from a control circuit and then lets organic EL elements emit light.

Abstract: The invention achieves stable performance, such as low parasitic capacitance generated at conductive components. Components having a low dielectric constant of 4 or less are disposed on a base member. Functional films partitioned by the low-dielectric-constant components are also provided.

Abstract: To an organic EL element of a pixel circuit provided in association with an intersection of a scanning line and a data line, a driving current in accordance with digital data or an analog data current is supplied via the data line. When halftones are controlled by digital gray scale in order to reduce power consumption, digital data having a value corresponding to either a first level or a second level is supplied to the pixel circuit. When halftones are controlled by analog gray scale in order to improve display quality, an analog data current is supplied to the pixel circuit.

Abstract: A lens barrel comprises a first frame member having a plurality of cam grooves, a second frame member having a first cam follower and a second cam follower fitted to the plurality of cam grooves, respectively, and an external contact member projecting externally from the end surface of the second frame member, having a center axis along a direction which the second frame member extends, in the direction of the center axis in a region sandwiched between a first plane including the center axis and the first cam follower and a second plane including the center axis and the second cam follower adjacent to the first cam follower.

Abstract: Problem: To provide an optical recording medium having a recording layer improved in light stability that is capable of writing and reading of high-density optical information by a short-wavelength laser beam. Means for Solving the Problems: There is provided an optical recording medium with a recoding layer comprising an organic dye compound, wherein the recording layer contains a metal complex compound composed of a pyridone azo compound represented by the following the general formulas [I] to [III] and a divalent ion of metal coordinated to it such as nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and the like, wherein the pyridone azo compound contains a 6-hydroxy-2-pyridone structure as a coupling component and isoxazole, 1,2,4-triazole or pyrazole structure as a diazo component. (In the general formulas [I] to [III], R1 to R10 each is independently a hydrogen atom or monovalent functional group.

Abstract: A lens barrel has an elastically deformable moving frame which is a cylindrical frame member having a first groove group, in which a plurality of grooves formed in the circumferential direction are arranged in the optical axis direction, at the outer periphery thereof, and an elastically deformable rotating frame which is a cylindrical frame member engaging with the outer periphery of the moving frame and having a second groove group, in which a plurality of grooves formed in the circumferential direction are arranged in the optical axis direction so as to face to the first groove group, at the inner periphery thereof, the rotating frame being movable relative to the moving frame without interference of the second groove group with the first groove group during the ordinary operation.

Abstract: The invention stably operates active elements, such as transistors, and enables the display device to have a wide screen and to be stably operated for a long period of time. The electro-optical device includes an electro-optical element interposed between a cathode and an anode and disposed on the substrate, active elements addressing the electro-optical device, and insulating layers including an insulating material interposed between at least one of the cathode and anode and substrate and having a dielectric constant smaller than a prescribed value.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention can provide an electronic circuit that can include a first transistor having a first and second terminal between which a first channel region can be formed, and a second transistor having a third and fourth terminal between which a second channel region can be formed. In the electronic circuit, a gate voltage of the first transistor can be based on a programming current flowing from the first terminal to the second terminal during a first step, a reproducing current flowing from the second terminal to the first terminal during a second step, and a current level of the reproducing current corresponding to the gate voltage determined during the first step.

Abstract: It is possible to improve the power generation efficiency by uniformalizing the temperature distribution of a fuel cell stack in lamination direction. In a solid oxide type fuel cell, a power generation cell and a separator are alternately laminated so as to constitute a fuel cell stack. On the middle stage of the fuel cell stack in the lamination direction, a radiator (20) is arranged between the separators. The radiator (20) is formed by a columnar support portion (22) serving as a cell current path and supporting the weight in the lamination direction, flange portions (21) arranged at both ends of the support portion (22) so as to be in contact with the adjacent separators, and a plate member (23) for radiation.

Abstract: To suppress an off leak current of a switching element arranged along a data line to control degradation of tonal gradation in an arrangement in which an organic electro-luminescent element OLED is driven using a current programming method, a first switching element is set to be in a non-conductive state and a second switching element is set to be in a conductive state during a normal mode. During a test mode, the first switching element is set to be in a conductive state while the second switching element is set to be in a non-conductive state.

Abstract: A lens barrel has a first group frame provided with a rotating frame having a cam groove and made of a synthetic resin and a cam follower made of a synthetic resin integrated with the circumferential face for relative movement with the rotating frame and engaged with the cam groove, in which a shaft member made of metal is inserted into the center portion of the cam follower. If the lens barrel is dropped and the first group frame undergoes a relatively large impact force, the impact force acts between the cam groove and the cam follower, but since the shaft member is inserted into the cam follower as mentioned above, breakage of a root portion of the cam follower is prevented, and since the cam groove and the cam follower are both resin, plastic deformation on the cam groove side is also prevented.

Abstract: A capacitor is disposed between a gate of driving transistor of which conduction state correspond to a driving current supplied to a driven element. The gate voltage of the gate of the driving transistor is set by supplying a data current to the driving transistor or a compensating transistor for the driving transistor.

Abstract: An electronic circuit that drives a driven element to which driving voltage or driving current is supplied. The electronic circuit includes a signal line, a unit circuit connected to the signal line, and a voltage supply line. The unit circuit includes a driving transistor, a switching element, and a capacitive element. The driving transistor includes a gate terminal, a first terminal, a second terminal connected to the voltage supply line, and a channel formed between the first terminal and the second terminal. The switching element controls electrical connection between the gate terminal of the driving transistor and one of the first terminal and the second terminal. The capacitive element includes a first electrode connected to the gate terminal of the driving transistor and a second electrode connected to the signal line. A conductive state between the first terminal and the second terminal is controlled by a gate voltage applied to the gate terminal.

Abstract: A bottle holder of an image recording apparatus, which holds removably an ink bottle including an ink outlet, has an ink outlet connecting part for connecting the ink outlet, a guide having a guide surface that contacts the ink bottle to guide the ink bottle along a predetermined axis when the ink bottle is fit, a resisting part that is provided on the bottle guide surface and contacts the ink bottle to serve as a resistor to resist the movement of the ink bottle when the ink bottle is removed along the guide axis, and an ink receiving part to receive the ink dripped from the ink outlet. The ink receiving part is located relatively to the resisting part so as to position below the ink outlet when the ink bottle contacts the resistor upon the removal.

Abstract: A camera has an outer case member and a lens barrel unit having a movable lens movable along a straight line. The relation between the shape of the outer case member and the layout of the lens barrel unit is such that when the camera falls in the same direction as the straight line to contact with a flat surface for the first time, the camera contacts the flat surface at a portion other than directly below the center of gravity. Examples of the camera disclosed include a camera having the lens barrel unit disposed tilted in the outer case member, a camera whose outer case member has a wedge-like shape, and a camera having a projection formed at the outer case member.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device capable of improving a high light projection efficiency to the outside while maintaining sealing ability for providing high recognition of vision. An organic electroluminescence display can include a light permeable substrate, and an organic electroluminescence element having a luminous layer and positive hole transfer layer interposed between a pair of electrodes. Additionally, a low refractivity film having a lower refractivity than the substrate, and a seal layer for blocking the air from invading from the substrate side to the organic electroluminescence element are laminated between the substrate and electrode of the organic electroluminescence element.

Abstract: Pixel circuits include a driving transistor, a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, a storage capacitor, and an organic EL element, respectively. Each control circuit, which is connected to second electrode of the organic EL element through an electric potential control line and sets the electric potential of the second electrode to a driving voltage or a cathode voltage, is provided between first and second voltage supply lines and the pixel circuits in the rightmost column direction of the pixel circuits arranged on a display panel in a matrix.

Abstract: An electronic circuit, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus are provided that are capable of display with good quality and reducing operation delay, and a method to drive the electronic circuit. First and second switching transistors are turned on and an operation voltage Vdx and a data-current Idata are transmitted to a holding capacitor. The conduction state of a driving transistor is set according to an electrical-charge amount corresponding to the data-current Idata held in the holding capacitor and a current that passes the driving transistor is transmitted to an organic EL element. Then, a first switch is turned off, a second switch and the second switching transistor are turned on, and a reset voltage Vr is transmitted to the holding capacitor, whereby the driving transistor is turned off and the organic EL element stops emitting light.

Abstract: An electronic circuit, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus are provided that are capable of display with good quality and reducing operation delay, and a method to drive the electronic circuit. First and second switching transistors are turned on and an operation voltage Vdx and a data-current Idata are transmitted to a holding capacitor. The conduction state of a driving transistor is set according to an electrical-charge amount corresponding to the data-current Idata held in the holding capacitor and a current that passes the driving transistor is transmitted to an organic EL element. Then, a first switch is turned off, a second switch and the second switching transistor are turned on, and a reset voltage Vr is transmitted to the holding capacitor, whereby the driving transistor is turned off and the organic EL element stops emitting light.